From 2db58930a6f8c955c4d437657bd07e2939a705f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: James Taylor Date: Sun, 16 Jun 2019 16:16:03 -0700 Subject: Convert watch page to flask framework --- python/click/__init__.py | 97 + python/click/_bashcomplete.py | 293 +++ python/click/_compat.py | 703 ++++++ python/click/_termui_impl.py | 621 ++++++ python/click/_textwrap.py | 38 + python/click/_unicodefun.py | 125 ++ python/click/_winconsole.py | 307 +++ python/click/core.py | 1856 +++++++++++++++ python/click/decorators.py | 311 +++ python/click/exceptions.py | 235 ++ python/click/formatting.py | 256 +++ python/click/globals.py | 48 + python/click/parser.py | 427 ++++ python/click/termui.py | 606 +++++ python/click/testing.py | 374 ++++ python/click/types.py | 668 ++++++ python/click/utils.py | 440 ++++ python/flask/__init__.py | 49 + python/flask/__main__.py | 14 + python/flask/_compat.py | 101 + python/flask/app.py | 2334 +++++++++++++++++++ python/flask/blueprints.py | 447 ++++ python/flask/cli.py | 910 ++++++++ python/flask/config.py | 269 +++ python/flask/ctx.py | 457 ++++ python/flask/debughelpers.py | 168 ++ python/flask/globals.py | 61 + python/flask/helpers.py | 1051 +++++++++ python/flask/json/__init__.py | 357 +++ python/flask/json/tag.py | 300 +++ python/flask/logging.py | 78 + python/flask/sessions.py | 385 ++++ python/flask/signals.py | 57 + python/flask/templating.py | 150 ++ python/flask/testing.py | 246 ++ python/flask/views.py | 158 ++ python/flask/wrappers.py | 216 ++ python/itsdangerous/__init__.py | 22 + python/itsdangerous/_compat.py | 46 + python/itsdangerous/_json.py | 18 + python/itsdangerous/encoding.py | 49 + python/itsdangerous/exc.py | 98 + python/itsdangerous/jws.py | 218 ++ python/itsdangerous/serializer.py | 233 ++ python/itsdangerous/signer.py | 179 ++ python/itsdangerous/timed.py | 147 ++ python/itsdangerous/url_safe.py | 65 + python/jinja2/__init__.py | 83 + python/jinja2/_compat.py | 99 + python/jinja2/_identifier.py | 2 + python/jinja2/asyncfilters.py | 146 ++ python/jinja2/asyncsupport.py | 256 +++ python/jinja2/bccache.py | 362 +++ python/jinja2/compiler.py | 1721 ++++++++++++++ python/jinja2/constants.py | 32 + python/jinja2/debug.py | 372 ++++ python/jinja2/defaults.py | 56 + python/jinja2/environment.py | 1276 +++++++++++ python/jinja2/exceptions.py | 146 ++ python/jinja2/ext.py | 627 ++++++ python/jinja2/filters.py | 1190 ++++++++++ python/jinja2/idtracking.py | 286 +++ python/jinja2/lexer.py | 739 ++++++ python/jinja2/loaders.py | 481 ++++ python/jinja2/meta.py | 106 + python/jinja2/nativetypes.py | 220 ++ python/jinja2/nodes.py | 999 +++++++++ python/jinja2/optimizer.py | 49 + python/jinja2/parser.py | 903 ++++++++ python/jinja2/runtime.py | 813 +++++++ python/jinja2/sandbox.py | 486 ++++ python/jinja2/tests.py | 175 ++ python/jinja2/utils.py | 647 ++++++ python/jinja2/visitor.py | 87 + python/markupsafe/__init__.py | 305 +++ python/markupsafe/_compat.py | 26 + python/markupsafe/_constants.py | 267 +++ python/markupsafe/_native.py | 46 + python/markupsafe/_speedups.c | 239 ++ python/werkzeug/__init__.py | 233 ++ python/werkzeug/_compat.py | 219 ++ python/werkzeug/_internal.py | 484 ++++ python/werkzeug/_reloader.py | 334 +++ python/werkzeug/contrib/__init__.py | 16 + python/werkzeug/contrib/atom.py | 362 +++ python/werkzeug/contrib/cache.py | 933 ++++++++ python/werkzeug/contrib/fixers.py | 262 +++ python/werkzeug/contrib/iterio.py | 358 +++ python/werkzeug/contrib/lint.py | 11 + python/werkzeug/contrib/profiler.py | 42 + python/werkzeug/contrib/securecookie.py | 362 +++ python/werkzeug/contrib/sessions.py | 389 ++++ python/werkzeug/contrib/wrappers.py | 385 ++++ python/werkzeug/datastructures.py | 2852 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ python/werkzeug/exceptions.py | 774 +++++++ python/werkzeug/filesystem.py | 64 + python/werkzeug/formparser.py | 586 +++++ python/werkzeug/http.py | 1303 +++++++++++ python/werkzeug/local.py | 421 ++++ python/werkzeug/middleware/__init__.py | 25 + python/werkzeug/middleware/dispatcher.py | 66 + python/werkzeug/middleware/http_proxy.py | 219 ++ python/werkzeug/middleware/lint.py | 408 ++++ python/werkzeug/middleware/profiler.py | 132 ++ python/werkzeug/middleware/proxy_fix.py | 228 ++ python/werkzeug/middleware/shared_data.py | 260 +++ python/werkzeug/posixemulation.py | 117 + python/werkzeug/routing.py | 2026 +++++++++++++++++ python/werkzeug/security.py | 241 ++ python/werkzeug/serving.py | 1074 +++++++++ python/werkzeug/test.py | 1146 ++++++++++ python/werkzeug/testapp.py | 241 ++ python/werkzeug/urls.py | 1134 ++++++++++ python/werkzeug/useragents.py | 220 ++ python/werkzeug/utils.py | 836 +++++++ python/werkzeug/wrappers/__init__.py | 36 + python/werkzeug/wrappers/accept.py | 50 + python/werkzeug/wrappers/auth.py | 33 + python/werkzeug/wrappers/base_request.py | 693 ++++++ python/werkzeug/wrappers/base_response.py | 702 ++++++ python/werkzeug/wrappers/common_descriptors.py | 322 +++ python/werkzeug/wrappers/etag.py | 304 +++ python/werkzeug/wrappers/json.py | 145 ++ python/werkzeug/wrappers/request.py | 44 + python/werkzeug/wrappers/response.py | 78 + python/werkzeug/wrappers/user_agent.py | 15 + python/werkzeug/wsgi.py | 1067 +++++++++ server.py | 19 +- youtube/__init__.py | 2 + youtube/comments.css | 129 -- youtube/favicon.ico | Bin 5694 -> 0 bytes youtube/shared.css | 372 ---- youtube/static/comments.css | 129 ++ youtube/static/favicon.ico | Bin 0 -> 5694 bytes youtube/static/shared.css | 372 ++++ youtube/templates/error.html | 17 + youtube/templates/watch.html | 222 ++ youtube/watch.py | 458 ++-- youtube/youtube.py | 105 - yt_watch_template.html | 204 -- 140 files changed, 52702 insertions(+), 1109 deletions(-) create mode 100644 python/click/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/click/_bashcomplete.py create mode 100644 python/click/_compat.py create mode 100644 python/click/_termui_impl.py create mode 100644 python/click/_textwrap.py create mode 100644 python/click/_unicodefun.py create mode 100644 python/click/_winconsole.py create mode 100644 python/click/core.py create mode 100644 python/click/decorators.py create mode 100644 python/click/exceptions.py create mode 100644 python/click/formatting.py create mode 100644 python/click/globals.py create mode 100644 python/click/parser.py create mode 100644 python/click/termui.py create mode 100644 python/click/testing.py create mode 100644 python/click/types.py create mode 100644 python/click/utils.py create mode 100644 python/flask/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/flask/__main__.py create mode 100644 python/flask/_compat.py create mode 100644 python/flask/app.py create mode 100644 python/flask/blueprints.py create mode 100644 python/flask/cli.py create mode 100644 python/flask/config.py create mode 100644 python/flask/ctx.py create mode 100644 python/flask/debughelpers.py create mode 100644 python/flask/globals.py create mode 100644 python/flask/helpers.py create mode 100644 python/flask/json/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/flask/json/tag.py create mode 100644 python/flask/logging.py create mode 100644 python/flask/sessions.py create mode 100644 python/flask/signals.py create mode 100644 python/flask/templating.py create mode 100644 python/flask/testing.py create mode 100644 python/flask/views.py create mode 100644 python/flask/wrappers.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/_compat.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/_json.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/encoding.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/exc.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/jws.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/serializer.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/signer.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/timed.py create mode 100644 python/itsdangerous/url_safe.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/_compat.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/_identifier.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/asyncfilters.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/asyncsupport.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/bccache.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/compiler.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/constants.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/debug.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/defaults.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/environment.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/exceptions.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/ext.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/filters.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/idtracking.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/lexer.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/loaders.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/meta.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/nativetypes.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/nodes.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/optimizer.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/parser.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/runtime.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/sandbox.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/tests.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/utils.py create mode 100644 python/jinja2/visitor.py create mode 100644 python/markupsafe/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/markupsafe/_compat.py create mode 100644 python/markupsafe/_constants.py create mode 100644 python/markupsafe/_native.py create mode 100644 python/markupsafe/_speedups.c create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/_compat.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/_internal.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/_reloader.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/atom.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/cache.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/fixers.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/iterio.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/lint.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/profiler.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/securecookie.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/sessions.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/contrib/wrappers.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/datastructures.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/exceptions.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/filesystem.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/formparser.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/http.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/local.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/middleware/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/middleware/dispatcher.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/middleware/http_proxy.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/middleware/lint.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/middleware/profiler.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/middleware/proxy_fix.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/middleware/shared_data.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/posixemulation.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/routing.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/security.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/serving.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/test.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/testapp.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/urls.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/useragents.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/utils.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/__init__.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/accept.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/auth.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/base_request.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/base_response.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/common_descriptors.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/etag.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/json.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/request.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/response.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wrappers/user_agent.py create mode 100644 python/werkzeug/wsgi.py create mode 100644 youtube/__init__.py delete mode 100644 youtube/comments.css delete mode 100644 youtube/favicon.ico delete mode 100644 youtube/shared.css create mode 100644 youtube/static/comments.css create mode 100644 youtube/static/favicon.ico create mode 100644 youtube/static/shared.css create mode 100644 youtube/templates/error.html create mode 100644 youtube/templates/watch.html delete mode 100644 youtube/youtube.py delete mode 100644 yt_watch_template.html diff --git a/python/click/__init__.py b/python/click/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3c3366 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" +click +~~~~~ + +Click is a simple Python module inspired by the stdlib optparse to make +writing command line scripts fun. Unlike other modules, it's based +around a simple API that does not come with too much magic and is +composable. + +:copyright: © 2014 by the Pallets team. +:license: BSD, see LICENSE.rst for more details. +""" + +# Core classes +from .core import Context, BaseCommand, Command, MultiCommand, Group, \ + CommandCollection, Parameter, Option, Argument + +# Globals +from .globals import get_current_context + +# Decorators +from .decorators import pass_context, pass_obj, make_pass_decorator, \ + command, group, argument, option, confirmation_option, \ + password_option, version_option, help_option + +# Types +from .types import ParamType, File, Path, Choice, IntRange, Tuple, \ + DateTime, STRING, INT, FLOAT, BOOL, UUID, UNPROCESSED, FloatRange + +# Utilities +from .utils import echo, get_binary_stream, get_text_stream, open_file, \ + format_filename, get_app_dir, get_os_args + +# Terminal functions +from .termui import prompt, confirm, get_terminal_size, echo_via_pager, \ + progressbar, clear, style, unstyle, secho, edit, launch, getchar, \ + pause + +# Exceptions +from .exceptions import ClickException, UsageError, BadParameter, \ + FileError, Abort, NoSuchOption, BadOptionUsage, BadArgumentUsage, \ + MissingParameter + +# Formatting +from .formatting import HelpFormatter, wrap_text + +# Parsing +from .parser import OptionParser + + +__all__ = [ + # Core classes + 'Context', 'BaseCommand', 'Command', 'MultiCommand', 'Group', + 'CommandCollection', 'Parameter', 'Option', 'Argument', + + # Globals + 'get_current_context', + + # Decorators + 'pass_context', 'pass_obj', 'make_pass_decorator', 'command', 'group', + 'argument', 'option', 'confirmation_option', 'password_option', + 'version_option', 'help_option', + + # Types + 'ParamType', 'File', 'Path', 'Choice', 'IntRange', 'Tuple', + 'DateTime', 'STRING', 'INT', 'FLOAT', 'BOOL', 'UUID', 'UNPROCESSED', + 'FloatRange', + + # Utilities + 'echo', 'get_binary_stream', 'get_text_stream', 'open_file', + 'format_filename', 'get_app_dir', 'get_os_args', + + # Terminal functions + 'prompt', 'confirm', 'get_terminal_size', 'echo_via_pager', + 'progressbar', 'clear', 'style', 'unstyle', 'secho', 'edit', 'launch', + 'getchar', 'pause', + + # Exceptions + 'ClickException', 'UsageError', 'BadParameter', 'FileError', + 'Abort', 'NoSuchOption', 'BadOptionUsage', 'BadArgumentUsage', + 'MissingParameter', + + # Formatting + 'HelpFormatter', 'wrap_text', + + # Parsing + 'OptionParser', +] + + +# Controls if click should emit the warning about the use of unicode +# literals. +disable_unicode_literals_warning = False + + +__version__ = '7.0' diff --git a/python/click/_bashcomplete.py b/python/click/_bashcomplete.