Merge branch 'modular-data-extract'

Commits in this branch are prefixed with "Extraction:"
This branch refactors data extraction. All such functionality has been moved to the yt_data_extract module.
Responses from requests are given to the module and it parses them into a consistent, more useful format.
The dependency on youtube-dl has also been dropped and this functionality has been built from scratch for these reasons:
(1) I've noticed youtube-dl breaks more often than invidious (which uses watch page extraction built from scratch) in response to changes from Youtube, so I'm hoping what I wrote will also be less brittle.
(2) Such breakage is inconvenient because I have to manually merge the fixes since I had to make changes to youtube-dl to make it do things such as extracting related videos.
(3) I have no control over error handling and request pooling with youtube-dl, since it does all the requests (these would require intrusive changes I don't want to maintain).
(4) I will now be able to finally display the number of comments and whether comments are disabled without making additional requests.

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 2392 deletions

diff --git a/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py b/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 38ba43a..0000000
--- a/youtube_dl/YoutubeDL.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2392 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# coding: utf-8
-
-from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals
-
-import collections
-import contextlib
-import copy
-import datetime
-import errno
-import fileinput
-import io
-import itertools
-import json
-import locale
-import operator
-import os
-import platform
-import re
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import socket
-import sys
-import time
-import tokenize
-import traceback
-import random
-
-from string import ascii_letters
-
-from .compat import (
-    compat_basestring,
-    compat_cookiejar,
-    compat_get_terminal_size,
-    compat_http_client,
-    compat_kwargs,
-    compat_numeric_types,
-    compat_os_name,
-    compat_str,
-    compat_tokenize_tokenize,
-    compat_urllib_error,
-    compat_urllib_request,
-    compat_urllib_request_DataHandler,
-)
-from .utils import (
-    age_restricted,
-    args_to_str,
-    ContentTooShortError,
-    date_from_str,
-    DateRange,
-    DEFAULT_OUTTMPL,
-    determine_ext,
-    determine_protocol,
-    DownloadError,
-    encode_compat_str,
-    encodeFilename,
-    error_to_compat_str,
-    expand_path,
-    ExtractorError,
-    format_bytes,
-    formatSeconds,
-    GeoRestrictedError,
-    int_or_none,
-    ISO3166Utils,
-    locked_file,
-    make_HTTPS_handler,
-    MaxDownloadsReached,
-    orderedSet,
-    PagedList,
-    parse_filesize,
-    PerRequestProxyHandler,
-    platform_name,
-    PostProcessingError,
-    preferredencoding,
-    prepend_extension,
-    register_socks_protocols,
-    render_table,
-    replace_extension,
-    SameFileError,
-    sanitize_filename,
-    sanitize_path,
-    sanitize_url,
-    sanitized_Request,
-    std_headers,
-    subtitles_filename,
-    UnavailableVideoError,
-    url_basename,
-    version_tuple,
-    write_json_file,
-    write_string,
-    YoutubeDLCookieProcessor,
-    YoutubeDLHandler,
-)
-from .cache import Cache
-from .extractor import get_info_extractor, gen_extractor_classes, _LAZY_LOADER
-from .extractor.openload import PhantomJSwrapper
-from .downloader import get_suitable_downloader
-from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
-from .postprocessor import (
-    FFmpegFixupM3u8PP,
-    FFmpegFixupM4aPP,
-    FFmpegFixupStretchedPP,
-    FFmpegMergerPP,
-    FFmpegPostProcessor,
-    get_postprocessor,
-)
-from .version import __version__
-
-if compat_os_name == 'nt':
-    import ctypes
-
-
-class YoutubeDL(object):
-    """YoutubeDL class.
-
-    YoutubeDL objects are the ones responsible of downloading the
-    actual video file and writing it to disk if the user has requested
-    it, among some other tasks. In most cases there should be one per
-    program. As, given a video URL, the downloader doesn't know how to
-    extract all the needed information, task that InfoExtractors do, it
-    has to pass the URL to one of them.
-
-    For this, YoutubeDL objects have a method that allows
-    InfoExtractors to be registered in a given order. When it is passed
-    a URL, the YoutubeDL object handles it to the first InfoExtractor it
-    finds that reports being able to handle it. The InfoExtractor extracts
-    all the information about the video or videos the URL refers to, and
-    YoutubeDL process the extracted information, possibly using a File
-    Downloader to download the video.
-
-    YoutubeDL objects accept a lot of parameters. In order not to saturate
-    the object constructor with arguments, it receives a dictionary of
-    options instead. These options are available through the params
-    attribute for the InfoExtractors to use. The YoutubeDL also
-    registers itself as the downloader in charge for the InfoExtractors
-    that are added to it, so this is a "mutual registration".
-
-    Available options:
-
-    username:          Username for authentication purposes.
-    password:          Password for authentication purposes.
-    videopassword:     Password for accessing a video.
-    ap_mso:            Adobe Pass multiple-system operator identifier.
-    ap_username:       Multiple-system operator account username.
-    ap_password:       Multiple-system operator account password.
-    usenetrc:          Use netrc for authentication instead.
-    verbose:           Print additional info to stdout.
-    quiet:             Do not print messages to stdout.
-    no_warnings:       Do not print out anything for warnings.
-    forceurl:          Force printing final URL.
-    forcetitle:        Force printing title.
-    forceid:           Force printing ID.
-    forcethumbnail:    Force printing thumbnail URL.
-    forcedescription:  Force printing description.
-    forcefilename:     Force printing final filename.
-    forceduration:     Force printing duration.
-    forcejson:         Force printing info_dict as JSON.
-    dump_single_json:  Force printing the info_dict of the whole playlist
-                       (or video) as a single JSON line.
-    simulate:          Do not download the video files.
-    format:            Video format code. See options.py for more information.
-    outtmpl:           Template for output names.
-    restrictfilenames: Do not allow "&" and spaces in file names
-    ignoreerrors:      Do not stop on download errors.
-    force_generic_extractor: Force downloader to use the generic extractor
-    nooverwrites:      Prevent overwriting files.
-    playliststart:     Playlist item to start at.
-    playlistend:       Playlist item to end at.
-    playlist_items:    Specific indices of playlist to download.
-    playlistreverse:   Download playlist items in reverse order.
-    playlistrandom:    Download playlist items in random order.
-    matchtitle:        Download only matching titles.
-    rejecttitle:       Reject downloads for matching titles.
-    logger:            Log messages to a logging.Logger instance.
-    logtostderr:       Log messages to stderr instead of stdout.
-    writedescription:  Write the video description to a .description file
-    writeinfojson:     Write the video description to a .info.json file
-    writeannotations:  Write the video annotations to a .annotations.xml file
-    writethumbnail:    Write the thumbnail image to a file
-    write_all_thumbnails:  Write all thumbnail formats to files
-    writesubtitles:    Write the video subtitles to a file
-    writeautomaticsub: Write the automatically generated subtitles to a file
-    allsubtitles:      Downloads all the subtitles of the video
-                       (requires writesubtitles or writeautomaticsub)
-    listsubtitles:     Lists all available subtitles for the video
-    subtitlesformat:   The format code for subtitles
-    subtitleslangs:    List of languages of the subtitles to download
-    keepvideo:         Keep the video file after post-processing
-    daterange:         A DateRange object, download only if the upload_date is in the range.
-    skip_download:     Skip the actual download of the video file
-    cachedir:          Location of the cache files in the filesystem.
-                       False to disable filesystem cache.
-    noplaylist:        Download single video instead of a playlist if in doubt.
-    age_limit:         An integer representing the user's age in years.
-                       Unsuitable videos for the given age are skipped.
-    min_views:         An integer representing the minimum view count the video
-                       must have in order to not be skipped.
-                       Videos without view count information are always
-                       downloaded. None for no limit.
-    max_views:         An integer representing the maximum view count.
-                       Videos that are more popular than that are not
-                       downloaded.
-                       Videos without view count information are always
-                       downloaded. None for no limit.
-    download_archive:  File name of a file where all downloads are recorded.
-                       Videos already present in the file are not downloaded
-                       again.
-    cookiefile:        File name where cookies should be read from and dumped to.
-    nocheckcertificate:Do not verify SSL certificates
-    prefer_insecure:   Use HTTP instead of HTTPS to retrieve information.
-                       At the moment, this is only supported by YouTube.
-    proxy:             URL of the proxy server to use
-    geo_verification_proxy:  URL of the proxy to use for IP address verification
-                       on geo-restricted sites.
-    socket_timeout:    Time to wait for unresponsive hosts, in seconds
-    bidi_workaround:   Work around buggy terminals without bidirectional text
-                       support, using fridibi
-    debug_printtraffic:Print out sent and received HTTP traffic
-    include_ads:       Download ads as well
-    default_search:    Prepend this string if an input url is not valid.
-                       'auto' for elaborate guessing
-    encoding:          Use this encoding instead of the system-specified.
-    extract_flat:      Do not resolve URLs, return the immediate result.
-                       Pass in 'in_playlist' to only show this behavior for
-                       playlist items.
-    postprocessors:    A list of dictionaries, each with an entry
-                       * key:  The name of the postprocessor. See
-                               youtube_dl/postprocessor/__init__.py for a list.
-                       as well as any further keyword arguments for the
-                       postprocessor.
-    progress_hooks:    A list of functions that get called on download
-                       progress, with a dictionary with the entries
-                       * status: One of "downloading", "error", or "finished".
-                                 Check this first and ignore unknown values.
-
-                       If status is one of "downloading", or "finished", the
-                       following properties may also be present:
-                       * filename: The final filename (always present)
-                       * tmpfilename: The filename we're currently writing to
-                       * downloaded_bytes: Bytes on disk
-                       * total_bytes: Size of the whole file, None if unknown
-                       * total_bytes_estimate: Guess of the eventual file size,
-                                               None if unavailable.
-                       * elapsed: The number of seconds since download started.
-                       * eta: The estimated time in seconds, None if unknown
-                       * speed: The download speed in bytes/second, None if
-                                unknown
-                       * fragment_index: The counter of the currently
-                                         downloaded video fragment.
-                       * fragment_count: The number of fragments (= individual
-                                         files that will be merged)
-
-                       Progress hooks are guaranteed to be called at least once
-                       (with status "finished") if the download is successful.
-    merge_output_format: Extension to use when merging formats.
-    fixup:             Automatically correct known faults of the file.
-                       One of:
-                       - "never": do nothing
-                       - "warn": only emit a warning
-                       - "detect_or_warn": check whether we can do anything
-                                           about it, warn otherwise (default)
-    source_address:    Client-side IP address to bind to.
-    call_home:         Boolean, true iff we are allowed to contact the
-                       youtube-dl servers for debugging.
-    sleep_interval:    Number of seconds to sleep before each download when
-                       used alone or a lower bound of a range for randomized
-                       sleep before each download (minimum possible number
-                       of seconds to sleep) when used along with
-                       max_sleep_interval.
-    max_sleep_interval:Upper bound of a range for randomized sleep before each
-                       download (maximum possible number of seconds to sleep).
-                       Must only be used along with sleep_interval.
-                       Actual sleep time will be a random float from range
-                       [sleep_interval; max_sleep_interval].
-    listformats:       Print an overview of available video formats and exit.
-    list_thumbnails:   Print a table of all thumbnails and exit.
