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-"""
-WSGI Protocol Linter
-====================
-
-This module provides a middleware that performs sanity checks on the
-behavior of the WSGI server and application. It checks that the
-:pep:`3333` WSGI spec is properly implemented. It also warns on some
-common HTTP errors such as non-empty responses for 304 status codes.
-
-.. autoclass:: LintMiddleware
-
-:copyright: 2007 Pallets
-:license: BSD-3-Clause
-"""
-from warnings import warn
-
-from .._compat import implements_iterator
-from .._compat import PY2
-from .._compat import string_types
-from ..datastructures import Headers
-from ..http import is_entity_header
-from ..wsgi import FileWrapper
-
-try:
- from urllib.parse import urlparse
-except ImportError:
- from urlparse import urlparse
-
-
-class WSGIWarning(Warning):
- """Warning class for WSGI warnings."""
-
-
-class HTTPWarning(Warning):
- """Warning class for HTTP warnings."""
-
-
-def check_string(context, obj, stacklevel=3):
- if type(obj) is not str:
- warn(
- "'%s' requires strings, got '%s'" % (context, type(obj).__name__),
- WSGIWarning,
- )
-
-
-class InputStream(object):
- def __init__(self, stream):
- self._stream = stream
-
- def read(self, *args):
- if len(args) == 0:
- warn(
- "WSGI does not guarantee an EOF marker on the input stream, thus making"
- " calls to 'wsgi.input.read()' unsafe. Conforming servers may never"
- " return from this call.",
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=2,
- )
- elif len(args) != 1:
- warn(
- "Too many parameters passed to 'wsgi.input.read()'.",
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=2,
- )
- return self._stream.read(*args)
-
- def readline(self, *args):
- if len(args) == 0:
- warn(
- "Calls to 'wsgi.input.readline()' without arguments are unsafe. Use"
- " 'wsgi.input.read()' instead.",
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=2,
- )
- elif len(args) == 1:
- warn(
- "'wsgi.input.readline()' was called with a size hint. WSGI does not"
- " support this, although it's available on all major servers.",
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=2,
- )
- else:
- raise TypeError("Too many arguments passed to 'wsgi.input.readline()'.")
- return self._stream.readline(*args)
-
- def __iter__(self):
- try:
- return iter(self._stream)
- except TypeError:
- warn("'wsgi.input' is not iterable.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
- return iter(())
-
- def close(self):
- warn("The application closed the input stream!", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
- self._stream.close()
-
-
-class ErrorStream(object):
- def __init__(self, stream):
- self._stream = stream
-
- def write(self, s):
- check_string("wsgi.error.write()", s)
- self._stream.write(s)
-
- def flush(self):
- self._stream.flush()
-
- def writelines(self, seq):
- for line in seq:
- self.write(line)
-
- def close(self):
- warn("The application closed the error stream!", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
- self._stream.close()
-
-
-class GuardedWrite(object):
- def __init__(self, write, chunks):
- self._write = write
- self._chunks = chunks
-
- def __call__(self, s):
- check_string("write()", s)
- self._write.write(s)
- self._chunks.append(len(s))
-
-
-@implements_iterator
-class GuardedIterator(object):
- def __init__(self, iterator, headers_set, chunks):
- self._iterator = iterator
- if PY2:
- self._next = iter(iterator).next
- else:
- self._next = iter(iterator).__next__
- self.closed = False
- self.headers_set = headers_set
- self.chunks = chunks
-
- def __iter__(self):
- return self
-
- def __next__(self):
- if self.closed:
- warn("Iterated over closed 'app_iter'.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
-
- rv = self._next()
-
- if not self.headers_set:
- warn(
- "The application returned before it started the response.",
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=2,
- )
-
- check_string("application iterator items", rv)
- self.chunks.append(len(rv))
- return rv
-
- def close(self):
- self.closed = True
-
- if hasattr(self._iterator, "close"):
- self._iterator.close()
-
- if self.headers_set:
- status_code, headers = self.headers_set
- bytes_sent = sum(self.chunks)
- content_length = headers.get("content-length", type=int)
-
- if status_code == 304:
- for key, _value in headers:
- key = key.lower()
- if key not in ("expires", "content-location") and is_entity_header(
- key
- ):
- warn(
- "Entity header %r found in 304 response." % key, HTTPWarning
- )
- if bytes_sent:
- warn("304 responses must not have a body.", HTTPWarning)
- elif 100 <= status_code < 200 or status_code == 204:
- if content_length != 0:
- warn(
- "%r responses must have an empty content length." % status_code,
- HTTPWarning,
- )
- if bytes_sent:
- warn(
- "%r responses must not have a body." % status_code, HTTPWarning
- )
- elif content_length is not None and content_length != bytes_sent:
- warn(
- "Content-Length and the number of bytes sent to the client do not"
- " match.",
- WSGIWarning,
- )
-
- def __del__(self):
- if not self.closed:
- try:
- warn(
- "Iterator was garbage collected before it was closed.", WSGIWarning
- )
- except Exception:
- pass
-
-
-class LintMiddleware(object):
- """Warns about common errors in the WSGI and HTTP behavior of the
- server and wrapped application. Some of the issues it check are:
-
- - invalid status codes
- - non-bytestrings sent to the WSGI server
- - strings returned from the WSGI application
- - non-empty conditional responses
- - unquoted etags
- - relative URLs in the Location header
- - unsafe calls to wsgi.input
- - unclosed iterators
-
- Error information is emitted using the :mod:`warnings` module.