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a5f1084 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/_bashcomplete.py @@ -0,0 +1,293 @@ +import copy +import os +import re + +from .utils import echo +from .parser import split_arg_string +from .core import MultiCommand, Option, Argument +from .types import Choice + +try: + from collections import abc +except ImportError: + import collections as abc + +WORDBREAK = '=' + +# Note, only BASH version 4.4 and later have the nosort option. +COMPLETION_SCRIPT_BASH = ''' +%(complete_func)s() { + local IFS=$'\n' + COMPREPLY=( $( env COMP_WORDS="${COMP_WORDS[*]}" \\ + COMP_CWORD=$COMP_CWORD \\ + %(autocomplete_var)s=complete $1 ) ) + return 0 +} + +%(complete_func)setup() { + local COMPLETION_OPTIONS="" + local BASH_VERSION_ARR=(${BASH_VERSION//./ }) + # Only BASH version 4.4 and later have the nosort option. + if [ ${BASH_VERSION_ARR[0]} -gt 4 ] || ([ ${BASH_VERSION_ARR[0]} -eq 4 ] && [ ${BASH_VERSION_ARR[1]} -ge 4 ]); then + COMPLETION_OPTIONS="-o nosort" + fi + + complete $COMPLETION_OPTIONS -F %(complete_func)s %(script_names)s +} + +%(complete_func)setup +''' + +COMPLETION_SCRIPT_ZSH = ''' +%(complete_func)s() { + local -a completions + local -a completions_with_descriptions + local -a response + response=("${(@f)$( env COMP_WORDS=\"${words[*]}\" \\ + COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \\ + %(autocomplete_var)s=\"complete_zsh\" \\ + %(script_names)s )}") + + for key descr in ${(kv)response}; do + if [[ "$descr" == "_" ]]; then + completions+=("$key") + else + completions_with_descriptions+=("$key":"$descr") + fi + done + + if [ -n "$completions_with_descriptions" ]; then + _describe -V unsorted completions_with_descriptions -U -Q + fi + + if [ -n "$completions" ]; then + compadd -U -V unsorted -Q -a completions + fi + compstate[insert]="automenu" +} + +compdef %(complete_func)s %(script_names)s +''' + +_invalid_ident_char_re = re.compile(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9_]') + + +def get_completion_script(prog_name, complete_var, shell): + cf_name = _invalid_ident_char_re.sub('', prog_name.replace('-', '_')) + script = COMPLETION_SCRIPT_ZSH if shell == 'zsh' else COMPLETION_SCRIPT_BASH + return (script % { + 'complete_func': '_%s_completion' % cf_name, + 'script_names': prog_name, + 'autocomplete_var': complete_var, + }).strip() + ';' + + +def resolve_ctx(cli, prog_name, args): + """ + Parse into a hierarchy of contexts. Contexts are connected through the parent variable. + :param cli: command definition + :param prog_name: the program that is running + :param args: full list of args + :return: the final context/command parsed + """ + ctx = cli.make_context(prog_name, args, resilient_parsing=True) + args = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args + while args: + if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand): + if not ctx.command.chain: + cmd_name, cmd, args = ctx.command.resolve_command(ctx, args) + if cmd is None: + return ctx + ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx, + resilient_parsing=True) + args = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args + else: + # Walk chained subcommand contexts saving the last one. + while args: + cmd_name, cmd, args = ctx.command.resolve_command(ctx, args) + if cmd is None: + return ctx + sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx, + allow_extra_args=True, + allow_interspersed_args=False, + resilient_parsing=True) + args = sub_ctx.args + ctx = sub_ctx + args = sub_ctx.protected_args + sub_ctx.args + else: + break + return ctx + + +def start_of_option(param_str): + """ + :param param_str: param_str to check + :return: whether or not this is the start of an option declaration (i.e. starts "-" or "--") + """ + return param_str and param_str[:1] == '-' + + +def is_incomplete_option(all_args, cmd_param): + """ + :param all_args: the full original list of args supplied + :param cmd_param: the current command paramter + :return: whether or not the last option declaration (i.e. starts "-" or "--") is incomplete and + corresponds to this cmd_param. In other words whether this cmd_param option can still accept + values + """ + if not isinstance(cmd_param, Option): + return False + if cmd_param.is_flag: + return False + last_option = None + for index, arg_str in enumerate(reversed([arg for arg in all_args if arg != WORDBREAK])): + if index + 1 > cmd_param.nargs: + break + if start_of_option(arg_str): + last_option = arg_str + + return True if last_option and last_option in cmd_param.opts else False + + +def is_incomplete_argument(current_params, cmd_param): + """ + :param current_params: the current params and values for this argument as already entered + :param cmd_param: the current command parameter + :return: whether or not the last argument is incomplete and corresponds to this cmd_param. In + other words whether or not the this cmd_param argument can still accept values + """ + if not isinstance(cmd_param, Argument): + return False + current_param_values = current_params[cmd_param.name] + if current_param_values is None: + return True + if cmd_param.nargs == -1: + return True + if isinstance(current_param_values, abc.Iterable) \ + and cmd_param.nargs > 1 and len(current_param_values) < cmd_param.nargs: + return True + return False + + +def get_user_autocompletions(ctx, args, incomplete, cmd_param): + """ + :param ctx: context associated with the parsed command + :param args: full list of args + :param incomplete: the incomplete text to autocomplete + :param cmd_param: command definition + :return: all the possible user-specified completions for the param + """ + results = [] + if isinstance(cmd_param.type, Choice): + # Choices don't support descriptions. + results = [(c, None) + for c in cmd_param.type.choices if str(c).startswith(incomplete)] + elif cmd_param.autocompletion is not None: + dynamic_completions = cmd_param.autocompletion(ctx=ctx, + args=args, + incomplete=incomplete) + results = [c if isinstance(c, tuple) else (c, None) + for c in dynamic_completions] + return results + + +def get_visible_commands_starting_with(ctx, starts_with): + """ + :param ctx: context associated with the parsed command + :starts_with: string that visible commands must start with. + :return: all visible (not hidden) commands that start with starts_with. + """ + for c in ctx.command.list_commands(ctx): + if c.startswith(starts_with): + command = ctx.command.get_command(ctx, c) + if not command.hidden: + yield command + + +def add_subcommand_completions(ctx, incomplete, completions_out): + # Add subcommand completions. + if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand): + completions_out.extend( + [(c.name, c.get_short_help_str()) for c in get_visible_commands_starting_with(ctx, incomplete)]) + + # Walk up the context list and add any other completion possibilities from chained commands + while ctx.parent is not None: + ctx = ctx.parent + if isinstance(ctx.command, MultiCommand) and ctx.command.chain: + remaining_commands = [c for c in get_visible_commands_starting_with(ctx, incomplete) + if c.name not in ctx.protected_args] + completions_out.extend([(c.name, c.get_short_help_str()) for c in remaining_commands]) + + +def get_choices(cli, prog_name, args, incomplete): + """ + :param cli: command definition + :param prog_name: the program that is running + :param args: full list of args + :param incomplete: the incomplete text to autocomplete + :return: all the possible completions for the incomplete + """ + all_args = copy.deepcopy(args) + + ctx = resolve_ctx(cli, prog_name, args) + if ctx is None: + return [] + + # In newer versions of bash long opts with '='s are partitioned, but it's easier to parse + # without the '=' + if start_of_option(incomplete) and WORDBREAK in incomplete: + partition_incomplete = incomplete.partition(WORDBREAK) + all_args.append(partition_incomplete[0]) + incomplete = partition_incomplete[2] + elif incomplete == WORDBREAK: + incomplete = '' + + completions = [] + if start_of_option(incomplete): + # completions for partial options + for param in ctx.command.params: + if isinstance(param, Option) and not param.hidden: + param_opts = [param_opt for param_opt in param.opts + + param.secondary_opts if param_opt not in all_args or param.multiple] + completions.extend([(o, param.help) for o in param_opts if o.startswith(incomplete)]) + return completions + # completion for option values from user supplied values + for param in ctx.command.params: + if is_incomplete_option(all_args, param): + return get_user_autocompletions(ctx, all_args, incomplete, param) + # completion for argument values from user supplied values + for param in ctx.command.params: + if is_incomplete_argument(ctx.params, param): + return get_user_autocompletions(ctx, all_args, incomplete, param) + + add_subcommand_completions(ctx, incomplete, completions) + # Sort before returning so that proper ordering can be enforced in custom types. + return sorted(completions) + + +def do_complete(cli, prog_name, include_descriptions): + cwords = split_arg_string(os.environ['COMP_WORDS']) + cword = int(os.environ['COMP_CWORD']) + args = cwords[1:cword] + try: + incomplete = cwords[cword] + except IndexError: + incomplete = '' + + for item in get_choices(cli, prog_name, args, incomplete): + echo(item[0]) + if include_descriptions: + # ZSH has trouble dealing with empty array parameters when returned from commands, so use a well defined character '_' to indicate no description is present. + echo(item[1] if item[1] else '_') + + return True + + +def bashcomplete(cli, prog_name, complete_var, complete_instr): + if complete_instr.startswith('source'): + shell = 'zsh' if complete_instr == 'source_zsh' else 'bash' + echo(get_completion_script(prog_name, complete_var, shell)) + return True + elif complete_instr == 'complete' or complete_instr == 'complete_zsh': + return do_complete(cli, prog_name, complete_instr == 'complete_zsh') + return False diff --git a/python/click/_compat.py b/python/click/_compat.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..937e230 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/_compat.py @@ -0,0 +1,703 @@ +import re +import io +import os +import sys +import codecs +from weakref import WeakKeyDictionary + + +PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2 +CYGWIN = sys.platform.startswith('cygwin') +# Determine local App Engine environment, per Google's own suggestion +APP_ENGINE = ('APPENGINE_RUNTIME' in os.environ and + 'Development/' in os.environ['SERVER_SOFTWARE']) +WIN = sys.platform.startswith('win') and not APP_ENGINE +DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 80 + + +_ansi_re = re.compile(r'\033\[((?:\d|;)*)([a-zA-Z])') + + +def get_filesystem_encoding(): + return sys.getfilesystemencoding() or sys.getdefaultencoding() + + +def _make_text_stream(stream, encoding, errors, + force_readable=False, force_writable=False): + if encoding is None: + encoding = get_best_encoding(stream) + if errors is None: + errors = 'replace' + return _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(stream, encoding, errors, + line_buffering=True, + force_readable=force_readable, + force_writable=force_writable) + + +def is_ascii_encoding(encoding): + """Checks if a given encoding is ascii.""" + try: + return codecs.lookup(encoding).name == 'ascii' + except LookupError: + return False + + +def get_best_encoding(stream): + """Returns the default stream encoding if not found.""" + rv = getattr(stream, 'encoding', None) or sys.getdefaultencoding() + if is_ascii_encoding(rv): + return 'utf-8' + return rv + + +class _NonClosingTextIOWrapper(io.TextIOWrapper): + + def __init__(self, stream, encoding, errors, + force_readable=False, force_writable=False, **extra): + self._stream = stream = _FixupStream(stream, force_readable, + force_writable) + io.TextIOWrapper.__init__(self, stream, encoding, errors, **extra) + + # The io module is a place where the Python 3 text behavior + # was forced upon Python 2, so we need to unbreak + # it to look like Python 2. + if PY2: + def write(self, x): + if isinstance(x, str) or is_bytes(x): + try: + self.flush() + except Exception: + pass + return self.buffer.write(str(x)) + return io.TextIOWrapper.write(self, x) + + def writelines(self, lines): + for line in lines: + self.write(line) + + def __del__(self): + try: + self.detach() + except Exception: + pass + + def isatty(self): + # https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/issue/1803 + return self._stream.isatty() + + +class _FixupStream(object): + """The new io interface needs more from streams than streams + traditionally implement. As such, this fix-up code is necessary in + some circumstances. + + The forcing of readable and writable flags are there because some tools + put badly patched objects on sys (one such offender are certain version + of jupyter notebook). + """ + + def __init__(self, stream, force_readable=False, force_writable=False): + self._stream = stream + self._force_readable = force_readable + self._force_writable = force_writable + + def __getattr__(self, name): + return getattr(self._stream, name) + + def read1(self, size): + f = getattr(self._stream, 'read1', None) + if f is not None: + return f(size) + # We only dispatch to readline instead of read in Python 2 as we + # do not want cause problems with the different implementation + # of line buffering. + if PY2: + return self._stream.readline(size) + return self._stream.read(size) + + def readable(self): + if self._force_readable: + return True + x = getattr(self._stream, 'readable', None) + if x is not None: + return x() + try: + self._stream.read(0) + except Exception: + return False + return True + + def writable(self): + if self._force_writable: + return True + x = getattr(self._stream, 'writable', None) + if x is not None: + return x() + try: + self._stream.write('') + except Exception: + try: + self._stream.write(b'') + except Exception: + return False + return True + + def seekable(self): + x = getattr(self._stream, 'seekable', None) + if x is not None: + return x() + try: + self._stream.seek(self._stream.tell()) + except Exception: + return False + return True + + +if PY2: + text_type = unicode + bytes = str + raw_input = raw_input + string_types = (str, unicode) + int_types = (int, long) + iteritems = lambda x: x.iteritems() + range_type = xrange + + def is_bytes(x): + return isinstance(x, (buffer, bytearray)) + + _identifier_re = re.compile(r'^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$') + + # For Windows, we need to force stdout/stdin/stderr to binary if it's + # fetched for that. This obviously is not the most correct way to do + # it as it changes global state. Unfortunately, there does not seem to + # be a clear better way to do it as just reopening the file in binary + # mode does not change anything. + # + # An option would be to do what Python 3 does and to open the file as + # binary only, patch it back to the system, and then use a wrapper + # stream that converts newlines. It's not quite clear what's the + # correct option here. + # + # This code also lives in _winconsole for the fallback to the console + # emulation stream. + # + # There are also Windows environments where the `msvcrt` module is not + # available (which is why we use try-catch instead of the WIN variable + # here), such as the Google App Engine development server on Windows. In + # those cases there is just nothing we can do. + def set_binary_mode(f): + return f + + try: + import msvcrt + except ImportError: + pass + else: + def set_binary_mode(f): + try: + fileno = f.fileno() + except Exception: + pass + else: + msvcrt.setmode(fileno, os.O_BINARY) + return f + + try: + import fcntl + except ImportError: + pass + else: + def set_binary_mode(f): + try: + fileno = f.fileno() + except Exception: + pass + else: + flags = fcntl.fcntl(fileno, fcntl.F_GETFL) + fcntl.fcntl(fileno, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags & ~os.O_NONBLOCK) + return f + + def isidentifier(x): + return _identifier_re.search(x) is not None + + def get_binary_stdin(): + return set_binary_mode(sys.stdin) + + def get_binary_stdout(): + _wrap_std_stream('stdout') + return set_binary_mode(sys.stdout) + + def get_binary_stderr(): + _wrap_std_stream('stderr') + return set_binary_mode(sys.stderr) + + def get_text_stdin(encoding=None, errors=None): + rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors) + if rv is not None: + return rv + return _make_text_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors, + force_readable=True) + + def get_text_stdout(encoding=None, errors=None): + _wrap_std_stream('stdout') + rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors) + if rv is not None: + return rv + return _make_text_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors, + force_writable=True) + + def get_text_stderr(encoding=None, errors=None): + _wrap_std_stream('stderr') + rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors) + if rv is not None: + return rv + return _make_text_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors, + force_writable=True) + + def filename_to_ui(value): + if isinstance(value, bytes): + value = value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding(), 'replace') + return value +else: + import io + text_type = str + raw_input = input + string_types = (str,) + int_types = (int,) + range_type = range + isidentifier = lambda x: x.isidentifier() + iteritems = lambda x: iter(x.items()) + + def is_bytes(x): + return isinstance(x, (bytes, memoryview, bytearray)) + + def _is_binary_reader(stream, default=False): + try: + return isinstance(stream.read(0), bytes) + except Exception: + return default + # This happens in some cases where the stream was already + # closed. In this case, we assume the default. + + def _is_binary_writer(stream, default=False): + try: + stream.write(b'') + except Exception: + try: + stream.write('') + return False + except Exception: + pass + return default + return True + + def _find_binary_reader(stream): + # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary. + # This can happen because the official docs recommend detaching + # the streams to get binary streams. Some code might do this, so + # we need to deal with this case explicitly. + if _is_binary_reader(stream, False): + return stream + + buf = getattr(stream, 'buffer', None) + + # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is + # actually binary in case it's closed. + if buf is not None and _is_binary_reader(buf, True): + return buf + + def _find_binary_writer(stream): + # We need to figure out if the given stream is already binary. + # This can happen because the official docs recommend detatching + # the streams to get binary streams. Some code might do this, so + # we need to deal with this case explicitly. + if _is_binary_writer(stream, False): + return stream + + buf = getattr(stream, 'buffer', None) + + # Same situation here; this time we assume that the buffer is + # actually binary in case it's closed. + if buf is not None and _is_binary_writer(buf, True): + return buf + + def _stream_is_misconfigured(stream): + """A stream is misconfigured if its encoding is ASCII.""" + # If the stream does not have an encoding set, we assume it's set + # to ASCII. This appears to happen in certain unittest + # environments. It's not quite clear what the correct behavior is + # but this at least will force Click to recover somehow. + return is_ascii_encoding(getattr(stream, 'encoding', None) or 'ascii') + + def _is_compatible_text_stream(stream, encoding, errors): + stream_encoding = getattr(stream, 'encoding', None) + stream_errors = getattr(stream, 'errors', None) + + # Perfect match. + if stream_encoding == encoding and stream_errors == errors: + return True + + # Otherwise, it's only a compatible stream if we did not ask for + # an encoding. + if encoding is None: + return stream_encoding is not None + + return False + + def _force_correct_text_reader(text_reader, encoding, errors, + force_readable=False): + if _is_binary_reader(text_reader, False): + binary_reader = text_reader + else: + # If there is no target encoding set, we need to verify that the + # reader is not actually misconfigured. + if encoding is None and not _stream_is_misconfigured(text_reader): + return text_reader + + if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_reader, encoding, errors): + return text_reader + + # If the reader has no encoding, we try to find the underlying + # binary reader for it. If that fails because the environment is + # misconfigured, we silently go with the same reader because this + # is too common to happen. In that case, mojibake is better than + # exceptions. + binary_reader = _find_binary_reader(text_reader) + if binary_reader is None: + return text_reader + + # At this point, we default the errors to replace instead of strict + # because nobody handles those errors anyways and at this point + # we're so fundamentally fucked that nothing can repair it. + if errors is None: + errors = 'replace' + return _make_text_stream(binary_reader, encoding, errors, + force_readable=force_readable) + + def _force_correct_text_writer(text_writer, encoding, errors, + force_writable=False): + if _is_binary_writer(text_writer, False): + binary_writer = text_writer + else: + # If there is no target encoding set, we need to verify that the + # writer is not actually misconfigured. + if encoding is None and not _stream_is_misconfigured(text_writer): + return text_writer + + if _is_compatible_text_stream(text_writer, encoding, errors): + return text_writer + + # If the writer has no encoding, we try to find the underlying + # binary writer for it. If that fails because the environment is + # misconfigured, we silently go with the same writer because this + # is too common to happen. In that case, mojibake is better than + # exceptions. + binary_writer = _find_binary_writer(text_writer) + if binary_writer is None: + return text_writer + + # At this point, we default the errors to replace instead of strict + # because nobody handles those errors anyways and at this point + # we're so fundamentally fucked that nothing can repair it. + if errors is None: + errors = 'replace' + return _make_text_stream(binary_writer, encoding, errors, + force_writable=force_writable) + + def get_binary_stdin(): + reader = _find_binary_reader(sys.stdin) + if reader is None: + raise RuntimeError('Was not able to determine binary ' + 'stream for sys.stdin.') + return reader + + def get_binary_stdout(): + writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stdout) + if writer is None: + raise RuntimeError('Was not able to determine binary ' + 'stream for sys.stdout.') + return writer + + def get_binary_stderr(): + writer = _find_binary_writer(sys.stderr) + if writer is None: + raise RuntimeError('Was not able to determine binary ' + 'stream for sys.stderr.') + return writer + + def get_text_stdin(encoding=None, errors=None): + rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdin, encoding, errors) + if rv is not None: + return rv + return _force_correct_text_reader(sys.stdin, encoding, errors, + force_readable=True) + + def get_text_stdout(encoding=None, errors=None): + rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stdout, encoding, errors) + if rv is not None: + return rv + return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stdout, encoding, errors, + force_writable=True) + + def get_text_stderr(encoding=None, errors=None): + rv = _get_windows_console_stream(sys.stderr, encoding, errors) + if rv is not None: + return rv + return _force_correct_text_writer(sys.stderr, encoding, errors, + force_writable=True) + + def filename_to_ui(value): + if isinstance(value, bytes): + value = value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding(), 'replace') + else: + value = value.encode('utf-8', 'surrogateescape') \ + .decode('utf-8', 'replace') + return value + + +def get_streerror(e, default=None): + if hasattr(e, 'strerror'): + msg = e.strerror + else: + if default is not None: + msg = default + else: + msg = str(e) + if isinstance(msg, bytes): + msg = msg.decode('utf-8', 'replace') + return msg + + +def open_stream(filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict', + atomic=False): + # Standard streams first. These are simple because they don't need + # special handling for the atomic flag. It's entirely ignored. + if filename == '-': + if any(m in mode for m in ['w', 'a', 'x']): + if 'b' in mode: + return get_binary_stdout(), False + return get_text_stdout(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False + if 'b' in mode: + return get_binary_stdin(), False + return get_text_stdin(encoding=encoding, errors=errors), False + + # Non-atomic writes directly go out through the regular open functions. + if not atomic: + if encoding is None: + return open(filename, mode), True + return io.open(filename, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors), True + + # Some usability stuff for atomic writes + if 'a' in mode: + raise ValueError( + 'Appending to an existing file is not supported, because that ' + 'would involve an expensive `copy`-operation to a temporary ' + 'file. Open the file in normal `w`-mode and copy explicitly ' + 'if that\'s what you\'re after.' + ) + if 'x' in mode: + raise ValueError('Use the `overwrite`-parameter instead.') + if 'w' not in mode: + raise ValueError('Atomic writes only make sense with `w`-mode.') + + # Atomic writes are more complicated. They work by opening a file + # as a proxy in the same folder and then using the fdopen + # functionality to wrap it in a Python file. Then we wrap it in an + # atomic file that moves the file over on close. + import tempfile + fd, tmp_filename = tempfile.mkstemp(dir=os.path.dirname(filename), + prefix='.__atomic-write') + + if encoding is not None: + f = io.open(fd, mode, encoding=encoding, errors=errors) + else: + f = os.fdopen(fd, mode) + + return _AtomicFile(f, tmp_filename, os.path.realpath(filename)), True + + +# Used in a destructor call, needs extra protection from interpreter cleanup. +if hasattr(os, 'replace'): + _replace = os.replace + _can_replace = True +else: + _replace = os.rename + _can_replace = not WIN + + +class _AtomicFile(object): + + def __init__(self, f, tmp_filename, real_filename): + self._f = f + self._tmp_filename = tmp_filename + self._real_filename = real_filename + self.closed = False + + @property + def name(self): + return self._real_filename + + def close(self, delete=False): + if self.closed: + return + self._f.close() + if not _can_replace: + try: + os.remove(self._real_filename) + except OSError: + pass + _replace(self._tmp_filename, self._real_filename) + self.closed = True + + def __getattr__(self, name): + return getattr(self._f, name) + + def __enter__(self): + return self + + def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb): + self.close(delete=exc_type is not None) + + def __repr__(self): + return repr(self._f) + + +auto_wrap_for_ansi = None +colorama = None +get_winterm_size = None + + +def strip_ansi(value): + return _ansi_re.sub('', value) + + +def should_strip_ansi(stream=None, color=None): + if color is None: + if stream is None: + stream = sys.stdin + return not isatty(stream) + return not color + + +# If we're on Windows, we provide transparent integration through +# colorama. This will make ANSI colors through the echo function +# work automatically. +if WIN: + # Windows has a smaller terminal + DEFAULT_COLUMNS = 79 + + from ._winconsole import _get_windows_console_stream, _wrap_std_stream + + def _get_argv_encoding(): + import locale + return locale.getpreferredencoding() + + if PY2: + def raw_input(prompt=''): + sys.stderr.flush() + if prompt: + stdout = _default_text_stdout() + stdout.write(prompt) + stdin = _default_text_stdin() + return stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n') + + try: + import colorama + except ImportError: + pass + else: + _ansi_stream_wrappers = WeakKeyDictionary() + + def auto_wrap_for_ansi(stream, color=None): + """This function wraps a stream so that calls through colorama + are issued to the win32 console API to recolor on demand. It + also ensures to reset the colors if a write call is interrupted + to not destroy the console afterwards. + """ + try: + cached = _ansi_stream_wrappers.get(stream) + except Exception: + cached = None + if cached is not None: + return cached + strip = should_strip_ansi(stream, color) + ansi_wrapper = colorama.AnsiToWin32(stream, strip=strip) + rv = ansi_wrapper.stream + _write = rv.write + + def _safe_write(s): + try: + return _write(s) + except: + ansi_wrapper.reset_all() + raise + + rv.write = _safe_write + try: + _ansi_stream_wrappers[stream] = rv + except Exception: + pass + return rv + + def get_winterm_size(): + win = colorama.win32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo( + colorama.win32.STDOUT).srWindow + return win.Right - win.Left, win.Bottom - win.Top +else: + def _get_argv_encoding(): + return getattr(sys.stdin, 'encoding', None) or get_filesystem_encoding() + + _get_windows_console_stream = lambda *x: None + _wrap_std_stream = lambda *x: None + + +def term_len(x): + return len(strip_ansi(x)) + + +def isatty(stream): + try: + return stream.isatty() + except Exception: + return False + + +def _make_cached_stream_func(src_func, wrapper_func): + cache = WeakKeyDictionary() + def func(): + stream = src_func() + try: + rv = cache.get(stream) + except Exception: + rv = None + if rv is not None: + return rv + rv = wrapper_func() + try: + stream = src_func() # In case wrapper_func() modified the stream + cache[stream] = rv + except Exception: + pass + return rv + return func + + +_default_text_stdin = _make_cached_stream_func( + lambda: sys.stdin, get_text_stdin) +_default_text_stdout = _make_cached_stream_func( + lambda: sys.stdout, get_text_stdout) +_default_text_stderr = _make_cached_stream_func( + lambda: sys.stderr, get_text_stderr) + + +binary_streams = { + 'stdin': get_binary_stdin, + 'stdout': get_binary_stdout, + 'stderr': get_binary_stderr, +} + +text_streams = { + 'stdin': get_text_stdin, + 'stdout': get_text_stdout, + 'stderr': get_text_stderr, +} diff --git a/python/click/_termui_impl.py b/python/click/_termui_impl.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00a8e5e --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/_termui_impl.py @@ -0,0 +1,621 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" +click._termui_impl +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This module contains implementations for the termui module. To keep the +import time of Click down, some infrequently used functionality is +placed in this module and only imported as needed. + +:copyright: © 2014 by the Pallets team. +:license: BSD, see LICENSE.rst for more details. +""" + +import os +import sys +import time +import math +import contextlib +from ._compat import _default_text_stdout, range_type, PY2, isatty, \ + open_stream, strip_ansi, term_len, get_best_encoding, WIN, int_types, \ + CYGWIN +from .utils import echo +from .exceptions import ClickException + + +if os.name == 'nt': + BEFORE_BAR = '\r' + AFTER_BAR = '\n' +else: + BEFORE_BAR = '\r\033[?25l' + AFTER_BAR = '\033[?25h\n' + + +def _length_hint(obj): + """Returns the length hint of an object.""" + try: + return len(obj) + except (AttributeError, TypeError): + try: + get_hint = type(obj).__length_hint__ + except AttributeError: + return None + try: + hint = get_hint(obj) + except TypeError: + return None + if hint is NotImplemented or \ + not isinstance(hint, int_types) or \ + hint < 0: + return None + return hint + + +class ProgressBar(object): + + def __init__(self, iterable, length=None, fill_char='#', empty_char=' ', + bar_template='%(bar)s', info_sep=' ', show_eta=True, + show_percent=None, show_pos=False, item_show_func=None, + label=None, file=None, color=None, width=30): + self.fill_char = fill_char + self.empty_char = empty_char + self.bar_template = bar_template + self.info_sep = info_sep + self.show_eta = show_eta + self.show_percent = show_percent + self.show_pos = show_pos + self.item_show_func = item_show_func + self.label = label or '' + if file is None: + file = _default_text_stdout() + self.file = file + self.color = color + self.width = width + self.autowidth = width == 0 + + if length is None: + length = _length_hint(iterable) + if iterable is None: + if length is None: + raise TypeError('iterable or length is required') + iterable = range_type(length) + self.iter = iter(iterable) + self.length = length + self.length_known = length is not None + self.pos = 0 + self.avg = [] + self.start = self.last_eta = time.time() + self.eta_known = False + self.finished = False + self.max_width = None + self.entered = False + self.current_item = None + self.is_hidden = not isatty(self.file) + self._last_line = None + self.short_limit = 0.5 + + def __enter__(self): + self.entered = True + self.render_progress() + return self + + def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb): + self.render_finish() + + def __iter__(self): + if not self.entered: + raise RuntimeError('You need to use progress bars in a with block.') + self.render_progress() + return self.generator() + + def is_fast(self): + return time.time() - self.start <= self.short_limit + + def render_finish(self): + if self.is_hidden or self.is_fast(): + return + self.file.write(AFTER_BAR) + self.file.flush() + + @property + def pct(self): + if self.finished: + return 1.0 + return min(self.pos / (float(self.length) or 1), 1.0) + + @property + def time_per_iteration(self): + if not self.avg: + return 0.0 + return sum(self.avg) / float(len(self.avg)) + + @property + def eta(self): + if self.length_known and not self.finished: + return self.time_per_iteration * (self.length - self.pos) + return 0.0 + + def format_eta(self): + if self.eta_known: + t = int(self.eta) + seconds = t % 60 + t //= 60 + minutes = t % 60 + t //= 60 + hours = t % 24 + t //= 24 + if t > 0: + days = t + return '%dd %02d:%02d:%02d' % (days, hours, minutes, seconds) + else: + return '%02d:%02d:%02d' % (hours, minutes, seconds) + return '' + + def format_pos(self): + pos = str(self.pos) + if self.length_known: + pos += '/%s' % self.length + return pos + + def format_pct(self): + return ('% 4d%%' % int(self.pct * 100))[1:] + + def format_bar(self): + if self.length_known: + bar_length = int(self.pct * self.width) + bar = self.fill_char * bar_length + bar += self.empty_char * (self.width - bar_length) + elif self.finished: + bar = self.fill_char * self.width + else: + bar = list(self.empty_char * (self.width or 1)) + if self.time_per_iteration != 0: + bar[int((math.cos(self.pos * self.time_per_iteration) + / 2.0 + 0.5) * self.width)] = self.fill_char + bar = ''.join(bar) + return bar + + def format_progress_line(self): + show_percent = self.show_percent + + info_bits = [] + if self.length_known and show_percent is None: + show_percent = not self.show_pos + + if self.show_pos: + info_bits.append(self.format_pos()) + if show_percent: + info_bits.append(self.format_pct()) + if self.show_eta and self.eta_known and not self.finished: + info_bits.append(self.format_eta()) + if self.item_show_func is not None: + item_info = self.item_show_func(self.current_item) + if item_info is not None: + info_bits.append(item_info) + + return (self.bar_template % { + 'label': self.label, + 'bar': self.format_bar(), + 