-    match_filter:      A function that gets called with the info_dict of
-                       every video.
-                       If it returns a message, the video is ignored.
-                       If it returns None, the video is downloaded.
-                       match_filter_func in utils.py is one example for this.
-    no_color:          Do not emit color codes in output.
-    geo_bypass:        Bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For
-                       HTTP header
-    geo_bypass_country:
-                       Two-letter ISO 3166-2 country code that will be used for
-                       explicit geographic restriction bypassing via faking
-                       X-Forwarded-For HTTP header
-    geo_bypass_ip_block:
-                       IP range in CIDR notation that will be used similarly to
-                       geo_bypass_country
-
-    The following options determine which downloader is picked:
-    external_downloader: Executable of the external downloader to call.
-                       None or unset for standard (built-in) downloader.
-    hls_prefer_native: Use the native HLS downloader instead of ffmpeg/avconv
-                       if True, otherwise use ffmpeg/avconv if False, otherwise
-                       use downloader suggested by extractor if None.
-
-    The following parameters are not used by YoutubeDL itself, they are used by
-    the downloader (see youtube_dl/downloader/common.py):
-    nopart, updatetime, buffersize, ratelimit, min_filesize, max_filesize, test,
-    noresizebuffer, retries, continuedl, noprogress, consoletitle,
-    xattr_set_filesize, external_downloader_args, hls_use_mpegts,
-    http_chunk_size.
-
-    The following options are used by the post processors:
-    prefer_ffmpeg:     If False, use avconv instead of ffmpeg if both are available,
-                       otherwise prefer ffmpeg.
-    postprocessor_args: A list of additional command-line arguments for the
-                        postprocessor.
-
-    The following options are used by the Youtube extractor:
-    youtube_include_dash_manifest: If True (default), DASH manifests and related
-                        data will be downloaded and processed by extractor.
-                        You can reduce network I/O by disabling it if you don't
-                        care about DASH.
-    """
-
-    _NUMERIC_FIELDS = set((
-        'width', 'height', 'tbr', 'abr', 'asr', 'vbr', 'fps', 'filesize', 'filesize_approx',
-        'timestamp', 'upload_year', 'upload_month', 'upload_day',
-        'duration', 'view_count', 'like_count', 'dislike_count', 'repost_count',
-        'average_rating', 'comment_count', 'age_limit',
-        'start_time', 'end_time',
-        'chapter_number', 'season_number', 'episode_number',
-        'track_number', 'disc_number', 'release_year',
-        'playlist_index',
-    ))
-
-    params = None
-    _ies = []
-    _pps = []
-    _download_retcode = None
-    _num_downloads = None
-    _screen_file = None
-
-    def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
-        """Create a FileDownloader object with the given options."""
-        if params is None:
-            params = {}
-        self._ies = []
-        self._ies_instances = {}
-        self._pps = []
-        self._progress_hooks = []
-        self._download_retcode = 0
-        self._num_downloads = 0
-        self._screen_file = [sys.stdout, sys.stderr][params.get('logtostderr', False)]
-        self._err_file = sys.stderr
-        self.params = {
-            # Default parameters
-            'nocheckcertificate': False,
-        }
-        self.params.update(params)
-        self.cache = Cache(self)
-
-        def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
-            if self.params.get(param) is not None:
-                self.report_warning(
-                    '%s is deprecated. Use %s instead.' % (option, suggestion))
-                return True
-            return False
-
-        if check_deprecated('cn_verification_proxy', '--cn-verification-proxy', '--geo-verification-proxy'):
-            if self.params.get('geo_verification_proxy') is None:
-                self.params['geo_verification_proxy'] = self.params['cn_verification_proxy']
-
-        check_deprecated('autonumber_size', '--autonumber-size', 'output template with %(autonumber)0Nd, where N in the number of digits')
-        check_deprecated('autonumber', '--auto-number', '-o "%(autonumber)s-%(title)s.%(ext)s"')
-        check_deprecated('usetitle', '--title', '-o "%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"')
-
-        if params.get('bidi_workaround', False):
-            try:
-                import pty
-                master, slave = pty.openpty()
-                width = compat_get_terminal_size().columns
-                if width is None:
-                    width_args = []
-                else:
-                    width_args = ['-w', str(width)]
-                sp_kwargs = dict(
-                    stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-                    stdout=slave,
-                    stderr=self._err_file)
-                try:
-                    self._output_process = subprocess.Popen(
-                        ['bidiv'] + width_args, **sp_kwargs
-                    )
-                except OSError:
-                    self._output_process = subprocess.Popen(
-                        ['fribidi', '-c', 'UTF-8'] + width_args, **sp_kwargs)
-                self._output_channel = os.fdopen(master, 'rb')
-            except OSError as ose:
-                if ose.errno == errno.ENOENT:
-                    self.report_warning('Could not find fribidi executable, ignoring --bidi-workaround . Make sure that  fribidi  is an executable file in one of the directories in your $PATH.')
-                else:
-                    raise
-
-        if (sys.platform != 'win32' and
-                sys.getfilesystemencoding() in ['ascii', 'ANSI_X3.4-1968'] and
-                not params.get('restrictfilenames', False)):
-            # Unicode filesystem API will throw errors (#1474, #13027)
-            self.report_warning(
-                'Assuming --restrict-filenames since file system encoding '
-                'cannot encode all characters. '
-                'Set the LC_ALL environment variable to fix this.')
-            self.params['restrictfilenames'] = True
-
-        if isinstance(params.get('outtmpl'), bytes):
-            self.report_warning(
-                'Parameter outtmpl is bytes, but should be a unicode string. '
-                'Put  from __future__ import unicode_literals  at the top of your code file or consider switching to Python 3.x.')
-
-        self._setup_opener()
-
-        if auto_init:
-            self.print_debug_header()
-            self.add_default_info_extractors()
-
-        for pp_def_raw in self.params.get('postprocessors', []):
-            pp_class = get_postprocessor(pp_def_raw['key'])
-            pp_def = dict(pp_def_raw)
-            del pp_def['key']
-            pp = pp_class(self, **compat_kwargs(pp_def))
-            self.add_post_processor(pp)
-
-        for ph in self.params.get('progress_hooks', []):
-            self.add_progress_hook(ph)
-
-        register_socks_protocols()
-
-    def warn_if_short_id(self, argv):
-        # short YouTube ID starting with dash?
-        idxs = [
-            i for i, a in enumerate(argv)
-            if re.match(r'^-[0-9A-Za-z_-]{10}$', a)]
-        if idxs:
-            correct_argv = (
-                ['youtube-dl'] +
-                [a for i, a in enumerate(argv) if i not in idxs] +
-                ['--'] + [argv[i] for i in idxs]
-            )
-            self.report_warning(
-                'Long argument string detected. '
-                'Use -- to separate parameters and URLs, like this:\n%s\n' %
-                args_to_str(correct_argv))
-
-    def add_info_extractor(self, ie):
-        """Add an InfoExtractor object to the end of the list."""
-        self._ies.append(ie)
-        if not isinstance(ie, type):
-            self._ies_instances[ie.ie_key()] = ie
-            ie.set_downloader(self)
-
-    def get_info_extractor(self, ie_key):
-        """
-        Get an instance of an IE with name ie_key, it will try to get one from
-        the _ies list, if there's no instance it will create a new one and add
-        it to the extractor list.
-        """
-        ie = self._ies_instances.get(ie_key)
-        if ie is None:
-            ie = get_info_extractor(ie_key)()
-            self.add_info_extractor(ie)
-        return ie
-
-    def add_default_info_extractors(self):
-        """
-        Add the InfoExtractors returned by gen_extractors to the end of the list
-        """
-        for ie in gen_extractor_classes():
-            self.add_info_extractor(ie)
-
-    def add_post_processor(self, pp):
-        """Add a PostProcessor object to the end of the chain."""
-        self._pps.append(pp)
-        pp.set_downloader(self)
-
-    def add_progress_hook(self, ph):
-        """Add the progress hook (currently only for the file downloader)"""
-        self._progress_hooks.append(ph)
-
-    def _bidi_workaround(self, message):
-        if not hasattr(self, '_output_channel'):
-            return message
-
-        assert hasattr(self, '_output_process')
-        assert isinstance(message, compat_str)
-        line_count = message.count('\n') + 1
-        self._output_process.stdin.write((message + '\n').encode('utf-8'))
-        self._output_process.stdin.flush()
-        res = ''.join(self._output_channel.readline().decode('utf-8')
-                      for _ in range(line_count))
-        return res[:-len('\n')]
-
-    def to_screen(self, message, skip_eol=False):
-        """Print message to stdout if not in quiet mode."""
-        return self.to_stdout(message, skip_eol, check_quiet=True)
-
-    def _write_string(self, s, out=None):
-        write_string(s, out=out, encoding=self.params.get('encoding'))
-
-    def to_stdout(self, message, skip_eol=False, check_quiet=False):
-        """Print message to stdout if not in quiet mode."""
-        if self.params.get('logger'):
-            self.params['logger'].debug(message)
-        elif not check_quiet or not self.params.get('quiet', False):
-            message = self._bidi_workaround(message)
-            terminator = ['\n', ''][skip_eol]
-            output = message + terminator
-
-            self._write_string(output, self._screen_file)
-
-    def to_stderr(self, message):
-        """Print message to stderr."""
-        assert isinstance(message, compat_str)
-        if self.params.get('logger'):
-            self.params['logger'].error(message)
-        else:
-            message = self._bidi_workaround(message)
-            output = message + '\n'
-            self._write_string(output, self._err_file)
-
-    def to_console_title(self, message):
-        if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
-            return
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
-            if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
-                # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
-                # already of type unicode()
-                ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(message))
-        elif 'TERM' in os.environ:
-            self._write_string('\033]0;%s\007' % message, self._screen_file)
-
-    def save_console_title(self):
-        if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
-            return
-        if self.params.get('simulate', False):
-            return
-        if compat_os_name != 'nt' and 'TERM' in os.environ:
-            # Save the title on stack
-            self._write_string('\033[22;0t', self._screen_file)
-
-    def restore_console_title(self):
-        if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
-            return
-        if self.params.get('simulate', False):
-            return
-        if compat_os_name != 'nt' and 'TERM' in os.environ:
-            # Restore the title from stack
-            self._write_string('\033[23;0t', self._screen_file)
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        self.save_console_title()
-        return self
-
-    def __exit__(self, *args):
-        self.restore_console_title()
-
-        if self.params.get('cookiefile') is not None:
-            self.cookiejar.save()
-
-    def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None):
-        """Determine action to take when a download problem appears.
-
-        Depending on if the downloader has been configured to ignore
-        download errors or not, this method may throw an exception or
-        not when errors are found, after printing the message.
-
-        tb, if given, is additional traceback information.
