import base64 from youtube import (util, yt_data_extract, local_playlist, subscriptions, playlist) from youtube import yt_app import settings import urllib import json from string import Template import youtube.proto as proto import html import math import gevent import re import cachetools.func import traceback import flask from flask import request headers_desktop = ( ('Accept', '*/*'), ('Accept-Language', 'en-US,en;q=0.5'), ('X-YouTube-Client-Name', '1'), ('X-YouTube-Client-Version', '2.20180830'), ) + util.desktop_ua headers_mobile = ( ('Accept', '*/*'), ('Accept-Language', 'en-US,en;q=0.5'), ('X-YouTube-Client-Name', '2'), ('X-YouTube-Client-Version', '2.20180830'), ) + util.mobile_ua real_cookie = (('Cookie', 'VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE=8XihrAcN1l4'),) generic_cookie = (('Cookie', 'VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE=ST1Ti53r4fU'),) # FIXED 2026: YouTube changed continuation token structure (from Invidious commit a9f8127) # Sort values for YouTube API (from Invidious): 2=popular, 4=newest, 5=oldest def channel_ctoken_v5(channel_id, page, sort, tab, view=1): # Map sort values to YouTube API values (Invidious values) # Input: sort=3 (newest), sort=4 (newest no shorts) # YouTube expects: 4=newest sort_mapping = {'1': 2, '2': 5, '3': 4, '4': 4} # 4 is newest without shorts new_sort = sort_mapping.get(sort, 4) offset = 30*(int(page) - 1) # Build continuation token using Invidious structure # The structure is: base64(protobuf({ # 80226972: { # 2: channel_id, # 3: base64(protobuf({ # 110: { # 3: { # tab: { # 1: { # 1: base64(protobuf({ # 1: base64(protobuf({ # 2: "ST:" + base64(offset_varint) # })) # })) # }, # 2: base64(protobuf({1: UUID})) # 4: sort_value # 8: base64(protobuf({ # 1: UUID # 3: sort_value # })) # } # } # } # })) # } # })) # UUID placeholder uuid_proto = proto.string(1, "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000") # Offset encoding offset_varint = proto.uint(1, offset) offset_encoded = proto.string(2, proto.unpadded_b64encode(offset_varint)) offset_wrapper = proto.string(1, proto.unpadded_b64encode(offset_encoded)) offset_base = proto.string(1, proto.unpadded_b64encode(offset_wrapper)) # Sort value varint sort_varint = proto.uint(4, new_sort) # Embedded message with UUID and sort embedded_inner = uuid_proto + proto.uint(3, new_sort) embedded_encoded = proto.string(8, proto.unpadded_b64encode(embedded_inner)) # Combine: uuid_wrapper + sort_varint + embedded tab_inner_content = offset_base + uuid_proto + sort_varint + embedded_encoded tab_inner = proto.string(1, proto.unpadded_b64encode(tab_inner_content)) tab_wrapper = proto.string(tab, tab_inner) inner_container = proto.string(3, tab_wrapper) outer_container = proto.string(110, inner_container) encoded_inner = proto.percent_b64encode(outer_container) pointless_nest = proto.string(80226972, proto.string(2, channel_id) + proto.string(3, encoded_inner) ) return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(pointless_nest).decode('ascii') def channel_about_ctoken(channel_id): return proto.make_protobuf( ('base64p', [ [2, 80226972, [ [2, 2, channel_id], [2, 3, ('base64p', [ [2, 110, [ [2, 3, [ [2, 19, [ [2, 1, b'66b0e9e9-0000-2820-9589-582429a83980'], ] ], ] ], ] ], ] ) ], ] ], ] ) ) # https://github.com/user234683/youtube-local/issues/151 def channel_ctoken_v4(channel_id, page, sort, tab, view=1): new_sort = (2 if int(sort) == 1 else 1) offset = str(30*(int(page) - 1)) pointless_nest = proto.string(80226972, proto.string(2, channel_id) + proto.string(3, proto.percent_b64encode( proto.string(110, proto.string(3, proto.string(15, proto.string(1, proto.string(1, proto.unpadded_b64encode( proto.string(1, proto.unpadded_b64encode( proto.string(2, b"ST:" + proto.unpadded_b64encode( proto.string(2, offset) ) ) ) ) ) ) # targetId, just needs to be present but # doesn't need to be