'info': self.info_sep.join(info_bits) + }).rstrip() + + def render_progress(self): + from .termui import get_terminal_size + + if self.is_hidden: + return + + buf = [] + # Update width in case the terminal has been resized + if self.autowidth: + old_width = self.width + self.width = 0 + clutter_length = term_len(self.format_progress_line()) + new_width = max(0, get_terminal_size()[0] - clutter_length) + if new_width < old_width: + buf.append(BEFORE_BAR) + buf.append(' ' * self.max_width) + self.max_width = new_width + self.width = new_width + + clear_width = self.width + if self.max_width is not None: + clear_width = self.max_width + + buf.append(BEFORE_BAR) + line = self.format_progress_line() + line_len = term_len(line) + if self.max_width is None or self.max_width < line_len: + self.max_width = line_len + + buf.append(line) + buf.append(' ' * (clear_width - line_len)) + line = ''.join(buf) + # Render the line only if it changed. + + if line != self._last_line and not self.is_fast(): + self._last_line = line + echo(line, file=self.file, color=self.color, nl=False) + self.file.flush() + + def make_step(self, n_steps): + self.pos += n_steps + if self.length_known and self.pos >= self.length: + self.finished = True + + if (time.time() - self.last_eta) < 1.0: + return + + self.last_eta = time.time() + + # self.avg is a rolling list of length <= 7 of steps where steps are + # defined as time elapsed divided by the total progress through + # self.length. + if self.pos: + step = (time.time() - self.start) / self.pos + else: + step = time.time() - self.start + + self.avg = self.avg[-6:] + [step] + + self.eta_known = self.length_known + + def update(self, n_steps): + self.make_step(n_steps) + self.render_progress() + + def finish(self): + self.eta_known = 0 + self.current_item = None + self.finished = True + + def generator(self): + """ + Returns a generator which yields the items added to the bar during + construction, and updates the progress bar *after* the yielded block + returns. + """ + if not self.entered: + raise RuntimeError('You need to use progress bars in a with block.') + + if self.is_hidden: + for rv in self.iter: + yield rv + else: + for rv in self.iter: + self.current_item = rv + yield rv + self.update(1) + self.finish() + self.render_progress() + + +def pager(generator, color=None): + """Decide what method to use for paging through text.""" + stdout = _default_text_stdout() + if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(stdout): + return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color) + pager_cmd = (os.environ.get('PAGER', None) or '').strip() + if pager_cmd: + if WIN: + return _tempfilepager(generator, pager_cmd, color) + return _pipepager(generator, pager_cmd, color) + if os.environ.get('TERM') in ('dumb', 'emacs'): + return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color) + if WIN or sys.platform.startswith('os2'): + return _tempfilepager(generator, 'more <', color) + if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('(less) 2>/dev/null') == 0: + return _pipepager(generator, 'less', color) + + import tempfile + fd, filename = tempfile.mkstemp() + os.close(fd) + try: + if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('more "%s"' % filename) == 0: + return _pipepager(generator, 'more', color) + return _nullpager(stdout, generator, color) + finally: + os.unlink(filename) + + +def _pipepager(generator, cmd, color): + """Page through text by feeding it to another program. Invoking a + pager through this might support colors. + """ + import subprocess + env = dict(os.environ) + + # If we're piping to less we might support colors under the + # condition that + cmd_detail = cmd.rsplit('/', 1)[-1].split() + if color is None and cmd_detail[0] == 'less': + less_flags = os.environ.get('LESS', '') + ' '.join(cmd_detail[1:]) + if not less_flags: + env['LESS'] = '-R' + color = True + elif 'r' in less_flags or 'R' in less_flags: + color = True + + c = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, + env=env) + encoding = get_best_encoding(c.stdin) + try: + for text in generator: + if not color: + text = strip_ansi(text) + + c.stdin.write(text.encode(encoding, 'replace')) + except (IOError, KeyboardInterrupt): + pass + else: + c.stdin.close() + + # Less doesn't respect ^C, but catches it for its own UI purposes (aborting + # search or other commands inside less). + # + # That means when the user hits ^C, the parent process (click) terminates, + # but less is still alive, paging the output and messing up the terminal. + # + # If the user wants to make the pager exit on ^C, they should set + # `LESS='-K'`. It's not our decision to make. + while True: + try: + c.wait() + except KeyboardInterrupt: + pass + else: + break + + +def _tempfilepager(generator, cmd, color): + """Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file.""" + import tempfile + filename = tempfile.mktemp() + # TODO: This never terminates if the passed generator never terminates. + text = "".join(generator) + if not color: + text = strip_ansi(text) + encoding = get_best_encoding(sys.stdout) + with open_stream(filename, 'wb')[0] as f: + f.write(text.encode(encoding)) + try: + os.system(cmd + ' "' + filename + '"') + finally: + os.unlink(filename) + + +def _nullpager(stream, generator, color): + """Simply print unformatted text. This is the ultimate fallback.""" + for text in generator: + if not color: + text = strip_ansi(text) + stream.write(text) + + +class Editor(object): + + def __init__(self, editor=None, env=None, require_save=True, + extension='.txt'): + self.editor = editor + self.env = env + self.require_save = require_save + self.extension = extension + + def get_editor(self): + if self.editor is not None: + return self.editor + for key in 'VISUAL', 'EDITOR': + rv = os.environ.get(key) + if rv: + return rv + if WIN: + return 'notepad' + for editor in 'vim', 'nano': + if os.system('which %s >/dev/null 2>&1' % editor) == 0: + return editor + return 'vi' + + def edit_file(self, filename): + import subprocess + editor = self.get_editor() + if self.env: + environ = os.environ.copy() + environ.update(self.env) + else: + environ = None + try: + c = subprocess.Popen('%s "%s"' % (editor, filename), + env=environ, shell=True) + exit_code = c.wait() + if exit_code != 0: + raise ClickException('%s: Editing failed!' % editor) + except OSError as e: + raise ClickException('%s: Editing failed: %s' % (editor, e)) + + def edit(self, text): + import tempfile + + text = text or '' + if text and not text.endswith('\n'): + text += '\n' + + fd, name = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix='editor-', suffix=self.extension) + try: + if WIN: + encoding = 'utf-8-sig' + text = text.replace('\n', '\r\n') + else: + encoding = 'utf-8' + text = text.encode(encoding) + + f = os.fdopen(fd, 'wb') + f.write(text) + f.close() + timestamp = os.path.getmtime(name) + + self.edit_file(name) + + if self.require_save \ + and os.path.getmtime(name) == timestamp: + return None + + f = open(name, 'rb') + try: + rv = f.read() + finally: + f.close() + return rv.decode('utf-8-sig').replace('\r\n', '\n') + finally: + os.unlink(name) + + +def open_url(url, wait=False, locate=False): + import subprocess + + def _unquote_file(url): + try: + import urllib + except ImportError: + import urllib + if url.startswith('file://'): + url = urllib.unquote(url[7:]) + return url + + if sys.platform == 'darwin': + args = ['open'] + if wait: + args.append('-W') + if locate: + args.append('-R') + args.append(_unquote_file(url)) + null = open('/dev/null', 'w') + try: + return subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=null).wait() + finally: + null.close() + elif WIN: + if locate: + url = _unquote_file(url) + args = 'explorer /select,"%s"' % _unquote_file( + url.replace('"', '')) + else: + args = 'start %s "" "%s"' % ( + wait and '/WAIT' or '', url.replace('"', '')) + return os.system(args) + elif CYGWIN: + if locate: + url = _unquote_file(url) + args = 'cygstart "%s"' % (os.path.dirname(url).replace('"', '')) + else: + args = 'cygstart %s "%s"' % ( + wait and '-w' or '', url.replace('"', '')) + return os.system(args) + + try: + if locate: + url = os.path.dirname(_unquote_file(url)) or '.' + else: + url = _unquote_file(url) + c = subprocess.Popen(['xdg-open', url]) + if wait: + return c.wait() + return 0 + except OSError: + if url.startswith(('http://', 'https://')) and not locate and not wait: + import webbrowser + webbrowser.open(url) + return 0 + return 1 + + +def _translate_ch_to_exc(ch): + if ch == u'\x03': + raise KeyboardInterrupt() + if ch == u'\x04' and not WIN: # Unix-like, Ctrl+D + raise EOFError() + if ch == u'\x1a' and WIN: # Windows, Ctrl+Z + raise EOFError() + + +if WIN: + import msvcrt + + @contextlib.contextmanager + def raw_terminal(): + yield + + def getchar(echo): + # The function `getch` will return a bytes object corresponding to + # the pressed character. Since Windows 10 build 1803, it will also + # return \x00 when called a second time after pressing a regular key. + # + # `getwch` does not share this probably-bugged behavior. Moreover, it + # returns a Unicode object by default, which is what we want. + # + # Either of these functions will return \x00 or \xe0 to indicate + # a special key, and you need to call the same function again to get + # the "rest" of the code. The fun part is that \u00e0 is + # "latin small letter a with grave", so if you type that on a French + # keyboard, you _also_ get a \xe0. + # E.g., consider the Up arrow. This returns \xe0 and then \x48. The + # resulting Unicode string reads as "a with grave" + "capital H". + # This is indistinguishable from when the user actually types + # "a with grave" and then "capital H". + # + # When \xe0 is returned, we assume it's part of a special-key sequence + # and call `getwch` again, but that means that when the user types + # the \u00e0 character, `getchar` doesn't return until a second + # character is typed. + # The alternative is returning immediately, but that would mess up + # cross-platform handling of arrow keys and others that start with + # \xe0. Another option is using `getch`, but then we can't reliably + # read non-ASCII characters, because return values of `getch` are + # limited to the current 8-bit codepage. + # + # Anyway, Click doesn't claim to do this Right(tm), and using `getwch` + # is doing the right thing in more situations than with `getch`. + if echo: + func = msvcrt.getwche + else: + func = msvcrt.getwch + + rv = func() + if rv in (u'\x00', u'\xe0'): + # \x00 and \xe0 are control characters that indicate special key, + # see above. + rv += func() + _translate_ch_to_exc(rv) + return rv +else: + import tty + import termios + + @contextlib.contextmanager + def raw_terminal(): + if not isatty(sys.stdin): + f = open('/dev/tty') + fd = f.fileno() + else: + fd = sys.stdin.fileno() + f = None + try: + old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd) + try: + tty.setraw(fd) + yield fd + finally: + termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings) + sys.stdout.flush() + if f is not None: + f.close() + except termios.error: + pass + + def getchar(echo): + with raw_terminal() as fd: + ch = os.read(fd, 32) + ch = ch.decode(get_best_encoding(sys.stdin), 'replace') + if echo and isatty(sys.stdout): + sys.stdout.write(ch) + _translate_ch_to_exc(ch) + return ch diff --git a/python/click/_textwrap.py b/python/click/_textwrap.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7e77603 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/_textwrap.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +import textwrap +from contextlib import contextmanager + + +class TextWrapper(textwrap.TextWrapper): + + def _handle_long_word(self, reversed_chunks, cur_line, cur_len, width): + space_left = max(width - cur_len, 1) + + if self.break_long_words: + last = reversed_chunks[-1] + cut = last[:space_left] + res = last[space_left:] + cur_line.append(cut) + reversed_chunks[-1] = res + elif not cur_line: + cur_line.append(reversed_chunks.pop()) + + @contextmanager + def extra_indent(self, indent): + old_initial_indent = self.initial_indent + old_subsequent_indent = self.subsequent_indent + self.initial_indent += indent + self.subsequent_indent += indent + try: + yield + finally: + self.initial_indent = old_initial_indent + self.subsequent_indent = old_subsequent_indent + + def indent_only(self, text): + rv = [] + for idx, line in enumerate(text.splitlines()): + indent = self.initial_indent + if idx > 0: + indent = self.subsequent_indent + rv.append(indent + line) + return '\n'.join(rv) diff --git a/python/click/_unicodefun.py b/python/click/_unicodefun.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..620edff --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/_unicodefun.py @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +import os +import sys +import codecs + +from ._compat import PY2 + + +# If someone wants to vendor click, we want to ensure the +# correct package is discovered. Ideally we could use a +# relative import here but unfortunately Python does not +# support that. +click = sys.modules[__name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]] + + +def _find_unicode_literals_frame(): + import __future__ + if not hasattr(sys, '_getframe'): # not all Python implementations have it + return 0 + frm = sys._getframe(1) + idx = 1 + while frm is not None: + if frm.f_globals.get('__name__', '').startswith('click.'): + frm = frm.f_back + idx += 1 + elif frm.f_code.co_flags & __future__.unicode_literals.compiler_flag: + return idx + else: + break + return 0 + + +def _check_for_unicode_literals(): + if not __debug__: + return + if not PY2 or click.disable_unicode_literals_warning: + return + bad_frame = _find_unicode_literals_frame() + if bad_frame <= 0: + return + from warnings import warn + warn(Warning('Click detected the use of the unicode_literals ' + '__future__ import. This is heavily discouraged ' + 'because it can introduce subtle bugs in your ' + 'code. You should instead use explicit u"" literals ' + 'for your unicode strings. For more information see ' + 'https://click.palletsprojects.com/python3/'), + stacklevel=bad_frame) + + +def _verify_python3_env(): + """Ensures that the environment is good for unicode on Python 3.""" + if PY2: + return + try: + import locale + fs_enc = codecs.lookup(locale.getpreferredencoding()).name + except Exception: + fs_enc = 'ascii' + if fs_enc != 'ascii': + return + + extra = '' + if os.name == 'posix': + import subprocess + try: + rv = subprocess.Popen(['locale', '-a'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, + stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0] + except OSError: + rv = b'' + good_locales = set() + has_c_utf8 = False + + # Make sure we're operating on text here. + if isinstance(rv, bytes): + rv = rv.decode('ascii', 'replace') + + for line in rv.splitlines(): + locale = line.strip() + if locale.lower().endswith(('.utf-8', '.utf8')): + good_locales.add(locale) + if locale.lower() in ('c.utf8', 'c.utf-8'): + has_c_utf8 = True + + extra += '\n\n' + if not good_locales: + extra += ( + 'Additional information: on this system no suitable UTF-8\n' + 'locales were discovered. This most likely requires resolving\n' + 'by reconfiguring the locale system.' + ) + elif has_c_utf8: + extra += ( + 'This system supports the C.UTF-8 locale which is recommended.\n' + 'You might be able to resolve your issue by exporting the\n' + 'following environment variables:\n\n' + ' export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8\n' + ' export LANG=C.UTF-8' + ) + else: + extra += ( + 'This system lists a couple of UTF-8 supporting locales that\n' + 'you can pick from. The following suitable locales were\n' + 'discovered: %s' + ) % ', '.join(sorted(good_locales)) + + bad_locale = None + for locale in os.environ.get('LC_ALL'), os.environ.get('LANG'): + if locale and locale.lower().endswith(('.utf-8', '.utf8')): + bad_locale = locale + if locale is not None: + break + if bad_locale is not None: + extra += ( + '\n\nClick discovered that you exported a UTF-8 locale\n' + 'but the locale system could not pick up from it because\n' + 'it does not exist. The exported locale is "%s" but it\n' + 'is not supported' + ) % bad_locale + + raise RuntimeError( + 'Click will abort further execution because Python 3 was' + ' configured to use ASCII as encoding for the environment.' + ' Consult https://click.palletsprojects.com/en/7.x/python3/ for' + ' mitigation steps.' + extra + ) diff --git a/python/click/_winconsole.py b/python/click/_winconsole.