-        """
-        if message is not None:
-            self.to_stderr(message)
-        if self.params.get('verbose'):
-            if tb is None:
-                if sys.exc_info()[0]:  # if .trouble has been called from an except block
-                    tb = ''
-                    if hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
-                        tb += ''.join(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info))
-                    tb += encode_compat_str(traceback.format_exc())
-                else:
-                    tb_data = traceback.format_list(traceback.extract_stack())
-                    tb = ''.join(tb_data)
-            self.to_stderr(tb)
-        if not self.params.get('ignoreerrors', False):
-            if sys.exc_info()[0] and hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
-                exc_info = sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info
-            else:
-                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
-            raise DownloadError(message, exc_info)
-        self._download_retcode = 1
-
-    def report_warning(self, message):
-        '''
-        Print the message to stderr, it will be prefixed with 'WARNING:'
-        If stderr is a tty file the 'WARNING:' will be colored
-        '''
-        if self.params.get('logger') is not None:
-            self.params['logger'].warning(message)
-        else:
-            if self.params.get('no_warnings'):
-                return
-            if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
-                _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
-            else:
-                _msg_header = 'WARNING:'
-            warning_message = '%s %s' % (_msg_header, message)
-            self.to_stderr(warning_message)
-
-    def report_error(self, message, tb=None):
-        '''
-        Do the same as trouble, but prefixes the message with 'ERROR:', colored
-        in red if stderr is a tty file.
-        '''
-        if not self.params.get('no_color') and self._err_file.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
-            _msg_header = '\033[0;31mERROR:\033[0m'
-        else:
-            _msg_header = 'ERROR:'
-        error_message = '%s %s' % (_msg_header, message)
-        self.trouble(error_message, tb)
-
-    def report_file_already_downloaded(self, file_name):
-        """Report file has already been fully downloaded."""
-        try:
-            self.to_screen('[download] %s has already been downloaded' % file_name)
-        except UnicodeEncodeError:
-            self.to_screen('[download] The file has already been downloaded')
-
-    def prepare_filename(self, info_dict):
-        """Generate the output filename."""
-        try:
-            template_dict = dict(info_dict)
-
-            template_dict['epoch'] = int(time.time())
-            autonumber_size = self.params.get('autonumber_size')
-            if autonumber_size is None:
-                autonumber_size = 5
-            template_dict['autonumber'] = self.params.get('autonumber_start', 1) - 1 + self._num_downloads
-            if template_dict.get('resolution') is None:
-                if template_dict.get('width') and template_dict.get('height'):
-                    template_dict['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (template_dict['width'], template_dict['height'])
-                elif template_dict.get('height'):
-                    template_dict['resolution'] = '%sp' % template_dict['height']
-                elif template_dict.get('width'):
-                    template_dict['resolution'] = '%dx?' % template_dict['width']
-
-            sanitize = lambda k, v: sanitize_filename(
-                compat_str(v),
-                restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames'),
-                is_id=(k == 'id' or k.endswith('_id')))
-            template_dict = dict((k, v if isinstance(v, compat_numeric_types) else sanitize(k, v))
-                                 for k, v in template_dict.items()
-                                 if v is not None and not isinstance(v, (list, tuple, dict)))
-            template_dict = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 'NA', template_dict)
-
-            outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
-
-            # For fields playlist_index and autonumber convert all occurrences
-            # of %(field)s to %(field)0Nd for backward compatibility
-            field_size_compat_map = {
-                'playlist_index': len(str(template_dict['n_entries'])),
-                'autonumber': autonumber_size,
-            }
-            FIELD_SIZE_COMPAT_RE = r'(?<!%)%\((?P<field>autonumber|playlist_index)\)s'
-            mobj = re.search(FIELD_SIZE_COMPAT_RE, outtmpl)
-            if mobj:
-                outtmpl = re.sub(
-                    FIELD_SIZE_COMPAT_RE,
-                    r'%%(\1)0%dd' % field_size_compat_map[mobj.group('field')],
-                    outtmpl)
-
-            # Missing numeric fields used together with integer presentation types
-            # in format specification will break the argument substitution since
-            # string 'NA' is returned for missing fields. We will patch output
-            # template for missing fields to meet string presentation type.
-            for numeric_field in self._NUMERIC_FIELDS:
-                if numeric_field not in template_dict:
-                    # As of [1] format syntax is:
-                    #  %[mapping_key][conversion_flags][minimum_width][.precision][length_modifier]type
-                    # 1. https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-formatting
-                    FORMAT_RE = r'''(?x)
-                        (?<!%)
-                        %
-                        \({0}\)  # mapping key
-                        (?:[#0\-+ ]+)?  # conversion flags (optional)
-                        (?:\d+)?  # minimum field width (optional)
-                        (?:\.\d+)?  # precision (optional)
-                        [hlL]?  # length modifier (optional)
-                        [diouxXeEfFgGcrs%]  # conversion type
-                    '''
-                    outtmpl = re.sub(
-                        FORMAT_RE.format(numeric_field),
-                        r'%({0})s'.format(numeric_field), outtmpl)
-
-            # expand_path translates '%%' into '%' and '$$' into '$'
-            # correspondingly that is not what we want since we need to keep
-            # '%%' intact for template dict substitution step. Working around
-            # with boundary-alike separator hack.
-            sep = ''.join([random.choice(ascii_letters) for _ in range(32)])
-            outtmpl = outtmpl.replace('%%', '%{0}%'.format(sep)).replace('$$', '${0}$'.format(sep))
-
-            # outtmpl should be expand_path'ed before template dict substitution
-            # because meta fields may contain env variables we don't want to
-            # be expanded. For example, for outtmpl "%(title)s.%(ext)s" and
-            # title "Hello $PATH", we don't want `$PATH` to be expanded.
-            filename = expand_path(outtmpl).replace(sep, '') % template_dict
-
-            # Temporary fix for #4787
-            # 'Treat' all problem characters by passing filename through preferredencoding
-            # to workaround encoding issues with subprocess on python2 @ Windows
-            if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and sys.platform == 'win32':
-                filename = encodeFilename(filename, True).decode(preferredencoding())
-            return sanitize_path(filename)
-        except ValueError as err:
-            self.report_error('Error in output template: ' + str(err) + ' (encoding: ' + repr(preferredencoding()) + ')')
-            return None
-
-    def _match_entry(self, info_dict, incomplete):
-        """ Returns None iff the file should be downloaded """
-
-        video_title = info_dict.get('title', info_dict.get('id', 'video'))
-        if 'title' in info_dict:
-            # This can happen when we're just evaluating the playlist
-            title = info_dict['title']
-            matchtitle = self.params.get('matchtitle', False)
-            if matchtitle:
-                if not re.search(matchtitle, title, re.IGNORECASE):
-                    return '"' + title + '" title did not match pattern "' + matchtitle + '"'
-            rejecttitle = self.params.get('rejecttitle', False)
-            if rejecttitle:
-                if re.search(rejecttitle, title, re.IGNORECASE):
-                    return '"' + title + '" title matched reject pattern "' + rejecttitle + '"'
-        date = info_dict.get('upload_date')
-        if date is not None:
-            dateRange = self.params.get('daterange', DateRange())
-            if date not in dateRange:
-                return '%s upload date is not in range %s' % (date_from_str(date).isoformat(), dateRange)
-        view_count = info_dict.get('view_count')
-        if view_count is not None:
-            min_views = self.params.get('min_views')
-            if min_views is not None and view_count < min_views:
-                return 'Skipping %s, because it has not reached minimum view count (%d/%d)' % (video_title, view_count, min_views)
-            max_views = self.params.get('max_views')
-            if max_views is not None and view_count > max_views:
-                return 'Skipping %s, because it has exceeded the maximum view count (%d/%d)' % (video_title, view_count, max_views)
-        if age_restricted(info_dict.get('age_limit'), self.params.get('age_limit')):
-            return 'Skipping "%s" because it is age restricted' % video_title
-        if self.in_download_archive(info_dict):
-            return '%s has already been recorded in archive' % video_title
-
-        if not incomplete:
-            match_filter = self.params.get('match_filter')
-            if match_filter is not None:
-                ret = match_filter(info_dict)
-                if ret is not None:
-                    return ret
-
-        return None
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def add_extra_info(info_dict, extra_info):
-        '''Set the keys from extra_info in info dict if they are missing'''
-        for key, value in extra_info.items():
-            info_dict.setdefault(key, value)
-
-    def extract_info(self, url, download=True, ie_key=None, extra_info={},
-                     process=True, force_generic_extractor=False):
-        '''
-        Returns a list with a dictionary for each video we find.
-        If 'download', also downloads the videos.
-        extra_info is a dict containing the extra values to add to each result
-        '''
-
-        if not ie_key and force_generic_extractor:
-            ie_key = 'Generic'
-
-        if ie_key:
-            ies = [self.get_info_extractor(ie_key)]
-        else:
-            ies = self._ies
-
-        for ie in ies:
-            if not ie.suitable(url):
-                continue
-
-            ie = self.get_info_extractor(ie.ie_key())
-            if not ie.working():
-                self.report_warning('The program functionality for this site has been marked as broken, '
-                                    'and will probably not work.')
-
-            try:
-                ie_result = ie.extract(url)
-                if ie_result is None:  # Finished already (backwards compatibility; listformats and friends should be moved here)
-                    break
-                if isinstance(ie_result, list):
-                    # Backwards compatibility: old IE result format
-                    ie_result = {
-                        '_type': 'compat_list',
-                        'entries': ie_result,
-                    }
-                self.add_default_extra_info(ie_result, ie, url)
-                if process:
-                    return self.process_ie_result(ie_result, download, extra_info)
-                else:
-                    return ie_result
-            except GeoRestrictedError as e:
-                msg = e.msg
-                if e.countries:
-                    msg += '\nThis video is available in %s.' % ', '.join(
-                        map(ISO3166Utils.short2full, e.countries))
-                msg += '\nYou might want to use a VPN or a proxy server (with --proxy) to workaround.'
-                self.report_error(msg)
-                break
-            except ExtractorError as e:  # An error we somewhat expected
-                self.report_error(compat_str(e), e.format_traceback())
-                break
-            except MaxDownloadsReached:
-                raise
-            except Exception as e:
-                if self.params.get('ignoreerrors', False):
-                    self.report_error(error_to_compat_str(e), tb=encode_compat_str(traceback.format_exc()))
-                    break
-                else:
-                    raise
-        else:
-            self.report_error('no suitable InfoExtractor for URL %s' % url)
-
-    def add_default_extra_info(self, ie_result, ie, url):
-        self.add_extra_info(ie_result, {
-            'extractor': ie.IE_NAME,
-            'webpage_url': url,
-            'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(url),
-            'extractor_key': ie.ie_key(),
-        })
-
-    def process_ie_result(self, ie_result, download=True, extra_info={}):
-        """
-        Take the result of the ie(may be modified) and resolve all unresolved
-        references (URLs, playlist items).
-
-        It will also download the videos if 'download'.
-        Returns the resolved ie_result.
-        """
-        result_type = ie_result.get('_type', 'video')
-
-        if result_type in ('url', 'url_transparent'):
-            ie_result['url'] = sanitize_url(ie_result['url'])
-            extract_flat = self.params.get('extract_flat', False)
-            if ((extract_flat == 'in_playlist' and 'playlist' in extra_info) or
-                    extract_flat is True):
-                if self.params.get('forcejson', False):
-                    self.to_stdout(json.dumps(ie_result))
-                return ie_result
-
-        if result_type == 'video':
-            self.add_extra_info(ie_result, extra_info)
-            return self.process_video_result(ie_result, download=download)
-        elif result_type == 'url':
-            # We have to add extra_info to the results because it may be
-            # contained in a playlist
-            return self.extract_info(ie_result['url'],
-                                     download,
-                                     ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
-                                     extra_info=extra_info)
-        elif result_type == 'url_transparent':
-            # Use the information from the embedding page
-            info = self.extract_info(
-                ie_result['url'], ie_key=ie_result.get('ie_key'),
-                extra_info=extra_info, download=False, process=False)
-
-            # extract_info may return None when ignoreerrors is enabled and
-            # extraction failed with an error, don't crash and return early
-            # in this case
-            if not info:
-                return info
-
-            force_properties = dict(
-                (k, v) for k, v in ie_result.items() if v is not None)
-            for f in ('_type', 'url', 'id', 'extractor', 'extractor_key', 'ie_key'):
-                if f in force_properties:
-                    del force_properties[f]
-            new_result = info.copy()
-            new_result.update(force_properties)
-
-            # Extracted info may not be a video result (i.e.