correct + proto.string(2, "63faaff0-0000-23fe-80f0-582429d11c38") ) # 1 - newest, 2 - popular + proto.uint(3, new_sort) ) ) ) ) ) ) return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(pointless_nest).decode('ascii') # SORT: # videos: # Newest - 3 # Last video added - 4 # view: # grid: 0 or 1 # list: 2 def channel_ctoken_v3(channel_id, page, sort, tab, view=1): # page > 1 doesn't work when sorting by oldest offset = 30*(int(page) - 1) page_token = proto.string(61, proto.unpadded_b64encode( proto.string(1, proto.unpadded_b64encode(proto.uint(1,offset))) )) tab = proto.string(2, tab) sort = proto.uint(3, int(sort)) shelf_view = proto.uint(4, 0) view = proto.uint(6, int(view)) continuation_info = proto.string(3, proto.percent_b64encode(tab + sort + shelf_view + view + page_token) ) channel_id = proto.string(2, channel_id) pointless_nest = proto.string(80226972, channel_id + continuation_info) return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(pointless_nest).decode('ascii') def channel_ctoken_v2(channel_id, page, sort, tab, view=1): # see https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/issues/1319#issuecomment-671732646 # page > 1 doesn't work when sorting by oldest offset = 30*(int(page) - 1) schema_number = { 3: 6307666885028338688, 2: 17254859483345278706, 1: 16570086088270825023, }[int(sort)] page_token = proto.string(61, proto.unpadded_b64encode(proto.string(1, proto.uint(1, schema_number) + proto.string(2, proto.string(1, proto.unpadded_b64encode(proto.uint(1,offset))) ) ))) tab = proto.string(2, tab) sort = proto.uint(3, int(sort)) #page = proto.string(15, str(page)) shelf_view = proto.uint(4, 0) view = proto.uint(6, int(view)) continuation_info = proto.string( 3, proto.percent_b64encode(tab + sort + shelf_view + view + page_token) ) channel_id = proto.string(2, channel_id) pointless_nest = proto.string(80226972, channel_id + continuation_info) return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(pointless_nest).decode('ascii') def channel_ctoken_v1(channel_id, page, sort, tab, view=1): tab = proto.string(2, tab) sort = proto.uint(3, int(sort)) page = proto.string(15, str(page)) # example with shelves in videos tab: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNL1ZadSjHpjm4q9j2sVtOA/videos shelf_view = proto.uint(4, 0) view = proto.uint(6, int(view)) continuation_info = proto.string(3, proto.percent_b64encode(tab + view + sort + shelf_view + page + proto.uint(23, 0)) ) channel_id = proto.string(2, channel_id) pointless_nest = proto.string(80226972, channel_id + continuation_info) return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(pointless_nest).decode('ascii') def get_channel_tab(channel_id, page="1", sort=3, tab='videos', view=1, ctoken=None, print_status=True): message = 'Got channel tab' if print_status else None if not ctoken: if tab in ('videos', 'shorts', 'streams'): ctoken = channel_ctoken_v5(channel_id, page, sort, tab, view) else: ctoken = channel_ctoken_v3(channel_id, page, sort, tab, view) ctoken = ctoken.replace('=', '%3D') # Not sure what the purpose of the key is or whether it will change # For now it seems to be constant for the API endpoint, not dependent # on the browsing session or channel key = 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8' url = 'https://www.youtube.com/youtubei/v1/browse?key=' + key data = { 'context': { 'client': { 'hl': 'en', 'gl': 'US', 'clientName': 'WEB', 'clientVersion': '2.20240327.00.00', }, }, 'continuation': ctoken, } content_type_header = (('Content-Type', 'application/json'),) content = util.fetch_url( url, headers_desktop + content_type_header, data=json.dumps(data), debug_name='channel_tab', report_text=message) return content # cache entries expire after 30 minutes number_of_videos_cache = cachetools.TTLCache(128, 30*60) @cachetools.cached(number_of_videos_cache) def get_number_of_videos_channel(channel_id): if