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bbb080d --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/_winconsole.py @@ -0,0 +1,307 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +# This module is based on the excellent work by Adam Bartoš who +# provided a lot of what went into the implementation here in +# the discussion to issue1602 in the Python bug tracker. +# +# There are some general differences in regards to how this works +# compared to the original patches as we do not need to patch +# the entire interpreter but just work in our little world of +# echo and prmopt. + +import io +import os +import sys +import zlib +import time +import ctypes +import msvcrt +from ._compat import _NonClosingTextIOWrapper, text_type, PY2 +from ctypes import byref, POINTER, c_int, c_char, c_char_p, \ + c_void_p, py_object, c_ssize_t, c_ulong, windll, WINFUNCTYPE +try: + from ctypes import pythonapi + PyObject_GetBuffer = pythonapi.PyObject_GetBuffer + PyBuffer_Release = pythonapi.PyBuffer_Release +except ImportError: + pythonapi = None +from ctypes.wintypes import LPWSTR, LPCWSTR + + +c_ssize_p = POINTER(c_ssize_t) + +kernel32 = windll.kernel32 +GetStdHandle = kernel32.GetStdHandle +ReadConsoleW = kernel32.ReadConsoleW +WriteConsoleW = kernel32.WriteConsoleW +GetLastError = kernel32.GetLastError +GetCommandLineW = WINFUNCTYPE(LPWSTR)( + ('GetCommandLineW', windll.kernel32)) +CommandLineToArgvW = WINFUNCTYPE( + POINTER(LPWSTR), LPCWSTR, POINTER(c_int))( + ('CommandLineToArgvW', windll.shell32)) + + +STDIN_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-10) +STDOUT_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-11) +STDERR_HANDLE = GetStdHandle(-12) + + +PyBUF_SIMPLE = 0 +PyBUF_WRITABLE = 1 + +ERROR_SUCCESS = 0 +ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY = 8 +ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED = 995 + +STDIN_FILENO = 0 +STDOUT_FILENO = 1 +STDERR_FILENO = 2 + +EOF = b'\x1a' +MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN = 32767 + + +class Py_buffer(ctypes.Structure): + _fields_ = [ + ('buf', c_void_p), + ('obj', py_object), + ('len', c_ssize_t), + ('itemsize', c_ssize_t), + ('readonly', c_int), + ('ndim', c_int), + ('format', c_char_p), + ('shape', c_ssize_p), + ('strides', c_ssize_p), + ('suboffsets', c_ssize_p), + ('internal', c_void_p) + ] + + if PY2: + _fields_.insert(-1, ('smalltable', c_ssize_t * 2)) + + +# On PyPy we cannot get buffers so our ability to operate here is +# serverly limited. +if pythonapi is None: + get_buffer = None +else: + def get_buffer(obj, writable=False): + buf = Py_buffer() + flags = PyBUF_WRITABLE if writable else PyBUF_SIMPLE + PyObject_GetBuffer(py_object(obj), byref(buf), flags) + try: + buffer_type = c_char * buf.len + return buffer_type.from_address(buf.buf) + finally: + PyBuffer_Release(byref(buf)) + + +class _WindowsConsoleRawIOBase(io.RawIOBase): + + def __init__(self, handle): + self.handle = handle + + def isatty(self): + io.RawIOBase.isatty(self) + return True + + +class _WindowsConsoleReader(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase): + + def readable(self): + return True + + def readinto(self, b): + bytes_to_be_read = len(b) + if not bytes_to_be_read: + return 0 + elif bytes_to_be_read % 2: + raise ValueError('cannot read odd number of bytes from ' + 'UTF-16-LE encoded console') + + buffer = get_buffer(b, writable=True) + code_units_to_be_read = bytes_to_be_read // 2 + code_units_read = c_ulong() + + rv = ReadConsoleW(self.handle, buffer, code_units_to_be_read, + byref(code_units_read), None) + if GetLastError() == ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED: + # wait for KeyboardInterrupt + time.sleep(0.1) + if not rv: + raise OSError('Windows error: %s' % GetLastError()) + + if buffer[0] == EOF: + return 0 + return 2 * code_units_read.value + + +class _WindowsConsoleWriter(_WindowsConsoleRawIOBase): + + def writable(self): + return True + + @staticmethod + def _get_error_message(errno): + if errno == ERROR_SUCCESS: + return 'ERROR_SUCCESS' + elif errno == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY: + return 'ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY' + return 'Windows error %s' % errno + + def write(self, b): + bytes_to_be_written = len(b) + buf = get_buffer(b) + code_units_to_be_written = min(bytes_to_be_written, + MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) // 2 + code_units_written = c_ulong() + + WriteConsoleW(self.handle, buf, code_units_to_be_written, + byref(code_units_written), None) + bytes_written = 2 * code_units_written.value + + if bytes_written == 0 and bytes_to_be_written > 0: + raise OSError(self._get_error_message(GetLastError())) + return bytes_written + + +class ConsoleStream(object): + + def __init__(self, text_stream, byte_stream): + self._text_stream = text_stream + self.buffer = byte_stream + + @property + def name(self): + return self.buffer.name + + def write(self, x): + if isinstance(x, text_type): + return self._text_stream.write(x) + try: + self.flush() + except Exception: + pass + return self.buffer.write(x) + + def writelines(self, lines): + for line in lines: + self.write(line) + + def __getattr__(self, name): + return getattr(self._text_stream, name) + + def isatty(self): + return self.buffer.isatty() + + def __repr__(self): + return '' % ( + self.name, + self.encoding, + ) + + +class WindowsChunkedWriter(object): + """ + Wraps a stream (such as stdout), acting as a transparent proxy for all + attribute access apart from method 'write()' which we wrap to write in + limited chunks due to a Windows limitation on binary console streams. + """ + def __init__(self, wrapped): + # double-underscore everything to prevent clashes with names of + # attributes on the wrapped stream object. + self.__wrapped = wrapped + + def __getattr__(self, name): + return getattr(self.__wrapped, name) + + def write(self, text): + total_to_write = len(text) + written = 0 + + while written < total_to_write: + to_write = min(total_to_write - written, MAX_BYTES_WRITTEN) + self.__wrapped.write(text[written:written+to_write]) + written += to_write + + +_wrapped_std_streams = set() + + +def _wrap_std_stream(name): + # Python 2 & Windows 7 and below + if PY2 and sys.getwindowsversion()[:2] <= (6, 1) and name not in _wrapped_std_streams: + setattr(sys, name, WindowsChunkedWriter(getattr(sys, name))) + _wrapped_std_streams.add(name) + + +def _get_text_stdin(buffer_stream): + text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper( + io.BufferedReader(_WindowsConsoleReader(STDIN_HANDLE)), + 'utf-16-le', 'strict', line_buffering=True) + return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream) + + +def _get_text_stdout(buffer_stream): + text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper( + io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDOUT_HANDLE)), + 'utf-16-le', 'strict', line_buffering=True) + return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream) + + +def _get_text_stderr(buffer_stream): + text_stream = _NonClosingTextIOWrapper( + io.BufferedWriter(_WindowsConsoleWriter(STDERR_HANDLE)), + 'utf-16-le', 'strict', line_buffering=True) + return ConsoleStream(text_stream, buffer_stream) + + +if PY2: + def _hash_py_argv(): + return zlib.crc32('\x00'.join(sys.argv[1:])) + + _initial_argv_hash = _hash_py_argv() + + def _get_windows_argv(): + argc = c_int(0) + argv_unicode = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), byref(argc)) + argv = [argv_unicode[i] for i in range(0, argc.value)] + + if not hasattr(sys, 'frozen'): + argv = argv[1:] + while len(argv) > 0: + arg = argv[0] + if not arg.startswith('-') or arg == '-': + break + argv = argv[1:] + if arg.startswith(('-c', '-m')): + break + + return argv[1:] + + +_stream_factories = { + 0: _get_text_stdin, + 1: _get_text_stdout, + 2: _get_text_stderr, +} + + +def _get_windows_console_stream(f, encoding, errors): + if get_buffer is not None and \ + encoding in ('utf-16-le', None) \ + and errors in ('strict', None) and \ + hasattr(f, 'isatty') and f.isatty(): + func = _stream_factories.get(f.fileno()) + if func is not None: + if not PY2: + f = getattr(f, 'buffer', None) + if f is None: + return None + else: + # If we are on Python 2 we need to set the stream that we + # deal with to binary mode as otherwise the exercise if a + # bit moot. The same problems apply as for + # get_binary_stdin and friends from _compat. + msvcrt.setmode(f.fileno(), os.O_BINARY) + return func(f) diff --git a/python/click/core.py b/python/click/core.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a1e342 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/core.py @@ -0,0 +1,1856 @@ +import errno +import inspect +import os +import sys +from contextlib import contextmanager +from itertools import repeat +from functools import update_wrapper + +from .types import convert_type, IntRange, BOOL +from .utils import PacifyFlushWrapper, make_str, make_default_short_help, \ + echo, get_os_args +from .exceptions import ClickException, UsageError, BadParameter, Abort, \ + MissingParameter, Exit +from .termui import prompt, confirm, style +from .formatting import HelpFormatter, join_options +from .parser import OptionParser, split_opt +from .globals import push_context, pop_context + +from ._compat import PY2, isidentifier, iteritems, string_types +from ._unicodefun import _check_for_unicode_literals, _verify_python3_env + + +_missing = object() + + +SUBCOMMAND_METAVAR = 'COMMAND [ARGS]...' +SUBCOMMANDS_METAVAR = 'COMMAND1 [ARGS]... [COMMAND2 [ARGS]...]...' + +DEPRECATED_HELP_NOTICE = ' (DEPRECATED)' +DEPRECATED_INVOKE_NOTICE = 'DeprecationWarning: ' + \ + 'The command %(name)s is deprecated.' + + +def _maybe_show_deprecated_notice(cmd): + if cmd.deprecated: + echo(style(DEPRECATED_INVOKE_NOTICE % {'name': cmd.name}, fg='red'), err=True) + + +def fast_exit(code): + """Exit without garbage collection, this speeds up exit by about 10ms for + things like bash completion. + """ + sys.stdout.flush() + sys.stderr.flush() + os._exit(code) + + +def _bashcomplete(cmd, prog_name, complete_var=None): + """Internal handler for the bash completion support.""" + if complete_var is None: + complete_var = '_%s_COMPLETE' % (prog_name.replace('-', '_')).upper() + complete_instr = os.environ.get(complete_var) + if not complete_instr: + return + + from ._bashcomplete import bashcomplete + if bashcomplete(cmd, prog_name, complete_var, complete_instr): + fast_exit(1) + + +def _check_multicommand(base_command, cmd_name, cmd, register=False): + if not base_command.chain or not isinstance(cmd, MultiCommand): + return + if register: + hint = 'It is not possible to add multi commands as children to ' \ + 'another multi command that is in chain mode' + else: + hint = 'Found a multi command as subcommand to a multi command ' \ + 'that is in chain mode. This is not supported' + raise RuntimeError('%s. Command "%s" is set to chain and "%s" was ' + 'added as subcommand but it in itself is a ' + 'multi command. ("%s" is a %s within a chained ' + '%s named "%s").' % ( + hint, base_command.name, cmd_name, + cmd_name, cmd.__class__.__name__, + base_command.__class__.__name__, + base_command.name)) + + +def batch(iterable, batch_size): + return list(zip(*repeat(iter(iterable), batch_size))) + + +def invoke_param_callback(callback, ctx, param, value): + code = getattr(callback, '__code__', None) + args = getattr(code, 'co_argcount', 3) + + if args < 3: + # This will become a warning in Click 3.0: + from warnings import warn + warn(Warning('Invoked legacy parameter callback "%s". The new ' + 'signature for such callbacks starting with ' + 'click 2.0 is (ctx, param, value).' + % callback), stacklevel=3) + return callback(ctx, value) + return callback(ctx, param, value) + + +@contextmanager +def augment_usage_errors(ctx, param=None): + """Context manager that attaches extra information to exceptions that + fly. + """ + try: + yield + except BadParameter as e: + if e.ctx is None: + e.ctx = ctx + if param is not None and e.param is None: + e.param = param + raise + except UsageError as e: + if e.ctx is None: + e.ctx = ctx + raise + + +def iter_params_for_processing(invocation_order, declaration_order): + """Given a sequence of parameters in the order as should be considered + for processing and an iterable of parameters that exist, this returns + a list in the correct order as they should be processed. + """ + def sort_key(item): + try: + idx = invocation_order.index(item) + except ValueError: + idx = float('inf') + return (not item.is_eager, idx) + + return sorted(declaration_order, key=sort_key) + + +class Context(object): + """The context is a special internal object that holds state relevant + for the script execution at every single level. It's normally invisible + to commands unless they opt-in to getting access to it. + + The context is useful as it can pass internal objects around and can + control special execution features such as reading data from + environment variables. + + A context can be used as context manager in which case it will call + :meth:`close` on teardown. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + Added the `resilient_parsing`, `help_option_names`, + `token_normalize_func` parameters. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + Added the `allow_extra_args` and `allow_interspersed_args` + parameters. + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + Added the `color`, `ignore_unknown_options`, and + `max_content_width` parameters. + + :param command: the command class for this context. + :param parent: the parent context. + :param info_name: the info name for this invocation. Generally this + is the most descriptive name for the script or + command. For the toplevel script it is usually + the name of the script, for commands below it it's + the name of the script. + :param obj: an arbitrary object of user data. + :param auto_envvar_prefix: the prefix to use for automatic environment + variables. If this is `None` then reading + from environment variables is disabled. This + does not affect manually set environment + variables which are always read. + :param default_map: a dictionary (like object) with default values + for parameters. + :param terminal_width: the width of the terminal. The default is + inherit from parent context. If no context + defines the terminal width then auto + detection will be applied. + :param max_content_width: the maximum width for content rendered by + Click (this currently only affects help + pages). This defaults to 80 characters if + not overridden. In other words: even if the + terminal is larger than that, Click will not + format things wider than 80 characters by + default. In addition to that, formatters might + add some safety mapping on the right. + :param resilient_parsing: if this flag is enabled then Click will + parse without any interactivity or callback + invocation. Default values will also be + ignored. This is useful for implementing + things such as completion support. + :param allow_extra_args: if this is set to `True` then extra arguments + at the end will not raise an error and will be + kept on the context. The default is to inherit + from the command. + :param allow_interspersed_args: if this is set to `False` then options + and arguments cannot be mixed. The + default is to inherit from the command. + :param ignore_unknown_options: instructs click to ignore options it does + not know and keeps them for later + processing. + :param help_option_names: optionally a list of strings that define how + the default help parameter is named. The + default is ``['--help']``. + :param token_normalize_func: an optional function that is used to + normalize tokens (options, choices, + etc.). This for instance can be used to + implement case insensitive behavior. + :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The + default is autodetection. This is only needed if ANSI + codes are used in texts that Click prints which is by + default not the case. This for instance would affect + help output. + """ + + def __init__(self, command, parent=None, info_name=None, obj=None, + auto_envvar_prefix=None, default_map=None, + terminal_width=None, max_content_width=None, + resilient_parsing=False, allow_extra_args=None, + allow_interspersed_args=None, + ignore_unknown_options=None, help_option_names=None, + token_normalize_func=None, color=None): + #: the parent context or `None` if none exists. + self.parent = parent + #: the :class:`Command` for this context. + self.command = command + #: the descriptive information name + self.info_name = info_name + #: the parsed parameters except if the value is hidden in which + #: case it's not remembered. + self.params = {} + #: the leftover arguments. + self.args = [] + #: protected arguments. These are arguments that are prepended + #: to `args` when certain parsing scenarios are encountered but + #: must be never propagated to another arguments. This is used + #: to implement nested parsing. + self.protected_args = [] + if obj is None and parent is not None: + obj = parent.obj + #: the user object stored. + self.obj = obj + self._meta = getattr(parent, 'meta', {}) + + #: A dictionary (-like object) with defaults for parameters. + if default_map is None \ + and parent is not None \ + and parent.default_map is not None: + default_map = parent.default_map.get(info_name) + self.default_map = default_map + + #: This flag indicates if a subcommand is going to be executed. A + #: group callback can use this information to figure out if it's + #: being executed directly or because the execution flow passes + #: onwards to a subcommand. By default it's None, but it can be + #: the name of the subcommand to execute. + #: + #: If chaining is enabled this will be set to ``'*'`` in case + #: any commands are executed. It is however not possible to + #: figure out which ones. If you require this knowledge you + #: should use a :func:`resultcallback`. + self.invoked_subcommand = None + + if terminal_width is None and parent is not None: + terminal_width = parent.terminal_width + #: The width of the terminal (None is autodetection). + self.terminal_width = terminal_width + + if max_content_width is None and parent is not None: + max_content_width = parent.max_content_width + #: The maximum width of formatted content (None implies a sensible + #: default which is 80 for most things). + self.max_content_width = max_content_width + + if allow_extra_args is None: + allow_extra_args = command.allow_extra_args + #: Indicates if the context allows extra args or if it should + #: fail on parsing. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 3.0 + self.allow_extra_args = allow_extra_args + + if allow_interspersed_args is None: + allow_interspersed_args = command.allow_interspersed_args + #: Indicates if the context allows mixing of arguments and + #: options or not. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 3.0 + self.allow_interspersed_args = allow_interspersed_args + + if ignore_unknown_options is None: + ignore_unknown_options = command.ignore_unknown_options + #: Instructs click to ignore options that a command does not + #: understand and will store it on the context for later + #: processing. This is primarily useful for situations where you + #: want to call into external programs. Generally this pattern is + #: strongly discouraged because it's not possibly to losslessly + #: forward all arguments. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 4.0 + self.ignore_unknown_options = ignore_unknown_options + + if help_option_names is None: + if parent is not None: + help_option_names = parent.help_option_names + else: + help_option_names = ['--help'] + + #: The names for the help options. + self.help_option_names = help_option_names + + if token_normalize_func is None and parent is not None: + token_normalize_func = parent.token_normalize_func + + #: An optional normalization function for tokens. This is + #: options, choices, commands etc. + self.token_normalize_func = token_normalize_func + + #: Indicates if resilient parsing is enabled. In that case Click + #: will do its best to not cause any failures and default values + #: will be ignored. Useful for completion. + self.resilient_parsing = resilient_parsing + + # If there is no envvar prefix yet, but the parent has one and + # the command on this level has a name, we can expand the envvar + # prefix automatically. + if auto_envvar_prefix is None: + if parent is not None \ + and parent.auto_envvar_prefix is not None and \ + self.info_name is not None: + auto_envvar_prefix = '%s_%s' % (parent.auto_envvar_prefix, + self.info_name.upper()) + else: + auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix.upper() + self.auto_envvar_prefix = auto_envvar_prefix + + if color is None and parent is not None: + color = parent.color + + #: Controls if styling output is wanted or not. + self.color = color + + self._close_callbacks = [] + self._depth = 0 + + def __enter__(self): + self._depth += 1 + push_context(self) + return self + + def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb): + self._depth -= 1 + if self._depth == 0: + self.close() + pop_context() + + @contextmanager + def scope(self, cleanup=True): + """This helper method can be used with the context object to promote + it to the current thread local (see :func:`get_current_context`). + The default behavior of this is to invoke the cleanup functions which + can be disabled by setting `cleanup` to `False`. The cleanup + functions are typically used for things such as closing file handles. + + If the cleanup is intended the context object can also be directly + used as a context manager. + + Example usage:: + + with ctx.scope(): + assert get_current_context() is ctx + + This is equivalent:: + + with ctx: + assert get_current_context() is ctx + + .. versionadded:: 5.0 + + :param cleanup: controls if the cleanup functions should be run or + not. The default is to run these functions. In + some situations the context only wants to be + temporarily pushed in which case this can be disabled. + Nested pushes automatically defer the cleanup. + """ + if not cleanup: + self._depth += 1 + try: + with self as rv: + yield rv + finally: + if not cleanup: + self._depth -= 1 + + @property + def meta(self): + """This is a dictionary which is shared with all the contexts + that are nested. It exists so that click utilities can store some + state here if they need to. It is however the responsibility of + that code to manage this dictionary well. + + The keys are supposed to be unique dotted strings. For instance + module paths are a good choice for it. What is stored in there is + irrelevant for the operation of click. However what is important is + that code that places data here adheres to the general semantics of + the system. + + Example usage:: + + LANG_KEY = __name__ + '.lang' + + def set_language(value): + ctx = get_current_context() + ctx.meta[LANG_KEY] = value + + def get_language(): + return get_current_context().meta.get(LANG_KEY, 'en_US') + + .. versionadded:: 5.0 + """ + return self._meta + + def make_formatter(self): + """Creates the formatter for the help and usage output.""" + return HelpFormatter(width=self.terminal_width, + max_width=self.max_content_width) + + def call_on_close(self, f): + """This decorator remembers a function as callback that should be + executed when the context tears down. This is most useful to bind + resource handling to the script execution. For instance, file objects + opened by the :class:`File` type will register their close callbacks + here. + + :param f: the function to execute on teardown. + """ + self._close_callbacks.append(f) + return f + + def close(self): + """Invokes all close callbacks.""" + for cb in self._close_callbacks: + cb() + self._close_callbacks = [] + + @property + def command_path(self): + """The computed command path. This is used for the ``usage`` + information on the help page. It's automatically created by + combining the info names of the chain of contexts to the root. + """ + rv = '' + if self.info_name is not None: + rv = self.info_name + if self.parent is not None: + rv = self.parent.command_path + ' ' + rv + return rv.lstrip() + + def find_root(self): + """Finds the outermost context.""" + node = self + while node.parent is not None: + node = node.parent + return node + + def find_object(self, object_type): + """Finds the closest object of a given type.""" + node = self + while node is not None: + if isinstance(node.obj, object_type): + return node.obj + node = node.parent + + def ensure_object(self, object_type): + """Like :meth:`find_object` but sets the innermost object to a + new instance of `object_type` if it does not exist. + """ + rv = self.find_object(object_type) + if rv is None: + self.obj = rv = object_type() + return rv + + def lookup_default(self, name): + """Looks up the default for a parameter name. This by default + looks into the :attr:`default_map` if available. + """ + if self.default_map is not None: + rv = self.default_map.get(name) + if callable(rv): + rv = rv() + return rv + + def fail(self, message): + """Aborts the execution of the program with a specific error + message. + + :param message: the error message to fail with. + """ + raise UsageError(message, self) + + def abort(self): + """Aborts the script.""" + raise Abort() + + def exit(self, code=0): + """Exits the application with a given exit code.""" + raise Exit(code) + + def get_usage(self): + """Helper method to get formatted usage string for the current + context and command. + """ + return self.command.get_usage(self) + + def get_help(self): + """Helper method to get formatted help page for the current + context and command. + """ + return self.command.get_help(self) + + def invoke(*args, **kwargs): + """Invokes a command callback in exactly the way it expects. There + are two ways to invoke this method: + + 1. the first argument can be a callback and all other arguments and + keyword arguments are forwarded directly to the function. + 2. the first argument is a click command object. In that case all + arguments are forwarded as well but proper click parameters + (options and click arguments) must be keyword arguments and Click + will fill in defaults. + + Note that before Click 3.2 keyword arguments were not properly filled + in against the intention of this code and no context was created. For + more information about this change and why it was done in a bugfix + release see :ref:`upgrade-to-3.2`. + """ + self, callback = args[:2] + ctx = self + + # It's also possible to invoke another command which might or + # might not have a callback. In that case we also fill + # in defaults and make a new context for this command. + if isinstance(callback, Command): + other_cmd = callback + callback = other_cmd.callback + ctx = Context(other_cmd, info_name=other_cmd.name, parent=self) + if callback is None: + raise TypeError('The given command does not have a ' + 'callback that can be invoked.') + + for param in other_cmd.params: + if param.name not in kwargs and param.expose_value: + kwargs[param.name] = param.get_default(ctx) + + args = args[2:] + with augment_usage_errors(self): + with ctx: + return callback(*args, **kwargs) + + def forward(*args, **kwargs): + """Similar to :meth:`invoke` but fills in default keyword + arguments from the current context if the other command expects + it. This cannot invoke callbacks directly, only other commands. + """ + self, cmd = args[:2] + + # It's also possible to invoke another command which might or + # might not have a callback. + if not isinstance(cmd, Command): + raise TypeError('Callback is not a command.') + + for param in self.params: + if param not in kwargs: + kwargs[param] = self.params[param] + + return self.invoke(cmd, **kwargs) + + +class BaseCommand(object): + """The base command implements the minimal API contract of commands. + Most code will never use this as it does not implement a lot of useful + functionality but it can act as the direct subclass of alternative + parsing methods that do not depend on the Click parser. + + For instance, this can be used to bridge Click and other systems like + argparse or docopt. + + Because base commands do not implement a lot of the API that other + parts of Click take for granted, they are not supported for all + operations. For instance, they cannot be used with the decorators + usually and they have no built-in callback system. + + .. versionchanged:: 2.0 + Added the `context_settings` parameter. + + :param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it. + :param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are + passed to the context object. + """ + #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_extra_args` flag. + allow_extra_args = False + #: the default for the :attr:`Context.allow_interspersed_args` flag. + allow_interspersed_args = True + #: the default for the :attr:`Context.ignore_unknown_options` flag. + ignore_unknown_options = False + + def __init__(self, name, context_settings=None): + #: the name the command thinks it has. Upon registering a command + #: on a :class:`Group` the group will default the command name + #: with this information. You should instead use the + #: :class:`Context`\'s :attr:`~Context.info_name` attribute. + self.name = name + if context_settings is None: + context_settings = {} + #: an optional dictionary with defaults passed to the context. + self.context_settings = context_settings + + def get_usage(self, ctx): + raise NotImplementedError('Base commands cannot get usage') + + def get_help(self, ctx): + raise NotImplementedError('Base commands cannot get help') + + def make_context(self, info_name, args, parent=None, **extra): + """This function when given an info name and arguments will kick + off the parsing and create a new :class:`Context`. It does not + invoke the actual command callback though. + + :param info_name: the info name for this invokation. Generally this + is the most descriptive name for the script or + command. For the toplevel script it's usually + the name of the script, for commands below it it's + the name of the script. + :param args: the arguments to parse as list of strings. + :param parent: the parent context if available. + :param extra: extra keyword arguments forwarded to the context + constructor. + """ + for key, value in iteritems(self.context_settings): + if key not in extra: + extra[key] = value + ctx = Context(self, info_name=info_name, parent=parent, **extra) + with ctx.scope(cleanup=False): + self.parse_args(ctx, args) + return ctx + + def parse_args(self, ctx, args): + """Given a context and a list of arguments this creates the parser + and parses the arguments, then modifies the context as necessary. + This is automatically invoked by :meth:`make_context`. + """ + raise NotImplementedError('Base commands do not know how to parse ' + 'arguments.') + + def invoke(self, ctx): + """Given a context, this invokes the command. The default + implementation is raising a not implemented error. + """ + raise NotImplementedError('Base commands are not invokable by default') + + def main(self, args=None, prog_name=None, complete_var=None, + standalone_mode=True, **extra): + """This is the way to invoke a script with all the bells and + whistles as a command line application. This will always terminate + the application after a call. If this is not wanted, ``SystemExit`` + needs to be caught. + + This method is also available by directly calling the instance of + a :class:`Command`. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + Added the `standalone_mode` flag to control the standalone mode. + + :param args: the arguments that should be used for parsing. If not + provided, ``sys.argv[1:]`` is used. + :param prog_name: the program name that should be used. By default + the program name is constructed by taking the file + name from ``sys.argv[0]``. + :param complete_var: the environment variable that controls the + bash completion support. The default is + ``"__COMPLETE"`` with prog_name in + uppercase. + :param standalone_mode: the default behavior is to invoke the script + in standalone mode. Click will then + handle exceptions and convert them into + error messages and the function will never + return but shut down the interpreter. If + this is set to `False` they will be + propagated to the caller and the return + value of this function is the return value + of :meth:`invoke`. + :param extra: extra keyword arguments are forwarded to the context + constructor. See :class:`Context` for more information. + """ + # If we are in Python 3, we will verify that the environment is + # sane at this point or reject further execution to avoid a + # broken script. + if not PY2: + _verify_python3_env() + else: + _check_for_unicode_literals() + + if args is None: + args = get_os_args() + else: + args = list(args) + + if prog_name is None: + prog_name = make_str(os.path.basename( + sys.argv and sys.argv[0] or __file__)) + + # Hook for the Bash completion. This only activates if the Bash + # completion is actually enabled, otherwise this is quite a fast + # noop. + _bashcomplete(self, prog_name, complete_var) + + try: + try: + with self.make_context(prog_name, args, **extra) as ctx: + rv = self.invoke(ctx) + if not standalone_mode: + return rv + # it's not safe to `ctx.exit(rv)` here! + # note that `rv` may actually contain data like "1" which + # has obvious effects + # more subtle case: `rv=[None, None]` can come out of + # chained commands which all returned `None` -- so it's not + # even always obvious that `rv` indicates success/failure + # by its truthiness/falsiness + ctx.exit() + except (EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt): + echo(file=sys.stderr) + raise Abort() + except ClickException as e: + if not standalone_mode: + raise + e.show() + sys.exit(e.exit_code) + except IOError as e: + if e.errno == errno.EPIPE: + sys.stdout = PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stdout) + sys.stderr = PacifyFlushWrapper(sys.stderr) + sys.exit(1) + else: + raise + except Exit as e: + if standalone_mode: + sys.exit(e.exit_code) + else: + # in non-standalone mode, return the exit code + # note that this is only reached if `self.invoke` above raises + # an Exit explicitly -- thus bypassing the check there which + # would return its result + # the results of non-standalone execution may therefore be + # somewhat ambiguous: if there are codepaths which lead to + # `ctx.exit(1)` and to `return 1`, the caller won't be able to + # tell the difference between the two + return e.exit_code + except Abort: + if not standalone_mode: + raise + echo('Aborted!', file=sys.stderr) + sys.exit(1) + + def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): + """Alias for :meth:`main`.""" + return self.main(*args, **kwargs) + + +class Command(BaseCommand): + """Commands are the basic building block of command line interfaces in + Click. A basic command handles command line parsing and might dispatch + more parsing to commands nested below it. + + .. versionchanged:: 2.0 + Added the `context_settings` parameter. + + :param name: the name of the command to use unless a group overrides it. + :param context_settings: an optional dictionary with defaults that are + passed to the context object. + :param callback: the callback to invoke. This is optional. + :param params: the parameters to register with this command. This can + be either :class:`Option` or :class:`Argument` objects. + :param help: the help string to use for this command. + :param epilog: like the help string but it's printed at the end of the + help page after everything else. + :param short_help: the short help to use for this command. This is + shown on the command listing of the parent command. + :param add_help_option: by default each command registers a ``--help`` + option. This can be disabled by this parameter. + :param hidden: hide this command from help outputs. + + :param deprecated: issues a message indicating that + the command is deprecated. + """ + + def __init__(self, name, context_settings=None, callback=None, + params=None, help=None, epilog=None, short_help=None, + options_metavar='[OPTIONS]', add_help_option=True, + hidden=False, deprecated=False): + BaseCommand.