-            # info.get('_type', 'video') != video) but rather an url or
-            # url_transparent. In such cases outer metadata (from ie_result)
-            # should be propagated to inner one (info). For this to happen
-            # _type of info should be overridden with url_transparent. This
-            # fixes issue from https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/11163.
-            if new_result.get('_type') == 'url':
-                new_result['_type'] = 'url_transparent'
-
-            return self.process_ie_result(
-                new_result, download=download, extra_info=extra_info)
-        elif result_type in ('playlist', 'multi_video'):
-            # We process each entry in the playlist
-            playlist = ie_result.get('title') or ie_result.get('id')
-            self.to_screen('[download] Downloading playlist: %s' % playlist)
-
-            playlist_results = []
-
-            playliststart = self.params.get('playliststart', 1) - 1
-            playlistend = self.params.get('playlistend')
-            # For backwards compatibility, interpret -1 as whole list
-            if playlistend == -1:
-                playlistend = None
-
-            playlistitems_str = self.params.get('playlist_items')
-            playlistitems = None
-            if playlistitems_str is not None:
-                def iter_playlistitems(format):
-                    for string_segment in format.split(','):
-                        if '-' in string_segment:
-                            start, end = string_segment.split('-')
-                            for item in range(int(start), int(end) + 1):
-                                yield int(item)
-                        else:
-                            yield int(string_segment)
-                playlistitems = orderedSet(iter_playlistitems(playlistitems_str))
-
-            ie_entries = ie_result['entries']
-
-            def make_playlistitems_entries(list_ie_entries):
-                num_entries = len(list_ie_entries)
-                return [
-                    list_ie_entries[i - 1] for i in playlistitems
-                    if -num_entries <= i - 1 < num_entries]
-
-            def report_download(num_entries):
-                self.to_screen(
-                    '[%s] playlist %s: Downloading %d videos' %
-                    (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, num_entries))
-
-            if isinstance(ie_entries, list):
-                n_all_entries = len(ie_entries)
-                if playlistitems:
-                    entries = make_playlistitems_entries(ie_entries)
-                else:
-                    entries = ie_entries[playliststart:playlistend]
-                n_entries = len(entries)
-                self.to_screen(
-                    '[%s] playlist %s: Collected %d video ids (downloading %d of them)' %
-                    (ie_result['extractor'], playlist, n_all_entries, n_entries))
-            elif isinstance(ie_entries, PagedList):
-                if playlistitems:
-                    entries = []
-                    for item in playlistitems:
-                        entries.extend(ie_entries.getslice(
-                            item - 1, item
-                        ))
-                else:
-                    entries = ie_entries.getslice(
-                        playliststart, playlistend)
-                n_entries = len(entries)
-                report_download(n_entries)
-            else:  # iterable
-                if playlistitems:
-                    entries = make_playlistitems_entries(list(itertools.islice(
-                        ie_entries, 0, max(playlistitems))))
-                else:
-                    entries = list(itertools.islice(
-                        ie_entries, playliststart, playlistend))
-                n_entries = len(entries)
-                report_download(n_entries)
-
-            if self.params.get('playlistreverse', False):
-                entries = entries[::-1]
-
-            if self.params.get('playlistrandom', False):
-                random.shuffle(entries)
-
-            x_forwarded_for = ie_result.get('__x_forwarded_for_ip')
-
-            for i, entry in enumerate(entries, 1):
-                self.to_screen('[download] Downloading video %s of %s' % (i, n_entries))
-                # This __x_forwarded_for_ip thing is a bit ugly but requires
-                # minimal changes
-                if x_forwarded_for:
-                    entry['__x_forwarded_for_ip'] = x_forwarded_for
-                extra = {
-                    'n_entries': n_entries,
-                    'playlist': playlist,
-                    'playlist_id': ie_result.get('id'),
-                    'playlist_title': ie_result.get('title'),
-                    'playlist_uploader': ie_result.get('uploader'),
-                    'playlist_uploader_id': ie_result.get('uploader_id'),
-                    'playlist_index': i + playliststart,
-                    'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
-                    'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],
-                    'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(ie_result['webpage_url']),
-                    'extractor_key': ie_result['extractor_key'],
-                }
-
-                reason = self._match_entry(entry, incomplete=True)
-                if reason is not None:
-                    self.to_screen('[download] ' + reason)
-                    continue
-
-                entry_result = self.process_ie_result(entry,
-                                                      download=download,
-                                                      extra_info=extra)
-                playlist_results.append(entry_result)
-            ie_result['entries'] = playlist_results
-            self.to_screen('[download] Finished downloading playlist: %s' % playlist)
-            return ie_result
-        elif result_type == 'compat_list':
-            self.report_warning(
-                'Extractor %s returned a compat_list result. '
-                'It needs to be updated.' % ie_result.get('extractor'))
-
-            def _fixup(r):
-                self.add_extra_info(
-                    r,
-                    {
-                        'extractor': ie_result['extractor'],
-                        'webpage_url': ie_result['webpage_url'],
-                        'webpage_url_basename': url_basename(ie_result['webpage_url']),
-                        'extractor_key': ie_result['extractor_key'],
-                    }
-                )
-                return r
-            ie_result['entries'] = [
-                self.process_ie_result(_fixup(r), download, extra_info)
-                for r in ie_result['entries']
-            ]
-            return ie_result
-        else:
-            raise Exception('Invalid result type: %s' % result_type)
-
-    def _build_format_filter(self, filter_spec):
-        " Returns a function to filter the formats according to the filter_spec "
-
-        OPERATORS = {
-            '<': operator.lt,
-            '<=': operator.le,
-            '>': operator.gt,
-            '>=': operator.ge,
-            '=': operator.eq,
-            '!=': operator.ne,
-        }
-        operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
-            (?P<key>width|height|tbr|abr|vbr|asr|filesize|filesize_approx|fps)
-            \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
-            (?P<value>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)
-            $
-            ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, OPERATORS.keys())))
-        m = operator_rex.search(filter_spec)
-        if m:
-            try:
-                comparison_value = int(m.group('value'))
-            except ValueError:
-                comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('value'))
-                if comparison_value is None:
-                    comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('value') + 'B')
-                if comparison_value is None:
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        'Invalid value %r in format specification %r' % (
-                            m.group('value'), filter_spec))
-            op = OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
-
-        if not m:
-            STR_OPERATORS = {
-                '=': operator.eq,
-                '!=': operator.ne,
-                '^=': lambda attr, value: attr.startswith(value),
-                '$=': lambda attr, value: attr.endswith(value),
-                '*=': lambda attr, value: value in attr,
-            }
-            str_operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)
-                \s*(?P<key>ext|acodec|vcodec|container|protocol|format_id)
-                \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?
-                \s*(?P<value>[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+)
-                \s*$
-                ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, STR_OPERATORS.keys())))
-            m = str_operator_rex.search(filter_spec)
-            if m:
-                comparison_value = m.group('value')
-                op = STR_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
-
-        if not m:
-            raise ValueError('Invalid filter specification %r' % filter_spec)
-
-        def _filter(f):
-            actual_value = f.get(m.group('key'))
-            if actual_value is None:
-                return m.group('none_inclusive')
-            return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
-        return _filter
-
-    def _default_format_spec(self, info_dict, download=True):
-
-        def can_merge():
-            merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
-            return merger.available and merger.can_merge()
-
-        def prefer_best():
-            if self.params.get('simulate', False):
-                return False
-            if not download:
-                return False
-            if self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL) == '-':
-                return True
-            if info_dict.get('is_live'):
-                return True
-            if not can_merge():
-                return True
-            return False
-
-        req_format_list = ['bestvideo+bestaudio', 'best']
-        if prefer_best():
-            req_format_list.reverse()
-        return '/'.join(req_format_list)
-
-    def build_format_selector(self, format_spec):
-        def syntax_error(note, start):
-            message = (
-                'Invalid format specification: '
-                '{0}\n\t{1}\n\t{2}^'.format(note, format_spec, ' ' * start[1]))
-            return SyntaxError(message)
-
-        PICKFIRST = 'PICKFIRST'
-        MERGE = 'MERGE'
-        SINGLE = 'SINGLE'
-        GROUP = 'GROUP'
-        FormatSelector = collections.namedtuple('FormatSelector', ['type', 'selector', 'filters'])
-
-        def _parse_filter(tokens):
-            filter_parts = []
-            for type, string, start, _, _ in tokens:
-                if type == tokenize.OP and string == ']':
-                    return ''.join(filter_parts)
-                else:
-                    filter_parts.append(string)
-
-        def _remove_unused_ops(tokens):
-            # Remove operators that we don't use and join them with the surrounding strings
-            # for example: 'mp4' '-' 'baseline' '-' '16x9' is converted to 'mp4-baseline-16x9'
-            ALLOWED_OPS = ('/', '+', ',', '(', ')')
-            last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line = None, None, None, None
-            for type, string, start, end, line in tokens:
-                if type == tokenize.OP and string == '[':
-                    if last_string:
-                        yield tokenize.NAME, last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line
-                        last_string = None
-                    yield type, string, start, end, line
-                    # everything inside brackets will be handled by _parse_filter
-                    for type, string, start, end, line in tokens:
-                        yield type, string, start, end, line
-                        if type == tokenize.OP and string == ']':
-                            break
-                elif type == tokenize.OP and string in ALLOWED_OPS:
-                    if last_string:
-                        yield tokenize.NAME, last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line
-                        last_string = None
-                    yield type, string, start, end, line
-                elif type in [tokenize.NAME, tokenize.NUMBER, tokenize.OP]:
-                    if not last_string:
-                        last_string = string
-                        last_start = start
-                        last_end = end
-                    else:
-                        last_string += string
-            if last_string:
-                yield tokenize.NAME, last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line
-
-        def _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_merge=False, inside_choice=False, inside_group=False):
-            selectors = []
-            current_selector = None
-            for type, string, start, _, _ in tokens:
-                # ENCODING is only defined in python 3.x
-                if type == getattr(tokenize, 'ENCODING', None):
-                    continue
-                elif type in [tokenize.NAME, tokenize.NUMBER]:
-                    current_selector = FormatSelector(SINGLE, string, [])
-                elif type == tokenize.OP:
-                    if string == ')':
-                        if not inside_group:
-                            # ')' will be handled by the parentheses group
-                            tokens.restore_last_token()
-                        break
-                    elif inside_merge and string in ['/', ',']:
-                        tokens.restore_last_token()
-                        break
-                    elif inside_choice and string == ',':
-                        tokens.restore_last_token()
-                        break
-                    elif string == ',':
-                        if not current_selector:
-                            raise syntax_error('"," must follow a format selector', start)
-                        selectors.append(current_selector)
-                        current_selector = None
-                    elif string == '/':
-                        if not current_selector:
-                            raise syntax_error('"/" must follow a format selector', start)
-                        first_choice = current_selector
-                        second_choice = _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_choice=True)
-                        current_selector = FormatSelector(PICKFIRST, (first_choice, second_choice), [])
-                    elif string == '[':
-                        if not current_selector:
-                            current_selector = FormatSelector(SINGLE, 'best', [])
-                        format_filter = _parse_filter(tokens)
-                        current_selector.filters.append(format_filter)
-                    elif string == '(':
-                        if current_selector:
-                            raise syntax_error('Unexpected "("', start)
-                        group = _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_group=True)
-                        current_selector = FormatSelector(GROUP, group, [])
-                    elif string == '+':
-                        video_selector = current_selector
-                        audio_selector = _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_merge=True)
-                        if not video_selector or not audio_selector:
-                            raise syntax_error('"+" must be between two format selectors', start)
-                        current_selector = FormatSelector(MERGE, (video_selector, audio_selector), [])
-                    else:
-                        raise syntax_error('Operator not recognized: "{0}"'.format(string), start)
-                elif type == tokenize.ENDMARKER:
-                    break
-            if current_selector:
-                selectors.append(current_selector)
-            return selectors
-
-        def _build_selector_function(selector):
-            if isinstance(selector, list):
-                fs = [_build_selector_function(s) for s in selector]
-
-                def selector_function(ctx):
-                    for f in fs:
-                        for format in f(ctx):
-                            yield format
-                return selector_function
-            elif selector.type == GROUP:
-                selector_function = _build_selector_function(selector.selector)
-            elif selector.type == PICKFIRST:
-                fs = [_build_selector_function(s) for s in selector.selector]
-
-                def selector_function(ctx):
-                    for f in fs:
-                        picked_formats = list(f(ctx))
-                        if picked_formats:
-                            return picked_formats
-                    return []
-            elif selector.type == SINGLE:
-                format_spec = selector.selector
-
-                def selector_function(ctx):
-                    formats = list(ctx['formats'])
-                    if not formats:
-                        return
-                    if format_spec == 'all':
-                        for f in formats:
-                            yield f
-                    elif format_spec in ['best', 'worst', None]:
-                        format_idx = 0 if format_spec == 'worst' else -1
-                        audiovideo_formats = [
-                            f for f in formats
-                            if f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none']
-                        if audiovideo_formats:
-                            yield audiovideo_formats[format_idx]
-                        # for extractors with incomplete formats (audio only (soundcloud)
-                        # or video only (imgur)) we will fallback to best/worst
-                        # {video,audio}-only format
-                        elif ctx['incomplete_formats']:
-                            yield formats[format_idx]
-                    elif format_spec == 'bestaudio':
-                        audio_formats = [
-                            f for f in formats
-                            if f.get('vcodec') == 'none']
-                        if audio_formats:
-                            yield audio_formats[-1]
-                    elif format_spec == 'worstaudio':
-                        audio_formats = [
-                            f for f in formats
-                            if f.get('vcodec') == 'none']
-                        if audio_formats:
-                            yield audio_formats[0]
-                    elif format_spec == 'bestvideo':
-                        video_formats = [
-                            f for f in formats
-                            if f.get('acodec') == 'none']
-                        if video_formats:
-                            yield video_formats[-1]
-                    elif format_spec == 'worstvideo':
-                        video_formats = [
-                            f for f in formats
-                            if f.get('acodec') == 'none']
-                        if video_formats:
-                            yield video_formats[0]
-                    else:
-                        extensions = ['mp4', 'flv', 'webm', '3gp', 'm4a', 'mp3', 'ogg', 'aac', 'wav']
-                        if format_spec in extensions:
-                            filter_f = lambda f: f['ext'] == format_spec
-                        else:
-                            filter_f = lambda f: f['format_id'] == format_spec
-                        matches = list(filter(filter_f, formats))
-                        if matches:
-                            yield matches[-1]
-            elif selector.type == MERGE:
-                def _merge(formats_info):
-                    format_1, format_2 = [f['format_id'] for f in formats_info]
-                    # The first format must contain the video and the
-                    # second the audio
-                    if formats_info[0].get('vcodec') == 'none':
-                        self.report_error('The first format must '
-                                          'contain the video, try using '
-                                          '"-f %s+%s"' % (format_2, format_1))
-                        return
-                    # Formats must be opposite (video+audio)
-                    if formats_info[0].get('acodec') == 'none' and formats_info[1].get('acodec') == 'none':
-                        self.report_error(
-                            'Both formats %s and %s are video-only, you must specify "-f video+audio"'
-                            % (format_1, format_2))
-                        return
-                    output_ext = (
-                        formats_info[0]['ext']
-                        if self.params.get('merge_output_format') is None
-                        else self.params['merge_output_format'])
-                    return {
-                        'requested_formats': formats_info,
-                        'format': '%s+%s' % (formats_info[0].get('format'),
-                                             formats_info[1].get('format')),
-                        'format_id': '%s+%s' % (formats_info[0].get('format_id'),
-                                                formats_info[1].get('format_id')),
-                        'width': formats_info[0].get('width'),
-                        'height': formats_info[0].get('height'),
-                        'resolution': formats_info[0].get('resolution'),
-                        'fps': formats_info[0].get('fps'),
-                        'vcodec': formats_info[0].get('vcodec'),
-                        'vbr': formats_info[0].get('vbr'),
-                        'stretched_ratio': formats_info[0].get('stretched_ratio'),
-                        'acodec': formats_info[1].get('acodec'),
-                        'abr': formats_info[1].get('abr'),
-                        'ext': output_ext,
-                    }
-                video_selector, audio_selector = map(_build_selector_function, selector.selector)
-
-                def selector_function(ctx):
-                    for pair in itertools.product(
-                            video_selector(copy.deepcopy(ctx)), audio_selector(copy.deepcopy(ctx))):
-                        yield _merge(pair)
-
-            filters = [self._build_format_filter(f) for f in selector.filters]
-
-            def final_selector(ctx):
-                ctx_copy = copy.deepcopy(ctx)
-                for _filter in filters:
-                    ctx_copy['formats'] = list(filter(_filter, ctx_copy['formats']))
-                return selector_function(ctx_copy)
-            return final_selector
-
-        stream = io.BytesIO(format_spec.encode('utf-8'))
-        try:
-            tokens = list(_remove_unused_ops(compat_tokenize_tokenize(stream.readline)))
-        except tokenize.TokenError:
-            raise syntax_error('Missing closing/opening brackets or parenthesis', (0, len(format_spec)))
-
-        class TokenIterator(object):
-            def __init__(self, tokens):
-                self.tokens = tokens
-                self.counter = 0
-
-            def __iter__(self):
-                return self
-
-            def __next__(self):
-                if self.counter >= len(self.tokens):
-                    raise StopIteration()
-                value = self.tokens[self.counter]
-                self.counter += 1
-                return value
-
-            next = __next__
-
-            def restore_last_token(self):
-                self.counter -= 1
-
-        parsed_selector = _parse_format_selection(iter(TokenIterator(tokens)))
-        return _build_selector_function(parsed_selector)
-
-    def _calc_headers(self, info_dict):
-        res = std_headers.copy()
-
-        add_headers = info_dict.get('http_headers')
-        if add_headers:
-            res.update(add_headers)
-
-        cookies = self._calc_cookies(info_dict)
-        if cookies:
-            res['Cookie'] = cookies
-
-        if 'X-Forwarded-For' not in res:
-            x_forwarded_for_ip = info_dict.get('__x_forwarded_for_ip')
-            if x_forwarded_for_ip:
-                res['X-Forwarded-For'] = x_forwarded_for_ip
-
-        return res
-
-    def _calc_cookies(self, info_dict):
-        pr = sanitized_Request(info_dict['url'])
-        self.cookiejar.add_cookie_header(pr)
-        return pr.get_header('Cookie')
-
-    def process_video_result(self, info_dict, download=True):
-        assert info_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video'
-
-        if 'id' not in info_dict:
-            raise ExtractorError('Missing "id" field in extractor result')
-        if 'title' not in info_dict:
-            raise ExtractorError('Missing "title" field in extractor result')
-
-        def report_force_conversion(field, field_not, conversion):
-            self.report_warning(
-                '"%s" field is not %s - forcing %s conversion, there is an error in extractor'
-                % (field, field_not, conversion))
-
-        def sanitize_string_field(info, string_field):
-            field = info.get(string_field)
-            if field is None or isinstance(field, compat_str):
-                return
-            report_force_conversion(string_field, 'a string', 'string')
-            info[string_field] = compat_str(field)
-
-        def sanitize_numeric_fields(info):
-            for numeric_field in self._NUMERIC_FIELDS:
-                field = info.get(numeric_field)
-                if field is None or isinstance(field, compat_numeric_types):
-                    continue
-                report_force_conversion(numeric_field, 'numeric', 'int')
-                info[numeric_field] = int_or_none(field)
-
-        sanitize_string_field(info_dict, 'id')
-        sanitize_numeric_fields(info_dict)
-
-        if 'playlist' not in info_dict:
-            # It isn't part of a playlist
-            info_dict['playlist'] = None
-            info_dict['playlist_index'] = None
-
-        thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
-        if thumbnails is None:
-            thumbnail = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
-            if thumbnail:
-                info_dict['thumbnails'] = thumbnails = [{'url': thumbnail}]
-        if thumbnails:
-            thumbnails.sort(key=lambda t: (
-                t.get('preference') if t.get('preference') is not None else -1,
-                t.get('width') if t.get('width') is not None else -1,
-                t.get('height') if t.get('height') is not None else -1,
-                t.get('id') if t.get('id') is not None else '', t.get('url')))
-            for i, t in enumerate(thumbnails):
-                t['url'] = sanitize_url(t['url'])
-                if t.get('width') and t.get('height'):
-                    t['resolution'] = '%dx%d' % (t['width'], t['height'])
-                if t.get('id') is None:
-                    t['id'] = '%d' % i
-
-        if self.params.get('list_thumbnails'):
-            self.list_thumbnails(info_dict)
-            return
-
-        thumbnail = info_dict.get('thumbnail')
-        if thumbnail:
-            info_dict['thumbnail'] = sanitize_url(thumbnail)
-        elif thumbnails:
-            info_dict['thumbnail'] = thumbnails[-1]['url']
-
-        if 'display_id' not in info_dict and 'id' in info_dict:
-            info_dict['display_id'] = info_dict['id']
-
-        if info_dict.get('upload_date') is None and info_dict.get('timestamp') is not None:
-            # Working around out-of-range timestamp values (e.g. negative ones on Windows,
-            # see http://bugs.python.org/issue1646728)
-            try:
-                upload_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(info_dict['timestamp'])
-                info_dict['upload_date'] = upload_date.strftime('%Y%m%d')
-            except (ValueError, OverflowError, OSError):
-                pass
-
-        # Auto generate title fields corresponding to the *_number fields when missing
-        # in order to always have clean titles. This is very common for TV series.
