[webvtt] Merge daisy-chained duplicate cues (#638)

Fixes: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/631#issuecomment-893338552

Previous deduplication algorithm only removed duplicate cues with
identical text, styles and timestamps.  This change also merges
cues that come in ‘daisy chains’, where sequences of cues with
identical text and styles appear in which the ending timestamp of
one equals the starting timestamp of the next.

This deduplication algorithm has the somewhat unfortunate side effect
that NOTE blocks between cues, if found, will be emitted in a different
order relative to their original cues.  This may be unwanted if perfect
fidelity is desired, but then so is daisy-chain deduplication itself.
NOTE blocks ought to be ignored by WebVTT players in any case.

Authored by: fstirlitz

3 files changed, 61 insertions, 19 deletions

diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
index 1cc99a4e9..e3af140fd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
             'fragment_index': 0,
         })
 
-    def download_and_append_fragments(self, ctx, fragments, info_dict, pack_func=None):
+    def download_and_append_fragments(self, ctx, fragments, info_dict, *, pack_func=None, finish_func=None):
         fragment_retries = self.params.get('fragment_retries', 0)
         is_fatal = (lambda idx: idx == 0) if self.params.get('skip_unavailable_fragments', True) else (lambda _: True)
         if not pack_func:
@@ -424,5 +424,8 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
                 if not result:
                     return False
 
+        if finish_func is not None:
+            ctx['dest_stream'].write(finish_func())
+            ctx['dest_stream'].flush()
         self._finish_frag_download(ctx, info_dict)
         return True
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
index 9cbd5a584..9cfc191cb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
@@ -260,29 +260,35 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                         block.end += adjust
 
                         dedup_window = extra_state.setdefault('webvtt_dedup_window', [])
-                        cue = block.as_json
 
-                        # skip the cue if an identical one appears
-                        # in the window of potential duplicates
-                        # and prune the window of unviable candidates
+                        ready = []
+
                         i = 0
-                        skip = True
+                        is_new = True
                         while i < len(dedup_window):
-                            window_cue = dedup_window[i]
-                            if window_cue == cue:
-                                break
-                            if window_cue['end'] >= cue['start']:
-                                i += 1
+                            wcue = dedup_window[i]
+                            wblock = webvtt.CueBlock.from_json(wcue)
+                            i += 1
+                            if wblock.hinges(block):
+                                wcue['end'] = block.end
+                                is_new = False
+                                continue
+                            if wblock == block:
+                                is_new = False
+                                continue
+                            if wblock.end > block.start:
                                 continue
+                            ready.append(wblock)
+                            i -= 1
                             del dedup_window[i]
-                        else:
-                            skip = False
 
-                        if skip:
-                            continue
+                        if is_new:
+                            dedup_window.append(block.as_json)
+                        for block in ready:
+                            block.write_into(output)
 
-                        # add the cue to the window
-                        dedup_window.append(cue)
+                        # we only emit cues once they fall out of the duplicate window
+                        continue
                     elif isinstance(block, webvtt.Magic):
                         # take care of MPEG PES timestamp overflow
                         if block.mpegts is None:
@@ -317,6 +323,19 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                     block.write_into(output)
 
                 return output.getvalue().encode('utf-8')
+
+            def fin_fragments():
+                dedup_window = extra_state.get('webvtt_dedup_window')
+                if not dedup_window:
+                    return b''
+
+                output = io.StringIO()
+                for cue in dedup_window:
+                    webvtt.CueBlock.from_json(cue).write_into(output)
+
+                return output.getvalue().encode('utf-8')
+
+            self.download_and_append_fragments(
+                ctx, fragments, info_dict, pack_func=pack_fragment, finish_func=fin_fragments)
         else:
-            pack_fragment = None
-        return self.download_and_append_fragments(ctx, fragments, info_dict, pack_fragment)
+            return self.download_and_append_fragments(ctx, fragments, info_dict)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/webvtt.py b/yt_dlp/webvtt.py
index ef55e6459..eee2a4a2d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/webvtt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/webvtt.py
@@ -331,6 +331,26 @@ class CueBlock(Block):
             'settings': self.settings,
         }
 
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.as_json == other.as_json
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_json(cls, json):
+        return cls(
+            id=json['id'],
+            start=json['start'],
+            end=json['end'],
+            text=json['text'],
+            settings=json['settings']
+        )
+
+    def hinges(self, other):
+        if self.text != other.text:
+            return False
+        if self.settings != other.settings:
+            return False
+        return self.start <= self.end == other.start <= other.end
+
 
 def parse_fragment(frag_content):
     """