__init__(self, name, context_settings) + #: the callback to execute when the command fires. This might be + #: `None` in which case nothing happens. + self.callback = callback + #: the list of parameters for this command in the order they + #: should show up in the help page and execute. Eager parameters + #: will automatically be handled before non eager ones. + self.params = params or [] + # if a form feed (page break) is found in the help text, truncate help + # text to the content preceding the first form feed + if help and '\f' in help: + help = help.split('\f', 1)[0] + self.help = help + self.epilog = epilog + self.options_metavar = options_metavar + self.short_help = short_help + self.add_help_option = add_help_option + self.hidden = hidden + self.deprecated = deprecated + + def get_usage(self, ctx): + formatter = ctx.make_formatter() + self.format_usage(ctx, formatter) + return formatter.getvalue().rstrip('\n') + + def get_params(self, ctx): + rv = self.params + help_option = self.get_help_option(ctx) + if help_option is not None: + rv = rv + [help_option] + return rv + + def format_usage(self, ctx, formatter): + """Writes the usage line into the formatter.""" + pieces = self.collect_usage_pieces(ctx) + formatter.write_usage(ctx.command_path, ' '.join(pieces)) + + def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx): + """Returns all the pieces that go into the usage line and returns + it as a list of strings. + """ + rv = [self.options_metavar] + for param in self.get_params(ctx): + rv.extend(param.get_usage_pieces(ctx)) + return rv + + def get_help_option_names(self, ctx): + """Returns the names for the help option.""" + all_names = set(ctx.help_option_names) + for param in self.params: + all_names.difference_update(param.opts) + all_names.difference_update(param.secondary_opts) + return all_names + + def get_help_option(self, ctx): + """Returns the help option object.""" + help_options = self.get_help_option_names(ctx) + if not help_options or not self.add_help_option: + return + + def show_help(ctx, param, value): + if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing: + echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color) + ctx.exit() + return Option(help_options, is_flag=True, + is_eager=True, expose_value=False, + callback=show_help, + help='Show this message and exit.') + + def make_parser(self, ctx): + """Creates the underlying option parser for this command.""" + parser = OptionParser(ctx) + for param in self.get_params(ctx): + param.add_to_parser(parser, ctx) + return parser + + def get_help(self, ctx): + """Formats the help into a string and returns it. This creates a + formatter and will call into the following formatting methods: + """ + formatter = ctx.make_formatter() + self.format_help(ctx, formatter) + return formatter.getvalue().rstrip('\n') + + def get_short_help_str(self, limit=45): + """Gets short help for the command or makes it by shortening the long help string.""" + return self.short_help or self.help and make_default_short_help(self.help, limit) or '' + + def format_help(self, ctx, formatter): + """Writes the help into the formatter if it exists. + + This calls into the following methods: + + - :meth:`format_usage` + - :meth:`format_help_text` + - :meth:`format_options` + - :meth:`format_epilog` + """ + self.format_usage(ctx, formatter) + self.format_help_text(ctx, formatter) + self.format_options(ctx, formatter) + self.format_epilog(ctx, formatter) + + def format_help_text(self, ctx, formatter): + """Writes the help text to the formatter if it exists.""" + if self.help: + formatter.write_paragraph() + with formatter.indentation(): + help_text = self.help + if self.deprecated: + help_text += DEPRECATED_HELP_NOTICE + formatter.write_text(help_text) + elif self.deprecated: + formatter.write_paragraph() + with formatter.indentation(): + formatter.write_text(DEPRECATED_HELP_NOTICE) + + def format_options(self, ctx, formatter): + """Writes all the options into the formatter if they exist.""" + opts = [] + for param in self.get_params(ctx): + rv = param.get_help_record(ctx) + if rv is not None: + opts.append(rv) + + if opts: + with formatter.section('Options'): + formatter.write_dl(opts) + + def format_epilog(self, ctx, formatter): + """Writes the epilog into the formatter if it exists.""" + if self.epilog: + formatter.write_paragraph() + with formatter.indentation(): + formatter.write_text(self.epilog) + + def parse_args(self, ctx, args): + parser = self.make_parser(ctx) + opts, args, param_order = parser.parse_args(args=args) + + for param in iter_params_for_processing( + param_order, self.get_params(ctx)): + value, args = param.handle_parse_result(ctx, opts, args) + + if args and not ctx.allow_extra_args and not ctx.resilient_parsing: + ctx.fail('Got unexpected extra argument%s (%s)' + % (len(args) != 1 and 's' or '', + ' '.join(map(make_str, args)))) + + ctx.args = args + return args + + def invoke(self, ctx): + """Given a context, this invokes the attached callback (if it exists) + in the right way. + """ + _maybe_show_deprecated_notice(self) + if self.callback is not None: + return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params) + + +class MultiCommand(Command): + """A multi command is the basic implementation of a command that + dispatches to subcommands. The most common version is the + :class:`Group`. + + :param invoke_without_command: this controls how the multi command itself + is invoked. By default it's only invoked + if a subcommand is provided. + :param no_args_is_help: this controls what happens if no arguments are + provided. This option is enabled by default if + `invoke_without_command` is disabled or disabled + if it's enabled. If enabled this will add + ``--help`` as argument if no arguments are + passed. + :param subcommand_metavar: the string that is used in the documentation + to indicate the subcommand place. + :param chain: if this is set to `True` chaining of multiple subcommands + is enabled. This restricts the form of commands in that + they cannot have optional arguments but it allows + multiple commands to be chained together. + :param result_callback: the result callback to attach to this multi + command. + """ + allow_extra_args = True + allow_interspersed_args = False + + def __init__(self, name=None, invoke_without_command=False, + no_args_is_help=None, subcommand_metavar=None, + chain=False, result_callback=None, **attrs): + Command.__init__(self, name, **attrs) + if no_args_is_help is None: + no_args_is_help = not invoke_without_command + self.no_args_is_help = no_args_is_help + self.invoke_without_command = invoke_without_command + if subcommand_metavar is None: + if chain: + subcommand_metavar = SUBCOMMANDS_METAVAR + else: + subcommand_metavar = SUBCOMMAND_METAVAR + self.subcommand_metavar = subcommand_metavar + self.chain = chain + #: The result callback that is stored. This can be set or + #: overridden with the :func:`resultcallback` decorator. + self.result_callback = result_callback + + if self.chain: + for param in self.params: + if isinstance(param, Argument) and not param.required: + raise RuntimeError('Multi commands in chain mode cannot ' + 'have optional arguments.') + + def collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx): + rv = Command.collect_usage_pieces(self, ctx) + rv.append(self.subcommand_metavar) + return rv + + def format_options(self, ctx, formatter): + Command.format_options(self, ctx, formatter) + self.format_commands(ctx, formatter) + + def resultcallback(self, replace=False): + """Adds a result callback to the chain command. By default if a + result callback is already registered this will chain them but + this can be disabled with the `replace` parameter. The result + callback is invoked with the return value of the subcommand + (or the list of return values from all subcommands if chaining + is enabled) as well as the parameters as they would be passed + to the main callback. + + Example:: + + @click.group() + @click.option('-i', '--input', default=23) + def cli(input): + return 42 + + @cli.resultcallback() + def process_result(result, input): + return result + input + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + + :param replace: if set to `True` an already existing result + callback will be removed. + """ + def decorator(f): + old_callback = self.result_callback + if old_callback is None or replace: + self.result_callback = f + return f + def function(__value, *args, **kwargs): + return f(old_callback(__value, *args, **kwargs), + *args, **kwargs) + self.result_callback = rv = update_wrapper(function, f) + return rv + return decorator + + def format_commands(self, ctx, formatter): + """Extra format methods for multi methods that adds all the commands + after the options. + """ + commands = [] + for subcommand in self.list_commands(ctx): + cmd = self.get_command(ctx, subcommand) + # What is this, the tool lied about a command. Ignore it + if cmd is None: + continue + if cmd.hidden: + continue + + commands.append((subcommand, cmd)) + + # allow for 3 times the default spacing + if len(commands): + limit = formatter.width - 6 - max(len(cmd[0]) for cmd in commands) + + rows = [] + for subcommand, cmd in commands: + help = cmd.get_short_help_str(limit) + rows.append((subcommand, help)) + + if rows: + with formatter.section('Commands'): + formatter.write_dl(rows) + + def parse_args(self, ctx, args): + if not args and self.no_args_is_help and not ctx.resilient_parsing: + echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color) + ctx.exit() + + rest = Command.parse_args(self, ctx, args) + if self.chain: + ctx.protected_args = rest + ctx.args = [] + elif rest: + ctx.protected_args, ctx.args = rest[:1], rest[1:] + + return ctx.args + + def invoke(self, ctx): + def _process_result(value): + if self.result_callback is not None: + value = ctx.invoke(self.result_callback, value, + **ctx.params) + return value + + if not ctx.protected_args: + # If we are invoked without command the chain flag controls + # how this happens. If we are not in chain mode, the return + # value here is the return value of the command. + # If however we are in chain mode, the return value is the + # return value of the result processor invoked with an empty + # list (which means that no subcommand actually was executed). + if self.invoke_without_command: + if not self.chain: + return Command.invoke(self, ctx) + with ctx: + Command.invoke(self, ctx) + return _process_result([]) + ctx.fail('Missing command.') + + # Fetch args back out + args = ctx.protected_args + ctx.args + ctx.args = [] + ctx.protected_args = [] + + # If we're not in chain mode, we only allow the invocation of a + # single command but we also inform the current context about the + # name of the command to invoke. + if not self.chain: + # Make sure the context is entered so we do not clean up + # resources until the result processor has worked. + with ctx: + cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args) + ctx.invoked_subcommand = cmd_name + Command.invoke(self, ctx) + sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx) + with sub_ctx: + return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx)) + + # In chain mode we create the contexts step by step, but after the + # base command has been invoked. Because at that point we do not + # know the subcommands yet, the invoked subcommand attribute is + # set to ``*`` to inform the command that subcommands are executed + # but nothing else. + with ctx: + ctx.invoked_subcommand = args and '*' or None + Command.invoke(self, ctx) + + # Otherwise we make every single context and invoke them in a + # chain. In that case the return value to the result processor + # is the list of all invoked subcommand's results. + contexts = [] + while args: + cmd_name, cmd, args = self.resolve_command(ctx, args) + sub_ctx = cmd.make_context(cmd_name, args, parent=ctx, + allow_extra_args=True, + allow_interspersed_args=False) + contexts.append(sub_ctx) + args, sub_ctx.args = sub_ctx.args, [] + + rv = [] + for sub_ctx in contexts: + with sub_ctx: + rv.append(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx)) + return _process_result(rv) + + def resolve_command(self, ctx, args): + cmd_name = make_str(args[0]) + original_cmd_name = cmd_name + + # Get the command + cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name) + + # If we can't find the command but there is a normalization + # function available, we try with that one. + if cmd is None and ctx.token_normalize_func is not None: + cmd_name = ctx.token_normalize_func(cmd_name) + cmd = self.get_command(ctx, cmd_name) + + # If we don't find the command we want to show an error message + # to the user that it was not provided. However, there is + # something else we should do: if the first argument looks like + # an option we want to kick off parsing again for arguments to + # resolve things like --help which now should go to the main + # place. + if cmd is None and not ctx.resilient_parsing: + if split_opt(cmd_name)[0]: + self.parse_args(ctx, ctx.args) + ctx.fail('No such command "%s".' % original_cmd_name) + + return cmd_name, cmd, args[1:] + + def get_command(self, ctx, cmd_name): + """Given a context and a command name, this returns a + :class:`Command` object if it exists or returns `None`. + """ + raise NotImplementedError() + + def list_commands(self, ctx): + """Returns a list of subcommand names in the order they should + appear. + """ + return [] + + +class Group(MultiCommand): + """A group allows a command to have subcommands attached. This is the + most common way to implement nesting in Click. + + :param commands: a dictionary of commands. + """ + + def __init__(self, name=None, commands=None, **attrs): + MultiCommand.__init__(self, name, **attrs) + #: the registered subcommands by their exported names. + self.commands = commands or {} + + def add_command(self, cmd, name=None): + """Registers another :class:`Command` with this group. If the name + is not provided, the name of the command is used. + """ + name = name or cmd.name + if name is None: + raise TypeError('Command has no name.') + _check_multicommand(self, name, cmd, register=True) + self.commands[name] = cmd + + def command(self, *args, **kwargs): + """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a command to + the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`command` but + immediately registers the created command with this instance by + calling into :meth:`add_command`. + """ + def decorator(f): + cmd = command(*args, **kwargs)(f) + self.add_command(cmd) + return cmd + return decorator + + def group(self, *args, **kwargs): + """A shortcut decorator for declaring and attaching a group to + the group. This takes the same arguments as :func:`group` but + immediately registers the created command with this instance by + calling into :meth:`add_command`. + """ + def decorator(f): + cmd = group(*args, **kwargs)(f) + self.add_command(cmd) + return cmd + return decorator + + def get_command(self, ctx, cmd_name): + return self.commands.get(cmd_name) + + def list_commands(self, ctx): + return sorted(self.commands) + + +class CommandCollection(MultiCommand): + """A command collection is a multi command that merges multiple multi + commands together into one. This is a straightforward implementation + that accepts a list of different multi commands as sources and + provides all the commands for each of them. + """ + + def __init__(self, name=None, sources=None, **attrs): + MultiCommand.