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import hashlib
from ._compat import text_type
from ._json import json
from .encoding import want_bytes
from .exc import BadPayload
from .exc import BadSignature
from .signer import Signer
def is_text_serializer(serializer):
"""Checks whether a serializer generates text or binary."""
return isinstance(serializer.dumps({}), text_type)
class Serializer(object):
"""This class provides a serialization interface on top of the
signer. It provides a similar API to json/pickle and other modules
but is structured differently internally. If you want to change the
underlying implementation for parsing and loading you have to
override the :meth:`load_payload` and :meth:`dump_payload`
functions.
This implementation uses simplejson if available for dumping and
loading and will fall back to the standard library's json module if
it's not available.
You do not need to subclass this class in order to switch out or
customize the :class:`.Signer`. You can instead pass a different
class to the constructor as well as keyword arguments as a dict that
should be forwarded.
.. code-block:: python
s = Serializer(signer_kwargs={'key_derivation': 'hmac'})
You may want to upgrade the signing parameters without invalidating
existing signatures that are in use. Fallback signatures can be
given that will be tried if unsigning with the current signer fails.
Fallback signers can be defined by providing a list of
``fallback_signers``. Each item can be one of the following: a
signer class (which is instantiated with ``signer_kwargs``,
``salt``, and ``secret_key``), a tuple
``(signer_class, signer_kwargs)``, or a dict of ``signer_kwargs``.
For example, this is a serializer that signs using SHA-512, but will
unsign using either SHA-512 or SHA1:
.. code-block:: python
s = Serializer(
signer_kwargs={"digest_method": hashlib.sha512},
fallback_signers=[{"digest_method": hashlib.sha1}]
)
.. versionchanged:: 0.14:
The ``signer`` and ``signer_kwargs`` parameters were added to
the constructor.
.. versionchanged:: 1.1.0:
Added support for ``fallback_signers`` and configured a default
SHA-512 fallback. This fallback is for users who used the yanked
1.0.0 release which defaulted to SHA-512.
"""
#: If a serializer module or class is not passed to the constructor
#: this one is picked up. This currently defaults to :mod:`json`.
default_serializer = json
#: The default :class:`Signer` class that is being used by this
#: serializer.
#:
#: .. versionadded:: 0.14
default_signer = Signer
#: The default fallback signers.
default_fallback_signers = [{"digest_method": hashlib.sha512}]
def __init__(
self,
secret_key,
salt=b"itsdangerous",
serializer=None,
serializer_kwargs=None,
signer=None,
signer_kwargs=None,
fallback_signers=None,
):
self.secret_key = want_bytes(secret_key)
self.salt = want_bytes(salt)
if serializer is None:
serializer = self.default_serializer
self.serializer = serializer
self.is_text_serializer = is_text_serializer(serializer)
if signer is None:
signer = self.default_signer
self.signer = signer
self.signer_kwargs = signer_kwargs or {}
if fallback_signers is None:
fallback_signers = list(self.default_fallback_signers or ())
self.fallback_signers = fallback_signers
self.serializer_kwargs = serializer_kwargs or {}
def load_payload(self, payload, serializer=None):
"""Loads the encoded object. This function raises
:class:`.BadPayload` if the payload is not valid. The
``serializer`` parameter can be used to override the serializer
stored on the class. The encoded ``payload`` should always be
bytes.
"""
if serializer is None:
serializer = self.serializer
is_text = self.is_text_serializer
else:
is_text = is_text_serializer(serializer)
try:
if is_text:
payload = payload.decode("utf-8")
return serializer.loads(payload)
except Exception as e:
raise BadPayload(
"Could not load the payload because an exception"
" occurred on unserializing the data.",
original_error=e,
)
def dump_payload(self, obj):
"""Dumps the encoded object. The return value is always bytes.
If the internal serializer returns text, the value will be
encoded as UTF-8.
"""
return want_bytes(self.serializer.dumps(obj, **self.serializer_kwargs))
def make_signer(self, salt=None):
"""Creates a new instance of the signer to be used. The default
implementation uses the :class:`.Signer` base class.
"""
if salt is None:
salt = self.salt
return self.signer(self.secret_key, salt=salt, **self.signer_kwargs)
def iter_unsigners(self, salt=None):
"""Iterates over all signers to be tried for unsigning. Starts
with the configured signer, then constructs each signer
specified in ``fallback_signers``.
"""
if salt is None:
salt = self.salt
yield self.make_signer(salt)
for fallback in self.fallback_signers:
if type(fallback) is dict:
kwargs = fallback
fallback = self.signer
elif type(fallback) is tuple:
fallback, kwargs = fallback
else:
kwargs = self.signer_kwargs
yield fallback(self.secret_key, salt=salt, **kwargs)
def dumps(self, obj, salt=None):
"""Returns a signed string serialized with the internal
serializer. The return value can be either a byte or unicode
string depending on the format of the internal serializer.
"""
payload = want_bytes(self.dump_payload(obj))
rv = self.make_signer(salt).sign(payload)
if self.is_text_serializer:
rv = rv.decode("utf-8")
return rv
def dump(self, obj, f, salt=None):
"""Like :meth:`dumps` but dumps into a file. The file handle has
to be compatible with what the internal serializer expects.
"""
f.write(self.dumps(obj, salt))
def loads(self, s, salt=None):
"""Reverse of :meth:`dumps`. Raises :exc:`.BadSignature` if the
signature validation fails.
"""
s = want_bytes(s)
last_exception = None
for signer in self.iter_unsigners(salt):
try:
return self.load_payload(signer.unsign(s))
except BadSignature as err:
last_exception = err
raise last_exception
def load(self, f, salt=None):
"""Like :meth:`loads` but loads from a file."""
return self.loads(f.read(), salt)
def loads_unsafe(self, s, salt=None):
"""Like :meth:`loads` but without verifying the signature. This
is potentially very dangerous to use depending on how your
serializer works. The return value is ``(signature_valid,
payload)`` instead of just the payload. The first item will be a
boolean that indicates if the signature is valid. This function
never fails.
Use it for debugging only and if you know that your serializer
module is not exploitable (for example, do not use it with a
pickle serializer).
.. versionadded:: 0.15
"""
return self._loads_unsafe_impl(s, salt)
def _loads_unsafe_impl(self, s, salt, load_kwargs=None, load_payload_kwargs=None):
"""Low level helper function to implement :meth:`loads_unsafe`
in serializer subclasses.
"""
try:
return True, self.loads(s, salt=salt, **(load_kwargs or {}))
except BadSignature as e:
if e.payload is None:
return False, None
try:
return (
False,
self.load_payload(e.payload, **(load_payload_kwargs or {})),
)
except BadPayload:
return False, None
def load_unsafe(self, f, *args, **kwargs):
"""Like :meth:`loads_unsafe` but loads from a file.
.. versionadded:: 0.15
"""
return self.loads_unsafe(f.read(), *args, **kwargs)
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