channel_id is None: return 1000 # Uploads playlist playlist_id = 'UU' + channel_id[2:] url = 'https://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=' + playlist_id + '&pbj=1' try: response = util.fetch_url(url, headers_mobile, debug_name='number_of_videos', report_text='Got number of videos') except (urllib.error.HTTPError, util.FetchError) as e: traceback.print_exc() print("Couldn't retrieve number of videos") return 1000 response = response.decode('utf-8') # match = re.search(r'"numVideosText":\s*{\s*"runs":\s*\[{"text":\s*"([\d,]*) videos"', response) match = re.search(r'"numVideosText".*?([,\d]+)', response) if match: return int(match.group(1).replace(',','')) else: return 0 def set_cached_number_of_videos(channel_id, num_videos): @cachetools.cached(number_of_videos_cache) def dummy_func_using_same_cache(channel_id): return num_videos dummy_func_using_same_cache(channel_id) channel_id_re = re.compile(r'videos\.xml\?channel_id=([a-zA-Z0-9_-]{24})"') @cachetools.func.lru_cache(maxsize=128) def get_channel_id(base_url): # method that gives the smallest possible response at ~4 kb # needs to be as fast as possible base_url = base_url.replace('https://www', 'https://m') # avoid redirect response = util.fetch_url(base_url + '/about?pbj=1', headers_mobile, debug_name='get_channel_id', report_text='Got channel id').decode('utf-8') match = channel_id_re.search(response) if match: return match.group(1) return None metadata_cache = cachetools.LRUCache(128) @cachetools.cached(metadata_cache) def get_metadata(channel_id): base_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/' + channel_id polymer_json = util.fetch_url(base_url + '/about?pbj=1', headers_desktop, debug_name='gen_channel_about', report_text='Retrieved channel metadata') info = yt_data_extract.extract_channel_info(json.loads(polymer_json), 'about', continuation=False) return extract_metadata_for_caching(info) def set_cached_metadata(channel_id, metadata): @cachetools.cached(metadata_cache) def dummy_func_using_same_cache(channel_id): return metadata dummy_func_using_same_cache(channel_id) def extract_metadata_for_caching(channel_info): metadata = {} for key in ('approx_subscriber_count', 'short_description', 'channel_name', 'avatar'): metadata[key] = channel_info[key] return metadata def get_number_of_videos_general(base_url): return get_number_of_videos_channel(get_channel_id(base_url)) def get_channel_search_json(channel_id, query, page): offset = proto.unpadded_b64encode(proto.uint(3, (page-1)*30)) params = proto.string(2, 'search') + proto.string(15, offset) params = proto.percent_b64encode(params) ctoken = proto.string(2, channel_id) + proto.string(3, params) + proto.string(11, query) ctoken = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(proto.nested(80226972, ctoken)).decode('ascii') key = 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8' url = 'https://www.youtube.com/youtubei/v1/browse?key=' + key data = { 'context': { 'client': { 'hl': 'en', 'gl': 'US', 'clientName': 'WEB', 'clientVersion': '2.20240327.00.00', }, }, 'continuation': ctoken, } content_type_header = (('Content-Type', 'application/json'),) polymer_json = util.fetch_url( url, headers_desktop + content_type_header, data=json.dumps(data), debug_name='channel_search') return polymer_json def post_process_channel_info(info): info['avatar'] = util.prefix_url(info['avatar']) info['channel_url'] = util.prefix_url(info['channel_url']) for item in info['items']: # For playlists, use first_video_id for thumbnail, not playlist id if item.get('type') == 'playlist' and item.get('first_video_id'): item['thumbnail'] = "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/{}/hq720.jpg".format(item['first_video_id']) elif item.get('type') == 'video': item['thumbnail'] = "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/{}/hq720.jpg".format(item['id']) # For