-        for field in ('chapter', 'season', 'episode'):
-            if info_dict.get('%s_number' % field) is not None and not info_dict.get(field):
-                info_dict[field] = '%s %d' % (field.capitalize(), info_dict['%s_number' % field])
-
-        for cc_kind in ('subtitles', 'automatic_captions'):
-            cc = info_dict.get(cc_kind)
-            if cc:
-                for _, subtitle in cc.items():
-                    for subtitle_format in subtitle:
-                        if subtitle_format.get('url'):
-                            subtitle_format['url'] = sanitize_url(subtitle_format['url'])
-                        if subtitle_format.get('ext') is None:
-                            subtitle_format['ext'] = determine_ext(subtitle_format['url']).lower()
-
-        automatic_captions = info_dict.get('automatic_captions')
-        subtitles = info_dict.get('subtitles')
-
-        if self.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
-            if 'automatic_captions' in info_dict:
-                self.list_subtitles(
-                    info_dict['id'], automatic_captions, 'automatic captions')
-            self.list_subtitles(info_dict['id'], subtitles, 'subtitles')
-            return
-
-        info_dict['requested_subtitles'] = self.process_subtitles(
-            info_dict['id'], subtitles, automatic_captions)
-
-        # We now pick which formats have to be downloaded
-        if info_dict.get('formats') is None:
-            # There's only one format available
-            formats = [info_dict]
-        else:
-            formats = info_dict['formats']
-
-        if not formats:
-            raise ExtractorError('No video formats found!')
-
-        def is_wellformed(f):
-            url = f.get('url')
-            if not url:
-                self.report_warning(
-                    '"url" field is missing or empty - skipping format, '
-                    'there is an error in extractor')
-                return False
-            if isinstance(url, bytes):
-                sanitize_string_field(f, 'url')
-            return True
-
-        # Filter out malformed formats for better extraction robustness
-        formats = list(filter(is_wellformed, formats))
-
-        formats_dict = {}
-
-        # We check that all the formats have the format and format_id fields
-        for i, format in enumerate(formats):
-            sanitize_string_field(format, 'format_id')
-            sanitize_numeric_fields(format)
-            format['url'] = sanitize_url(format['url'])
-            if not format.get('format_id'):
-                format['format_id'] = compat_str(i)
-            else:
-                # Sanitize format_id from characters used in format selector expression
-                format['format_id'] = re.sub(r'[\s,/+\[\]()]', '_', format['format_id'])
-            format_id = format['format_id']
-            if format_id not in formats_dict:
-                formats_dict[format_id] = []
-            formats_dict[format_id].append(format)
-
-        # Make sure all formats have unique format_id
-        for format_id, ambiguous_formats in formats_dict.items():
-            if len(ambiguous_formats) > 1:
-                for i, format in enumerate(ambiguous_formats):
-                    format['format_id'] = '%s-%d' % (format_id, i)
-
-        for i, format in enumerate(formats):
-            if format.get('format') is None:
-                format['format'] = '{id} - {res}{note}'.format(
-                    id=format['format_id'],
-                    res=self.format_resolution(format),
-                    note=' ({0})'.format(format['format_note']) if format.get('format_note') is not None else '',
-                )
-            # Automatically determine file extension if missing
-            if format.get('ext') is None:
-                format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
-            # Automatically determine protocol if missing (useful for format
-            # selection purposes)
-            if format.get('protocol') is None:
-                format['protocol'] = determine_protocol(format)
-            # Add HTTP headers, so that external programs can use them from the
-            # json output
-            full_format_info = info_dict.copy()
-            full_format_info.update(format)
-            format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(full_format_info)
-        # Remove private housekeeping stuff
-        if '__x_forwarded_for_ip' in info_dict:
-            del info_dict['__x_forwarded_for_ip']
-
-        # TODO Central sorting goes here
-
-        if formats[0] is not info_dict:
-            # only set the 'formats' fields if the original info_dict list them
-            # otherwise we end up with a circular reference, the first (and unique)
-            # element in the 'formats' field in info_dict is info_dict itself,
-            # which can't be exported to json
-            info_dict['formats'] = formats
-        if self.params.get('listformats'):
-            self.list_formats(info_dict)
-            return
-
-        req_format = self.params.get('format')
-        if req_format is None:
-            req_format = self._default_format_spec(info_dict, download=download)
-            if self.params.get('verbose'):
-                self.to_stdout('[debug] Default format spec: %s' % req_format)
-
-        format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
-
-        # While in format selection we may need to have an access to the original
-        # format set in order to calculate some metrics or do some processing.
-        # For now we need to be able to guess whether original formats provided
-        # by extractor are incomplete or not (i.e. whether extractor provides only
-        # video-only or audio-only formats) for proper formats selection for
-        # extractors with such incomplete formats (see
-        # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/5556).
-        # Since formats may be filtered during format selection and may not match
-        # the original formats the results may be incorrect. Thus original formats
-        # or pre-calculated metrics should be passed to format selection routines
-        # as well.
-        # We will pass a context object containing all necessary additional data
-        # instead of just formats.
-        # This fixes incorrect format selection issue (see
-        # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/10083).
-        incomplete_formats = (
-            # All formats are video-only or
-            all(f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') == 'none' for f in formats) or
-            # all formats are audio-only
-            all(f.get('vcodec') == 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none' for f in formats))
-
-        ctx = {
-            'formats': formats,
-            'incomplete_formats': incomplete_formats,
-        }
-
-        formats_to_download = list(format_selector(ctx))
-        if not formats_to_download:
-            raise ExtractorError('requested format not available',
-                                 expected=True)
-
-        if download:
-            if len(formats_to_download) > 1:
-                self.to_screen('[info] %s: downloading video in %s formats' % (info_dict['id'], len(formats_to_download)))
-            for format in formats_to_download:
-                new_info = dict(info_dict)
-                new_info.update(format)
-                self.process_info(new_info)
-        # We update the info dict with the best quality format (backwards compatibility)
-        info_dict.update(formats_to_download[-1])
-        return info_dict
-
-    def process_subtitles(self, video_id, normal_subtitles, automatic_captions):
-        """Select the requested subtitles and their format"""
-        available_subs = {}
-        if normal_subtitles and self.params.get('writesubtitles'):
-            available_subs.update(normal_subtitles)
-        if automatic_captions and self.params.get('writeautomaticsub'):
-            for lang, cap_info in automatic_captions.items():
-                if lang not in available_subs:
-                    available_subs[lang] = cap_info
-
-        if (not self.params.get('writesubtitles') and not
-                self.params.get('writeautomaticsub') or not
-                available_subs):
-            return None
-
-        if self.params.get('allsubtitles', False):
-            requested_langs = available_subs.keys()
-        else:
-            if self.params.get('subtitleslangs', False):
-                requested_langs = self.params.get('subtitleslangs')
-            elif 'en' in available_subs:
-                requested_langs = ['en']
-            else:
-                requested_langs = [list(available_subs.keys())[0]]
-
-        formats_query = self.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'best')
-        formats_preference = formats_query.split('/') if formats_query else []
-        subs = {}
-        for lang in requested_langs:
-            formats = available_subs.get(lang)
-            if formats is None:
-                self.report_warning('%s subtitles not available for %s' % (lang, video_id))
-                continue
-            for ext in formats_preference:
-                if ext == 'best':
-                    f = formats[-1]
-                    break
-                matches = list(filter(lambda f: f['ext'] == ext, formats))
-                if matches:
-                    f = matches[-1]
-                    break
-            else:
-                f = formats[-1]
-                self.report_warning(
-                    'No subtitle format found matching "%s" for language %s, '
-                    'using %s' % (formats_query, lang, f['ext']))
-            subs[lang] = f
-        return subs
-
-    def process_info(self, info_dict):
-        """Process a single resolved IE result."""
-
-        assert info_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video'
-
-        max_downloads = self.params.get('max_downloads')
-        if max_downloads is not None:
-            if self._num_downloads >= int(max_downloads):
-                raise MaxDownloadsReached()
-
-        info_dict['fulltitle'] = info_dict['title']
-        if len(info_dict['title']) > 200:
-            info_dict['title'] = info_dict['title'][:197] + '...'
-
-        if 'format' not in info_dict:
-            info_dict['format'] = info_dict['ext']
-
-        reason = self._match_entry(info_dict, incomplete=False)
-        if reason is not None:
-            self.to_screen('[download] ' + reason)
-            return
-
-        self._num_downloads += 1
-
-        info_dict['_filename'] = filename = self.prepare_filename(info_dict)
-
-        # Forced printings
-        if self.params.get('forcetitle', False):
-            self.to_stdout(info_dict['fulltitle'])
-        if self.params.get('forceid', False):
-            self.to_stdout(info_dict['id'])
-        if self.params.get('forceurl', False):
-            if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
-                for f in info_dict['requested_formats']:
-                    self.to_stdout(f['url'] + f.get('play_path', ''))
-            else:
-                # For RTMP URLs, also include the playpath
-                self.to_stdout(info_dict['url'] + info_dict.get('play_path', ''))
-        if self.params.get('forcethumbnail', False) and info_dict.get('thumbnail') is not None:
-            self.to_stdout(info_dict['thumbnail'])
-        if self.params.get('forcedescription', False) and info_dict.get('description') is not None:
-            self.to_stdout(info_dict['description'])
-        if self.params.get('forcefilename', False) and filename is not None:
-            self.to_stdout(filename)
-        if self.params.get('forceduration', False) and info_dict.get('duration') is not None:
-            self.to_stdout(formatSeconds(info_dict['duration']))
-        if self.params.get('forceformat', False):
-            self.to_stdout(info_dict['format'])
-        if self.params.get('forcejson', False):
-            self.to_stdout(json.dumps(info_dict))
-
-        # Do nothing else if in simulate mode
-        if self.params.get('simulate', False):
-            return
-
-        if filename is None:
-            return
-
-        def ensure_dir_exists(path):
-            try:
-                dn = os.path.dirname(path)
-                if dn and not os.path.exists(dn):
-                    os.makedirs(dn)
-                return True
-            except (OSError, IOError) as err:
-                self.report_error('unable to create directory ' + error_to_compat_str(err))
-                return False
-
-        if not ensure_dir_exists(sanitize_path(encodeFilename(filename))):
-            return
-
-        if self.params.get('writedescription', False):
-            descfn = replace_extension(filename, 'description', info_dict.get('ext'))
-            if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(descfn)):
-                self.to_screen('[info] Video description is already present')
-            elif info_dict.get('description') is None:
-                self.report_warning('There\'s no description to write.')