-
- :param app: The WSGI application to wrap.
-
- .. code-block:: python
-
- from werkzeug.middleware.lint import LintMiddleware
- app = LintMiddleware(app)
- """
-
- def __init__(self, app):
- self.app = app
-
- def check_environ(self, environ):
- if type(environ) is not dict:
- warn(
- "WSGI environment is not a standard Python dict.",
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=4,
- )
- for key in (
- "REQUEST_METHOD",
- "SERVER_NAME",
- "SERVER_PORT",
- "wsgi.version",
- "wsgi.input",
- "wsgi.errors",
- "wsgi.multithread",
- "wsgi.multiprocess",
- "wsgi.run_once",
- ):
- if key not in environ:
- warn(
- "Required environment key %r not found" % key,
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=3,
- )
- if environ["wsgi.version"] != (1, 0):
- warn("Environ is not a WSGI 1.0 environ.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=3)
-
- script_name = environ.get("SCRIPT_NAME", "")
- path_info = environ.get("PATH_INFO", "")
-
- if script_name and script_name[0] != "/":
- warn(
- "'SCRIPT_NAME' does not start with a slash: %r" % script_name,
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=3,
- )
-
- if path_info and path_info[0] != "/":
- warn(
- "'PATH_INFO' does not start with a slash: %r" % path_info,
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=3,
- )
-
- def check_start_response(self, status, headers, exc_info):
- check_string("status", status)
- status_code = status.split(None, 1)[0]
-
- if len(status_code) != 3 or not status_code.isdigit():
- warn(WSGIWarning("Status code must be three digits"), stacklevel=3)
-
- if len(status) < 4 or status[3] != " ":
- warn(
- WSGIWarning(
- "Invalid value for status %r. Valid "
- "status strings are three digits, a space "
- "and a status explanation"
- ),
- stacklevel=3,
- )
-
- status_code = int(status_code)
-
- if status_code < 100:
- warn(WSGIWarning("status code < 100 detected"), stacklevel=3)
-
- if type(headers) is not list:
- warn(WSGIWarning("header list is not a list"), stacklevel=3)
-
- for item in headers:
- if type(item) is not tuple or len(item) != 2:
- warn(WSGIWarning("Headers must tuple 2-item tuples"), stacklevel=3)
- name, value = item
- if type(name) is not str or type(value) is not str:
- warn(WSGIWarning("header items must be strings"), stacklevel=3)
- if name.lower() == "status":
- warn(
- WSGIWarning(
- "The status header is not supported due to "
- "conflicts with the CGI spec."
- ),
- stacklevel=3,
- )
-
- if exc_info is not None and not isinstance(exc_info, tuple):
- warn(WSGIWarning("invalid value for exc_info"), stacklevel=3)
-
- headers = Headers(headers)
- self.check_headers(headers)
-
- return status_code, headers
-
- def check_headers(self, headers):
- etag = headers.get("etag")
-
- if etag is not None:
- if etag.startswith(("W/", "w/")):
- if etag.startswith("w/"):
- warn(
- HTTPWarning("weak etag indicator should be upcase."),
- stacklevel=4,
- )
-
- etag = etag[2:]
-
- if not (etag[:1] == etag[-1:] == '"'):
- warn(HTTPWarning("unquoted etag emitted."), stacklevel=4)
-
- location = headers.get("location")
-
- if location is not None:
- if not urlparse(location).netloc:
- warn(
- HTTPWarning("absolute URLs required for location header"),
- stacklevel=4,
- )
-
- def check_iterator(self, app_iter):
- if isinstance(app_iter, string_types):
- warn(
- "The application returned astring. The response will send one character"
- " at a time to the client, which will kill performance. Return a list"
- " or iterable instead.",
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=3,
- )
-
- def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
- if len(args) != 2:
- warn("A WSGI app takes two arguments.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2)
-
- if kwargs:
- warn(
- "A WSGI app does not take keyword arguments.", WSGIWarning, stacklevel=2
- )
-
- environ, start_response = args
-
- self.check_environ(environ)
- environ["wsgi.input"] = InputStream(environ["wsgi.input"])
- environ["wsgi.errors"] = ErrorStream(environ["wsgi.errors"])
-
- # Hook our own file wrapper in so that applications will always
- # iterate to the end and we can check the content length.
- environ["wsgi.file_wrapper"] = FileWrapper
-
- headers_set = []
- chunks = []
-
- def checking_start_response(*args, **kwargs):
- if len(args) not in (2, 3):
- warn(
- "Invalid number of arguments: %s, expected 2 or 3." % len(args),
- WSGIWarning,
- stacklevel=2,
- )
-
- if kwargs:
- warn("'start_response' does not take keyword arguments.", WSGIWarning)
-
- status, headers = args[:2]
-
- if len(args) == 3:
- exc_info = args[2]
- else:
- exc_info = None
-
- headers_set[:] = self.check_start_response(status, headers, exc_info)
- return GuardedWrite(start_response(status, headers, exc_info), chunks)
-
- app_iter = self.app(environ, checking_start_response)
- self.check_iterator(app_iter)
- return GuardedIterator(app_iter, headers_set, chunks)