channels and other types, keep existing thumbnail util.prefix_urls(item) util.add_extra_html_info(item) if info['current_tab'] == 'about': for i, (text, url) in enumerate(info['links']): if isinstance(url, str) and util.YOUTUBE_URL_RE.fullmatch(url): info['links'][i] = (text, util.prefix_url(url)) def get_channel_first_page(base_url=None, tab='videos', channel_id=None, sort=None): if channel_id: base_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/' + channel_id # Build URL with sort parameter # YouTube URL sort params: p=popular, dd=newest, lad=newest no shorts # Note: 'da' (oldest) was removed by YouTube in January 2026 url = base_url + '/' + tab + '?pbj=1&view=0' if sort: # Map sort values to YouTube's URL parameter values sort_map = {'3': 'dd', '4': 'lad'} url += '&sort=' + sort_map.get(sort, 'dd') return util.fetch_url(url, headers_desktop, debug_name='gen_channel_' + tab) playlist_sort_codes = {'2': "da", '3': "dd", '4': "lad"} # youtube.com/[channel_id]/[tab] # youtube.com/user/[username]/[tab] # youtube.com/c/[custom]/[tab] # youtube.com/[custom]/[tab] def get_channel_page_general_url(base_url, tab, request, channel_id=None): page_number = int(request.args.get('page', 1)) # sort 1: views # sort 2: oldest # sort 4: newest - no shorts (Just a kludge on our end, not internal to yt) default_sort = '3' if settings.include_shorts_in_channel else '4' sort = request.args.get('sort', default_sort) view = request.args.get('view', '1') query = request.args.get('query', '') ctoken = request.args.get('ctoken', '') include_shorts = (sort != '4') default_params = (page_number == 1 and sort in ('3', '4') and view == '1') continuation = bool(ctoken) # whether or not we're using a continuation page_size = 30 try_channel_api = True polymer_json = None # Use the special UU playlist which contains all the channel's uploads if tab == 'videos' and sort in ('3', '4'): if not channel_id: channel_id = get_channel_id(base_url) if page_number == 1 and include_shorts: tasks = ( gevent.spawn(playlist.playlist_first_page, 'UU' + channel_id[2:], report_text='Retrieved channel videos'), gevent.spawn(get_metadata, channel_id), ) gevent.joinall(tasks) util.check_gevent_exceptions(*tasks) # Ignore the metadata for now, it is cached and will be # recalled later pl_json = tasks[0].value pl_info = yt_data_extract.extract_playlist_info(pl_json) number_of_videos = pl_info['metadata']['video_count'] if number_of_videos is None: number_of_videos = 1000 else: set_cached_number_of_videos(channel_id, number_of_videos) else: tasks = ( gevent.spawn(playlist.get_videos, 'UU' + channel_id[2:], page_number, include_shorts=include_shorts), gevent.spawn(get_metadata, channel_id), gevent.spawn(get_number_of_videos_channel, channel_id), ) gevent.joinall(tasks) util.check_gevent_exceptions(*tasks) pl_json = tasks[0].value pl_info = yt_data_extract.extract_playlist_info(pl_json) number_of_videos = tasks[2].value info = pl_info info['channel_id'] = channel_id info['current_tab'] = 'videos' if info['items']: # Success page_size = 100 try_channel_api = False else: # Try the first-page method next try_channel_api = True # Use the regular channel API if tab in ('shorts', 'streams') or (tab=='videos' and try_channel_api): if channel_id: num_videos_call = (get_number_of_videos_channel, channel_id) else: num_videos_call = (get_number_of_videos_general, base_url) # For page 1, use the first-page method which won't break # Pass sort parameter directly (2=oldest, 3=newest, etc.) if page_number == 1: # Always use first-page method for page 1 with sort parameter page_call = (get_channel_first_page, base_url, tab, None, sort) else: # For page 2+, we can't paginate without continuation tokens # This is a YouTube limitation, not our bug flask.abort(404, 'Pagination not available for this sort option. YouTube removed this feature.') tasks = ( gevent.spawn(*num_videos_call), gevent.spawn(*page_call), ) gevent.joinall(tasks) util.check_gevent_exceptions(*tasks) number_of_videos, polymer_json = tasks[0].value, tasks[1].value elif tab == 'about': # polymer_json = util.fetch_url(base_url + '/about?pbj=1', headers_desktop, debug_name='gen_channel_about') channel_id = get_channel_id(base_url) ctoken = channel_about_ctoken(channel_id) polymer_json = util.call_youtube_api('web', 'browse', { 'continuation': ctoken, }) continuation=True elif tab == 'playlists' and page_number == 1: # Use youtubei API instead of deprecated pbj=1 format if not channel_id: channel_id = get_channel_id(base_url) ctoken = channel_ctoken_v3(channel_id, page='1', sort=sort, tab='playlists', view=view) polymer_json = util.call_youtube_api('web', 'browse', { 'continuation': ctoken, }) continuation = True elif tab == 'playlists': polymer_json = get_channel_tab(channel_id, page_number, sort, 'playlists', view) continuation = True elif tab == 'search' and channel_id: polymer_json = get_channel_search_json(channel_id, query, page_number) elif tab == 'search': url = base_url + '/search?pbj=1&query=' + urllib.parse.quote(query, safe='') polymer_json = util.fetch_url(url, headers_desktop, debug_name='gen_channel_search') elif tab == 'videos': pass else: flask.abort(404, 'Unknown channel tab: ' + tab) if polymer_json is not None: info = yt_data_extract.extract_channel_info( json.loads(polymer_json), tab, continuation=continuation ) if info['error'] is not None: return flask.render_template('error.html', error_message=info['error']) if channel_id: info['channel_url'] = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/' + channel_id info['channel_id'] = channel_id else: channel_id = info['channel_id'] # Will have microformat present, cache metadata while we have it if channel_id and default_params and tab not in ('videos', 'about'): metadata = extract_metadata_for_caching(info) set_cached_metadata(channel_id, metadata) # Otherwise, populate with our (hopefully cached) metadata elif channel_id and info.get('channel_name') is None: metadata = get_metadata(channel_id) for key, value in metadata.items(): yt_data_extract.conservative_update(info, key, value) # need to add this metadata to the videos/playlists additional_info = { 'author': info['channel_name'], 'author_id': info['channel_id'], 'author_url': info['channel_url'], } for item in info['items']: item.update(additional_info) if tab in ('videos', 'shorts', 'streams'): info['number_of_videos'] = number_of_videos info['number_of_pages'] = math.ceil(number_of_videos/page_size) info['header_playlist_names'] = local_playlist.get_playlist_names() if tab in ('videos', 'shorts', 'streams', 'playlists'): info['current_sort'] = sort elif tab == 'search': info['search_box_value'] = query info['header_playlist_names'] = local_playlist.get_playlist_names() if tab in ('search', 'playlists'): info['page_number'] = page_number info['subscribed'] = subscriptions.is_subscribed(info['channel_id']) post_process_channel_info(info) return flask.render_template('channel.html', parameters_dictionary = request.args, **info ) @yt_app.route('/channel//') @yt_app.route('/channel//') def get_channel_page(channel_id, tab='videos'): return get_channel_page_general_url('https://www.youtube.com/channel/' + channel_id, tab, request, channel_id) @yt_app.route('/user//') @yt_app.route('/user//') def get_user_page(username, tab='videos'): return get_channel_page_general_url('https://www.youtube.com/user/' + username, tab, request) @yt_app.route('/c//') @yt_app.route('/c//') def get_custom_c_page(custom, tab='videos'): return get_channel_page_general_url('https://www.youtube.com/c/' + custom, tab, request) @yt_app.route('/') @yt_app.route('//') def get_toplevel_custom_page(custom, tab='videos'): return get_channel_page_general_url('https://www.youtube.com/' + custom, tab, request)