-            else:
-                try:
-                    self.to_screen('[info] Writing video description to: ' + descfn)
-                    with io.open(encodeFilename(descfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
-                        descfile.write(info_dict['description'])
-                except (OSError, IOError):
-                    self.report_error('Cannot write description file ' + descfn)
-                    return
-
-        if self.params.get('writeannotations', False):
-            annofn = replace_extension(filename, 'annotations.xml', info_dict.get('ext'))
-            if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
-                self.to_screen('[info] Video annotations are already present')
-            else:
-                try:
-                    self.to_screen('[info] Writing video annotations to: ' + annofn)
-                    with io.open(encodeFilename(annofn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
-                        annofile.write(info_dict['annotations'])
-                except (KeyError, TypeError):
-                    self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
-                except (OSError, IOError):
-                    self.report_error('Cannot write annotations file: ' + annofn)
-                    return
-
-        subtitles_are_requested = any([self.params.get('writesubtitles', False),
-                                       self.params.get('writeautomaticsub')])
-
-        if subtitles_are_requested and info_dict.get('requested_subtitles'):
-            # subtitles download errors are already managed as troubles in relevant IE
-            # that way it will silently go on when used with unsupporting IE
-            subtitles = info_dict['requested_subtitles']
-            ie = self.get_info_extractor(info_dict['extractor_key'])
-            for sub_lang, sub_info in subtitles.items():
-                sub_format = sub_info['ext']
-                sub_filename = subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format)
-                if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(sub_filename)):
-                    self.to_screen('[info] Video subtitle %s.%s is already present' % (sub_lang, sub_format))
-                else:
-                    self.to_screen('[info] Writing video subtitles to: ' + sub_filename)
-                    if sub_info.get('data') is not None:
-                        try:
-                            # Use newline='' to prevent conversion of newline characters
-                            # See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/10268
-                            with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as subfile:
-                                subfile.write(sub_info['data'])
-                        except (OSError, IOError):
-                            self.report_error('Cannot write subtitles file ' + sub_filename)
-                            return
-                    else:
-                        try:
-                            sub_data = ie._request_webpage(
-                                sub_info['url'], info_dict['id'], note=False).read()
-                            with io.open(encodeFilename(sub_filename), 'wb') as subfile:
-                                subfile.write(sub_data)
-                        except (ExtractorError, IOError, OSError, ValueError) as err:
-                            self.report_warning('Unable to download subtitle for "%s": %s' %
-                                                (sub_lang, error_to_compat_str(err)))
-                            continue
-
-        if self.params.get('writeinfojson', False):
-            infofn = replace_extension(filename, 'info.json', info_dict.get('ext'))
-            if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(infofn)):
-                self.to_screen('[info] Video description metadata is already present')
-            else:
-                self.to_screen('[info] Writing video description metadata as JSON to: ' + infofn)
-                try:
-                    write_json_file(self.filter_requested_info(info_dict), infofn)
-                except (OSError, IOError):
-                    self.report_error('Cannot write metadata to JSON file ' + infofn)
-                    return
-
-        self._write_thumbnails(info_dict, filename)
-
-        if not self.params.get('skip_download', False):
-            try:
-                def dl(name, info):
-                    fd = get_suitable_downloader(info, self.params)(self, self.params)
-                    for ph in self._progress_hooks:
-                        fd.add_progress_hook(ph)
-                    if self.params.get('verbose'):
-                        self.to_stdout('[debug] Invoking downloader on %r' % info.get('url'))
-                    return fd.download(name, info)
-
-                if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
-                    downloaded = []
-                    success = True
-                    merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
-                    if not merger.available:
-                        postprocessors = []
-                        self.report_warning('You have requested multiple '
-                                            'formats but ffmpeg or avconv are not installed.'
-                                            ' The formats won\'t be merged.')
-                    else:
-                        postprocessors = [merger]
-
-                    def compatible_formats(formats):
-                        video, audio = formats
-                        # Check extension
-                        video_ext, audio_ext = video.get('ext'), audio.get('ext')
-                        if video_ext and audio_ext:
-                            COMPATIBLE_EXTS = (
-                                ('mp3', 'mp4', 'm4a', 'm4p', 'm4b', 'm4r', 'm4v', 'ismv', 'isma'),
-                                ('webm')
-                            )
-                            for exts in COMPATIBLE_EXTS:
-                                if video_ext in exts and audio_ext in exts:
-                                    return True
-                        # TODO: Check acodec/vcodec
-                        return False
-
-                    filename_real_ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1][1:]
-                    filename_wo_ext = (
-                        os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
-                        if filename_real_ext == info_dict['ext']
-                        else filename)
-                    requested_formats = info_dict['requested_formats']
-                    if self.params.get('merge_output_format') is None and not compatible_formats(requested_formats):
-                        info_dict['ext'] = 'mkv'
-                        self.report_warning(
-                            'Requested formats are incompatible for merge and will be merged into mkv.')
-                    # Ensure filename always has a correct extension for successful merge
-                    filename = '%s.%s' % (filename_wo_ext, info_dict['ext'])
-                    if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)):
-                        self.to_screen(
-                            '[download] %s has already been downloaded and '
-                            'merged' % filename)
-                    else:
-                        for f in requested_formats:
-                            new_info = dict(info_dict)
-                            new_info.update(f)
-                            fname = prepend_extension(
-                                self.prepare_filename(new_info),
-                                'f%s' % f['format_id'], new_info['ext'])
-                            if not ensure_dir_exists(fname):
-                                return
-                            downloaded.append(fname)
-                            partial_success = dl(fname, new_info)
-                            success = success and partial_success
-                        info_dict['__postprocessors'] = postprocessors
-                        info_dict['__files_to_merge'] = downloaded
-                else:
-                    # Just a single file
-                    success = dl(filename, info_dict)
-            except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-                self.report_error('unable to download video data: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
-                return
-            except (OSError, IOError) as err:
-                raise UnavailableVideoError(err)
-            except (ContentTooShortError, ) as err:
-                self.report_error('content too short (expected %s bytes and served %s)' % (err.expected, err.downloaded))
-                return
-
-            if success and filename != '-':
-                # Fixup content
-                fixup_policy = self.params.get('fixup')
-                if fixup_policy is None:
-                    fixup_policy = 'detect_or_warn'
-
-                INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE = 'Install ffmpeg or avconv to fix this automatically.'
-
-                stretched_ratio = info_dict.get('stretched_ratio')
-                if stretched_ratio is not None and stretched_ratio != 1:
-                    if fixup_policy == 'warn':
-                        self.report_warning('%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s)' % (
-                            info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio))
-                    elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
-                        stretched_pp = FFmpegFixupStretchedPP(self)
-                        if stretched_pp.available:
-                            info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
-                            info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(stretched_pp)
-                        else:
-                            self.report_warning(
-                                '%s: Non-uniform pixel ratio (%s). %s'
-                                % (info_dict['id'], stretched_ratio, INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
-                    else:
-                        assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
-
-                if (info_dict.get('requested_formats') is None and
-                        info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash'):
-                    if fixup_policy == 'warn':
-                        self.report_warning(
-                            '%s: writing DASH m4a. '
-                            'Only some players support this container.'
-                            % info_dict['id'])
-                    elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
-                        fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM4aPP(self)
-                        if fixup_pp.available:
-                            info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
-                            info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
-                        else:
-                            self.report_warning(
-                                '%s: writing DASH m4a. '
-                                'Only some players support this container. %s'
-                                % (info_dict['id'], INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
-                    else:
-                        assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
-
-                if (info_dict.get('protocol') == 'm3u8_native' or
-                        info_dict.get('protocol') == 'm3u8' and
-                        self.params.get('hls_prefer_native')):
-                    if fixup_policy == 'warn':
-                        self.report_warning('%s: malformed AAC bitstream detected.' % (
-                            info_dict['id']))
-                    elif fixup_policy == 'detect_or_warn':
-                        fixup_pp = FFmpegFixupM3u8PP(self)
-                        if fixup_pp.available:
-                            info_dict.setdefault('__postprocessors', [])
-                            info_dict['__postprocessors'].append(fixup_pp)
-                        else:
-                            self.report_warning(
-                                '%s: malformed AAC bitstream detected. %s'
-                                % (info_dict['id'], INSTALL_FFMPEG_MESSAGE))
-                    else:
-                        assert fixup_policy in ('ignore', 'never')
-
-                try:
-                    self.post_process(filename, info_dict)
-                except (PostProcessingError) as err:
-                    self.report_error('postprocessing: %s' % str(err))
-                    return
-                self.record_download_archive(info_dict)
-
-    def download(self, url_list):
-        """Download a given list of URLs."""
-        outtmpl = self.params.get('outtmpl', DEFAULT_OUTTMPL)
-        if (len(url_list) > 1 and
-                outtmpl != '-' and
-                '%' not in outtmpl and
-                self.params.get('max_downloads') != 1):
-            raise SameFileError(outtmpl)
-
-        for url in url_list:
-            try:
-                # It also downloads the videos
-                res = self.extract_info(
-                    url, force_generic_extractor=self.params.get('force_generic_extractor', False))
-            except UnavailableVideoError:
-                self.report_error('unable to download video')
-            except MaxDownloadsReached:
-                self.to_screen('[info] Maximum number of downloaded files reached.')
-                raise
-            else:
-                if self.params.get('dump_single_json', False):
-                    self.to_stdout(json.dumps(res))
-
-        return self._download_retcode
-
-    def download_with_info_file(self, info_filename):
-        with contextlib.closing(fileinput.FileInput(
-                [info_filename], mode='r',
-                openhook=fileinput.hook_encoded('utf-8'))) as f:
-            # FileInput doesn't have a read method, we can't call json.load
-            info = self.filter_requested_info(json.loads('\n'.join(f)))
-        try:
-            self.process_ie_result(info, download=True)
-        except DownloadError:
-            webpage_url = info.get('webpage_url')
-            if webpage_url is not None:
-                self.report_warning('The info failed to download, trying with "%s"' % webpage_url)
-                return self.download([webpage_url])
-            else:
-                raise
-        return self._download_retcode
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def filter_requested_info(info_dict):
-        return dict(
-            (k, v) for k, v in info_dict.items()
-            if k not in ['requested_formats', 'requested_subtitles'])
-
-    def post_process(self, filename, ie_info):
-        """Run all the postprocessors on the given file."""
-        info = dict(ie_info)
-        info['filepath'] = filename
-        pps_chain = []
-        if ie_info.get('__postprocessors') is not None:
-            pps_chain.extend(ie_info['__postprocessors'])
-        pps_chain.extend(self._pps)
-        for pp in pps_chain:
-            files_to_delete = []
-            try:
-                files_to_delete, info = pp.run(info)
-            except PostProcessingError as e:
-                self.report_error(e.msg)
-            if files_to_delete and not self.params.get('keepvideo', False):
-                for old_filename in files_to_delete:
-                    self.to_screen('Deleting original file %s (pass -k to keep)' % old_filename)
-                    try:
-                        os.remove(encodeFilename(old_filename))
-                    except (IOError, OSError):
-                        self.report_warning('Unable to remove downloaded original file')
-
-    def _make_archive_id(self, info_dict):
-        # Future-proof against any change in case
-        # and backwards compatibility with prior versions
-        extractor = info_dict.get('extractor_key')
-        if extractor is None:
-            if 'id' in info_dict:
-                extractor = info_dict.get('ie_key')  # key in a playlist
-        if extractor is None:
-            return None  # Incomplete video information
-        return extractor.lower() + ' ' + info_dict['id']
-
-    def in_download_archive(self, info_dict):
-        fn = self.params.get('download_archive')
-        if fn is None:
-            return False
-
-        vid_id = self._make_archive_id(info_dict)
-        if vid_id is None:
-            return False  # Incomplete video information
-
-        try:
-            with locked_file(fn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as archive_file:
-                for line in archive_file:
-                    if line.strip() == vid_id:
-                        return True
-        except IOError as ioe:
-            if ioe.errno != errno.ENOENT:
-                raise
-        return False
-
-    def record_download_archive(self, info_dict):
-        fn = self.params.get('download_archive')
-        if fn is None:
-            return
-        vid_id = self._make_archive_id(info_dict)
-        assert vid_id
-        with locked_file(fn, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as archive_file:
-            archive_file.write(vid_id + '\n')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def format_resolution(format, default='unknown'):
-        if format.get('vcodec') == 'none':
-            return 'audio only'
-        if format.get('resolution') is not None:
-            return format['resolution']
-        if format.get('height') is not None:
-            if format.get('width') is not None:
-                res = '%sx%s' % (format['width'], format['height'])
-            else:
-                res = '%sp' % format['height']
-        elif format.get('width') is not None:
-            res = '%dx?' % format['width']
-        else:
-            res = default
-        return res
-
-    def _format_note(self, fdict):
-        res = ''
-        if fdict.get('ext') in ['f4f', 'f4m']:
-            res += '(unsupported) '
-        if fdict.get('language'):
-            if res:
-                res += ' '
-            res += '[%s] ' % fdict['language']
-        if fdict.get('format_note') is not None:
-            res += fdict['format_note'] + ' '
-        if fdict.get('tbr') is not None:
-            res += '%4dk ' % fdict['tbr']
-        if fdict.get('container') is not None:
-            if res:
-                res += ', '
-            res += '%s container' % fdict['container']
-        if (fdict.get('vcodec') is not None and
-                fdict.get('vcodec') != 'none'):
-            if res:
-                res += ', '
-            res += fdict['vcodec']
-            if fdict.get('vbr') is not None:
-                res += '@'
-        elif fdict.get('vbr') is not None and fdict.get('abr') is not None:
-            res += 'video@'
-        if fdict.get('vbr') is not None:
-            res += '%4dk' % fdict['vbr']
-        if fdict.get('fps') is not None:
-            if res:
-                res += ', '
-            res += '%sfps' % fdict['fps']
-        if fdict.get('acodec') is not None:
-            if res:
-                res += ', '
-            if fdict['acodec'] == 'none':
-                res += 'video only'
-            else:
-                res += '%-5s' % fdict['acodec']
-        elif fdict.get('abr') is not None:
-            if res:
-                res += ', '
-            res += 'audio'
-        if fdict.get('abr') is not None:
-            res += '@%3dk' % fdict['abr']
-        if fdict.get('asr') is not None:
-            res += ' (%5dHz)' % fdict['asr']
-        if fdict.get('filesize') is not None:
-            if res:
-                res += ', '
-            res += format_bytes(fdict['filesize'])
-        elif fdict.get('filesize_approx') is not None:
-            if res:
-                res += ', '
-            res += '~' + format_bytes(fdict['filesize_approx'])
-        return res
-
-    def list_formats(self, info_dict):
-        formats = info_dict.get('formats', [info_dict])
-        table = [
-            [f['format_id'], f['ext'], self.format_resolution(f), self._format_note(f)]
-            for f in formats
-            if f.get('preference') is None or f['preference'] >= -1000]
-        if len(formats) > 1:
-            table[-1][-1] += (' ' if table[-1][-1] else '') + '(best)'
-
-        header_line = ['format code', 'extension', 'resolution', 'note']
-        self.to_screen(
-            '[info] Available formats for %s:\n%s' %
-            (info_dict['id'], render_table(header_line, table)))
-
-    def list_thumbnails(self, info_dict):
-        thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
-        if not thumbnails:
-            self.to_screen('[info] No thumbnails present for %s' % info_dict['id'])
-            return
-
-        self.to_screen(
-            '[info] Thumbnails for %s:' % info_dict['id'])
-        self.to_screen(render_table(
-            ['ID', 'width', 'height', 'URL'],
-            [[t['id'], t.get('width', 'unknown'), t.get('height', 'unknown'), t['url']] for t in thumbnails]))
-
-    def list_subtitles(self, video_id, subtitles, name='subtitles'):
-        if not subtitles:
-            self.to_screen('%s has no %s' % (video_id, name))
-            return
-        self.to_screen(
-            'Available %s for %s:' % (name, video_id))
-        self.to_screen(render_table(
-            ['Language', 'formats'],
-            [[lang, ', '.join(f['ext'] for f in reversed(formats))]
-                for lang, formats in subtitles.items()]))
-
-    def urlopen(self, req):
-        """ Start an HTTP download """
-        if isinstance(req, compat_basestring):
-            req = sanitized_Request(req)
-        return self._opener.open(req, timeout=self._socket_timeout)
-
-    def print_debug_header(self):
-        if not self.params.get('verbose'):
-            return
-
-        if type('') is not compat_str:
-            # Python 2.6 on SLES11 SP1 (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/3326)
-            self.report_warning(
-                'Your Python is broken! Update to a newer and supported version')
-
-        stdout_encoding = getattr(
-            sys.stdout, 'encoding', 'missing (%s)' % type(sys.stdout).__name__)
-        encoding_str = (
-            '[debug] Encodings: locale %s, fs %s, out %s, pref %s\n' % (
-                locale.getpreferredencoding(),
-                sys.getfilesystemencoding(),
-                stdout_encoding,
-                self.get_encoding()))
-        write_string(encoding_str, encoding=None)
-
-        self._write_string('[debug] youtube-dl version ' + __version__ + '\n')
-        if _LAZY_LOADER:
-            self._write_string('[debug] Lazy loading extractors enabled' + '\n')
-        try:
-            sp = subprocess.Popen(
-                ['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'],
-                stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-                cwd=os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-            out, err = sp.communicate()
-            out = out.decode().strip()
-            if re.match('[0-9a-f]+', out):
-                self._write_string('[debug] Git HEAD: ' + out + '\n')
-        except Exception:
-            try:
-                sys.exc_clear()
-            except Exception:
-                pass
-
-        def python_implementation():
-            impl_name = platform.python_implementation()
-            if impl_name == 'PyPy' and hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'):
-                return impl_name + ' version %d.%d.%d' % sys.pypy_version_info[:3]
-            return impl_name
-
-        self._write_string('[debug] Python version %s (%s) - %s\n' % (
-            platform.python_version(), python_implementation(),
-            platform_name()))
-
-        exe_versions = FFmpegPostProcessor.get_versions(self)
-        exe_versions['rtmpdump'] = rtmpdump_version()
-        exe_versions['phantomjs'] = PhantomJSwrapper._version()
-        exe_str = ', '.join(
-            '%s %s' % (exe, v)
-            for exe, v in sorted(exe_versions.items())
-            if v
-        )
-        if not exe_str:
-            exe_str = 'none'
-        self._write_string('[debug] exe versions: %s\n' % exe_str)
-
-        proxy_map = {}
-        for handler in self._opener.handlers:
-            if hasattr(handler, 'proxies'):
-                proxy_map.update(handler.proxies)
-        self._write_string('[debug] Proxy map: ' + compat_str(proxy_map) + '\n')
-
-        if self.params.get('call_home', False):
-            ipaddr = self.urlopen('https://yt-dl.org/ip').read().decode('utf-8')
-            self._write_string('[debug] Public IP address: %s\n' % ipaddr)
-            latest_version = self.urlopen(
-                'https://yt-dl.org/latest/version').read().decode('utf-8')
-            if version_tuple(latest_version) > version_tuple(__version__):
-                self.report_warning(
-                    'You are using an outdated version (newest version: %s)! '
-                    'See https://yt-dl.org/update if you need help updating.' %
-                    latest_version)
-
-    def _setup_opener(self):
-        timeout_val = self.params.get('socket_timeout')
-        self._socket_timeout = 600 if timeout_val is None else float(timeout_val)
-
-        opts_cookiefile = self.params.get('cookiefile')
-        opts_proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
-
-        if opts_cookiefile is None:
-            self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.CookieJar()
-        else:
-            opts_cookiefile = expand_path(opts_cookiefile)
-            self.cookiejar = compat_cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar(
-                opts_cookiefile)
-            if os.access(opts_cookiefile, os.R_OK):
-                self.cookiejar.load()
-
-        cookie_processor = YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(self.cookiejar)
-        if opts_proxy is not None:
-            if opts_proxy == '':
-                proxies = {}
-            else:
-                proxies = {'http': opts_proxy, 'https': opts_proxy}
-        else:
-            proxies = compat_urllib_request.getproxies()
-            # Set HTTPS proxy to HTTP one if given (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/805)
-            if 'http' in proxies and 'https' not in proxies:
-                proxies['https'] = proxies['http']
-        proxy_handler = PerRequestProxyHandler(proxies)
-
-        debuglevel = 1 if self.params.get('debug_printtraffic') else 0
-        https_handler = make_HTTPS_handler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
-        ydlh = YoutubeDLHandler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
-        data_handler = compat_urllib_request_DataHandler()
-
-        # When passing our own FileHandler instance, build_opener won't add the
-        # default FileHandler and allows us to disable the file protocol, which
-        # can be used for malicious purposes (see
-        # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/8227)
-        file_handler = compat_urllib_request.FileHandler()
-
-        def file_open(*args, **kwargs):
-            raise compat_urllib_error.URLError('file:// scheme is explicitly disabled in youtube-dl for security reasons')
-        file_handler.file_open = file_open
-
-        opener = compat_urllib_request.build_opener(
-            proxy_handler, https_handler, cookie_processor, ydlh, data_handler, file_handler)
-
-        # Delete the default user-agent header, which would otherwise apply in
-        # cases where our custom HTTP handler doesn't come into play
-        # (See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1309 for details)
-        opener.addheaders = []
-        self._opener = opener
-
-    def encode(self, s):
-        if isinstance(s, bytes):
-            return s  # Already encoded
-
-        try:
-            return s.encode(self.get_encoding())
-        except UnicodeEncodeError as err:
-            err.reason = err.reason + '. Check your system encoding configuration or use the --encoding option.'
-            raise
-
-    def get_encoding(self):
-        encoding = self.params.get('encoding')
-        if encoding is None:
-            encoding = preferredencoding()
-        return encoding
-
-    def _write_thumbnails(self, info_dict, filename):
-        if self.params.get('writethumbnail', False):
-            thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
-            if thumbnails:
-                thumbnails = [thumbnails[-1]]
-        elif self.params.get('write_all_thumbnails', False):
-            thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails')
-        else:
-            return
-
-        if not thumbnails:
-            # No thumbnails present, so return immediately
-            return
-
-        for t in thumbnails:
-            thumb_ext = determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
-            suffix = '_%s' % t['id'] if len(thumbnails) > 1 else ''
-            thumb_display_id = '%s ' % t['id'] if len(thumbnails) > 1 else ''
-            t['filename'] = thumb_filename = os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + suffix + '.' + thumb_ext
-
-            if self.params.get('nooverwrites', False) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(thumb_filename)):
-                self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Thumbnail %sis already present' %
-                               (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id))
-            else:
-                self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Downloading thumbnail %s...' %
-                               (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id))
-                try:
-                    uf = self.urlopen(t['url'])
-                    with open(encodeFilename(thumb_filename), 'wb') as thumbf:
-                        shutil.copyfileobj(uf, thumbf)
-                    self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Writing thumbnail %sto: %s' %
-                                   (info_dict['extractor'], info_dict['id'], thumb_display_id, thumb_filename))
-                except (compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error) as err:
-                    self.report_warning('Unable to download thumbnail "%s": %s' %
-                                        (t['url'], error_to_compat_str(err)))