__init__(self, name, **attrs) + #: The list of registered multi commands. + self.sources = sources or [] + + def add_source(self, multi_cmd): + """Adds a new multi command to the chain dispatcher.""" + self.sources.append(multi_cmd) + + def get_command(self, ctx, cmd_name): + for source in self.sources: + rv = source.get_command(ctx, cmd_name) + if rv is not None: + if self.chain: + _check_multicommand(self, cmd_name, rv) + return rv + + def list_commands(self, ctx): + rv = set() + for source in self.sources: + rv.update(source.list_commands(ctx)) + return sorted(rv) + + +class Parameter(object): + r"""A parameter to a command comes in two versions: they are either + :class:`Option`\s or :class:`Argument`\s. Other subclasses are currently + not supported by design as some of the internals for parsing are + intentionally not finalized. + + Some settings are supported by both options and arguments. + + .. versionchanged:: 2.0 + Changed signature for parameter callback to also be passed the + parameter. In Click 2.0, the old callback format will still work, + but it will raise a warning to give you change to migrate the + code easier. + + :param param_decls: the parameter declarations for this option or + argument. This is a list of flags or argument + names. + :param type: the type that should be used. Either a :class:`ParamType` + or a Python type. The later is converted into the former + automatically if supported. + :param required: controls if this is optional or not. + :param default: the default value if omitted. This can also be a callable, + in which case it's invoked when the default is needed + without any arguments. + :param callback: a callback that should be executed after the parameter + was matched. This is called as ``fn(ctx, param, + value)`` and needs to return the value. Before Click + 2.0, the signature was ``(ctx, value)``. + :param nargs: the number of arguments to match. If not ``1`` the return + value is a tuple instead of single value. The default for + nargs is ``1`` (except if the type is a tuple, then it's + the arity of the tuple). + :param metavar: how the value is represented in the help page. + :param expose_value: if this is `True` then the value is passed onwards + to the command callback and stored on the context, + otherwise it's skipped. + :param is_eager: eager values are processed before non eager ones. This + should not be set for arguments or it will inverse the + order of processing. + :param envvar: a string or list of strings that are environment variables + that should be checked. + """ + param_type_name = 'parameter' + + def __init__(self, param_decls=None, type=None, required=False, + default=None, callback=None, nargs=None, metavar=None, + expose_value=True, is_eager=False, envvar=None, + autocompletion=None): + self.name, self.opts, self.secondary_opts = \ + self._parse_decls(param_decls or (), expose_value) + + self.type = convert_type(type, default) + + # Default nargs to what the type tells us if we have that + # information available. + if nargs is None: + if self.type.is_composite: + nargs = self.type.arity + else: + nargs = 1 + + self.required = required + self.callback = callback + self.nargs = nargs + self.multiple = False + self.expose_value = expose_value + self.default = default + self.is_eager = is_eager + self.metavar = metavar + self.envvar = envvar + self.autocompletion = autocompletion + + @property + def human_readable_name(self): + """Returns the human readable name of this parameter. This is the + same as the name for options, but the metavar for arguments. + """ + return self.name + + def make_metavar(self): + if self.metavar is not None: + return self.metavar + metavar = self.type.get_metavar(self) + if metavar is None: + metavar = self.type.name.upper() + if self.nargs != 1: + metavar += '...' + return metavar + + def get_default(self, ctx): + """Given a context variable this calculates the default value.""" + # Otherwise go with the regular default. + if callable(self.default): + rv = self.default() + else: + rv = self.default + return self.type_cast_value(ctx, rv) + + def add_to_parser(self, parser, ctx): + pass + + def consume_value(self, ctx, opts): + value = opts.get(self.name) + if value is None: + value = self.value_from_envvar(ctx) + if value is None: + value = ctx.lookup_default(self.name) + return value + + def type_cast_value(self, ctx, value): + """Given a value this runs it properly through the type system. + This automatically handles things like `nargs` and `multiple` as + well as composite types. + """ + if self.type.is_composite: + if self.nargs <= 1: + raise TypeError('Attempted to invoke composite type ' + 'but nargs has been set to %s. This is ' + 'not supported; nargs needs to be set to ' + 'a fixed value > 1.' % self.nargs) + if self.multiple: + return tuple(self.type(x or (), self, ctx) for x in value or ()) + return self.type(value or (), self, ctx) + + def _convert(value, level): + if level == 0: + return self.type(value, self, ctx) + return tuple(_convert(x, level - 1) for x in value or ()) + return _convert(value, (self.nargs != 1) + bool(self.multiple)) + + def process_value(self, ctx, value): + """Given a value and context this runs the logic to convert the + value as necessary. + """ + # If the value we were given is None we do nothing. This way + # code that calls this can easily figure out if something was + # not provided. Otherwise it would be converted into an empty + # tuple for multiple invocations which is inconvenient. + if value is not None: + return self.type_cast_value(ctx, value) + + def value_is_missing(self, value): + if value is None: + return True + if (self.nargs != 1 or self.multiple) and value == (): + return True + return False + + def full_process_value(self, ctx, value): + value = self.process_value(ctx, value) + + if value is None and not ctx.resilient_parsing: + value = self.get_default(ctx) + + if self.required and self.value_is_missing(value): + raise MissingParameter(ctx=ctx, param=self) + + return value + + def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx): + if self.envvar is None: + return + if isinstance(self.envvar, (tuple, list)): + for envvar in self.envvar: + rv = os.environ.get(envvar) + if rv is not None: + return rv + else: + return os.environ.get(self.envvar) + + def value_from_envvar(self, ctx): + rv = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx) + if rv is not None and self.nargs != 1: + rv = self.type.split_envvar_value(rv) + return rv + + def handle_parse_result(self, ctx, opts, args): + with augment_usage_errors(ctx, param=self): + value = self.consume_value(ctx, opts) + try: + value = self.full_process_value(ctx, value) + except Exception: + if not ctx.resilient_parsing: + raise + value = None + if self.callback is not None: + try: + value = invoke_param_callback( + self.callback, ctx, self, value) + except Exception: + if not ctx.resilient_parsing: + raise + + if self.expose_value: + ctx.params[self.name] = value + return value, args + + def get_help_record(self, ctx): + pass + + def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx): + return [] + + def get_error_hint(self, ctx): + """Get a stringified version of the param for use in error messages to + indicate which param caused the error. + """ + hint_list = self.opts or [self.human_readable_name] + return ' / '.join('"%s"' % x for x in hint_list) + + +class Option(Parameter): + """Options are usually optional values on the command line and + have some extra features that arguments don't have. + + All other parameters are passed onwards to the parameter constructor. + + :param show_default: controls if the default value should be shown on the + help page. Normally, defaults are not shown. If this + value is a string, it shows the string instead of the + value. This is particularly useful for dynamic options. + :param show_envvar: controls if an environment variable should be shown on + the help page. Normally, environment variables + are not shown. + :param prompt: if set to `True` or a non empty string then the user will be + prompted for input. If set to `True` the prompt will be the + option name capitalized. + :param confirmation_prompt: if set then the value will need to be confirmed + if it was prompted for. + :param hide_input: if this is `True` then the input on the prompt will be + hidden from the user. This is useful for password + input. + :param is_flag: forces this option to act as a flag. The default is + auto detection. + :param flag_value: which value should be used for this flag if it's + enabled. This is set to a boolean automatically if + the option string contains a slash to mark two options. + :param multiple: if this is set to `True` then the argument is accepted + multiple times and recorded. This is similar to ``nargs`` + in how it works but supports arbitrary number of + arguments. + :param count: this flag makes an option increment an integer. + :param allow_from_autoenv: if this is enabled then the value of this + parameter will be pulled from an environment + variable in case a prefix is defined on the + context. + :param help: the help string. + :param hidden: hide this option from help outputs. + """ + param_type_name = 'option' + + def __init__(self, param_decls=None, show_default=False, + prompt=False, confirmation_prompt=False, + hide_input=False, is_flag=None, flag_value=None, + multiple=False, count=False, allow_from_autoenv=True, + type=None, help=None, hidden=False, show_choices=True, + show_envvar=False, **attrs): + default_is_missing = attrs.get('default', _missing) is _missing + Parameter.__init__(self, param_decls, type=type, **attrs) + + if prompt is True: + prompt_text = self.name.replace('_', ' ').capitalize() + elif prompt is False: + prompt_text = None + else: + prompt_text = prompt + self.prompt = prompt_text + self.confirmation_prompt = confirmation_prompt + self.hide_input = hide_input + self.hidden = hidden + + # Flags + if is_flag is None: + if flag_value is not None: + is_flag = True + else: + is_flag = bool(self.secondary_opts) + if is_flag and default_is_missing: + self.default = False + if flag_value is None: + flag_value = not self.default + self.is_flag = is_flag + self.flag_value = flag_value + if self.is_flag and isinstance(self.flag_value, bool) \ + and type is None: + self.type = BOOL + self.is_bool_flag = True + else: + self.is_bool_flag = False + + # Counting + self.count = count + if count: + if type is None: + self.type = IntRange(min=0) + if default_is_missing: + self.default = 0 + + self.multiple = multiple + self.allow_from_autoenv = allow_from_autoenv + self.help = help + self.show_default = show_default + self.show_choices = show_choices + self.show_envvar = show_envvar + + # Sanity check for stuff we don't support + if __debug__: + if self.nargs < 0: + raise TypeError('Options cannot have nargs < 0') + if self.prompt and self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag: + raise TypeError('Cannot prompt for flags that are not bools.') + if not self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts: + raise TypeError('Got secondary option for non boolean flag.') + if self.is_bool_flag and self.hide_input \ + and self.prompt is not None: + raise TypeError('Hidden input does not work with boolean ' + 'flag prompts.') + if self.count: + if self.multiple: + raise TypeError('Options cannot be multiple and count ' + 'at the same time.') + elif self.is_flag: + raise TypeError('Options cannot be count and flags at ' + 'the same time.') + + def _parse_decls(self, decls, expose_value): + opts = [] + secondary_opts = [] + name = None + possible_names = [] + + for decl in decls: + if isidentifier(decl): + if name is not None: + raise TypeError('Name defined twice') + name = decl + else: + split_char = decl[:1] == '/' and ';' or '/' + if split_char in decl: + first, second = decl.split(split_char, 1) + first = first.rstrip() + if first: + possible_names.append(split_opt(first)) + opts.append(first) + second = second.lstrip() + if second: + secondary_opts.append(second.lstrip()) + else: + possible_names.append(split_opt(decl)) + opts.append(decl) + + if name is None and possible_names: + possible_names.sort(key=lambda x: -len(x[0])) # group long options first + name = possible_names[0][1].replace('-', '_').lower() + if not isidentifier(name): + name = None + + if name is None: + if not expose_value: + return None, opts, secondary_opts + raise TypeError('Could not determine name for option') + + if not opts and not secondary_opts: + raise TypeError('No options defined but a name was passed (%s). ' + 'Did you mean to declare an argument instead ' + 'of an option?' % name) + + return name, opts, secondary_opts + + def add_to_parser(self, parser, ctx): + kwargs = { + 'dest': self.name, + 'nargs': self.nargs, + 'obj': self, + } + + if self.multiple: + action = 'append' + elif self.count: + action = 'count' + else: + action = 'store' + + if self.is_flag: + kwargs.pop('nargs', None) + if self.is_bool_flag and self.secondary_opts: + parser.add_option(self.opts, action=action + '_const', + const=True, **kwargs) + parser.add_option(self.secondary_opts, action=action + + '_const', const=False, **kwargs) + else: + parser.add_option(self.opts, action=action + '_const', + const=self.flag_value, + **kwargs) + else: + kwargs['action'] = action + parser.add_option(self.opts, **kwargs) + + def get_help_record(self, ctx): + if self.hidden: + return + any_prefix_is_slash = [] + + def _write_opts(opts): + rv, any_slashes = join_options(opts) + if any_slashes: + any_prefix_is_slash[:] = [True] + if not self.is_flag and not self.count: + rv += ' ' + self.make_metavar() + return rv + + rv = [_write_opts(self.opts)] + if self.secondary_opts: + rv.append(_write_opts(self.secondary_opts)) + + help = self.help or '' + extra = [] + if self.show_envvar: + envvar = self.envvar + if envvar is None: + if self.allow_from_autoenv and \ + ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None: + envvar = '%s_%s' % (ctx.auto_envvar_prefix, self.name.upper()) + if envvar is not None: + extra.append('env var: %s' % ( + ', '.join('%s' % d for d in envvar) + if isinstance(envvar, (list, tuple)) + else envvar, )) + if self.default is not None and self.show_default: + if isinstance(self.show_default, string_types): + default_string = '({})'.format(self.show_default) + elif isinstance(self.default, (list, tuple)): + default_string = ', '.join('%s' % d for d in self.default) + elif inspect.isfunction(self.default): + default_string = "(dynamic)" + else: + default_string = self.default + extra.append('default: {}'.format(default_string)) + + if self.required: + extra.append('required') + if extra: + help = '%s[%s]' % (help and help + ' ' or '', '; '.join(extra)) + + return ((any_prefix_is_slash and '; ' or ' / ').join(rv), help) + + def get_default(self, ctx): + # If we're a non boolean flag out default is more complex because + # we need to look at all flags in the same group to figure out + # if we're the the default one in which case we return the flag + # value as default. + if self.is_flag and not self.is_bool_flag: + for param in ctx.command.params: + if param.name == self.name and param.default: + return param.flag_value + return None + return Parameter.get_default(self, ctx) + + def prompt_for_value(self, ctx): + """This is an alternative flow that can be activated in the full + value processing if a value does not exist. It will prompt the + user until a valid value exists and then returns the processed + value as result. + """ + # Calculate the default before prompting anything to be stable. + default = self.get_default(ctx) + + # If this is a prompt for a flag we need to handle this + # differently. + if self.is_bool_flag: + return confirm(self.prompt, default) + + return prompt(self.prompt, default=default, type=self.type, + hide_input=self.hide_input, show_choices=self.show_choices, + confirmation_prompt=self.confirmation_prompt, + value_proc=lambda x: self.process_value(ctx, x)) + + def resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx): + rv = Parameter.resolve_envvar_value(self, ctx) + if rv is not None: + return rv + if self.allow_from_autoenv and \ + ctx.auto_envvar_prefix is not None: + envvar = '%s_%s' % (ctx.auto_envvar_prefix, self.name.upper()) + return os.environ.get(envvar) + + def value_from_envvar(self, ctx): + rv = self.resolve_envvar_value(ctx) + if rv is None: + return None + value_depth = (self.nargs != 1) + bool(self.multiple) + if value_depth > 0 and rv is not None: + rv = self.type.split_envvar_value(rv) + if self.multiple and self.nargs != 1: + rv = batch(rv, self.nargs) + return rv + + def full_process_value(self, ctx, value): + if value is None and self.prompt is not None \ + and not ctx.resilient_parsing: + return self.prompt_for_value(ctx) + return Parameter.full_process_value(self, ctx, value) + + +class Argument(Parameter): + """Arguments are positional parameters to a command. They generally + provide fewer features than options but can have infinite ``nargs`` + and are required by default. + + All parameters are passed onwards to the parameter constructor. + """ + param_type_name = 'argument' + + def __init__(self, param_decls, required=None, **attrs): + if required is None: + if attrs.get('default') is not None: + required = False + else: + required = attrs.get('nargs', 1) > 0 + Parameter.__init__(self, param_decls, required=required, **attrs) + if self.default is not None and self.nargs < 0: + raise TypeError('nargs=-1 in combination with a default value ' + 'is not supported.') + + @property + def human_readable_name(self): + if self.metavar is not None: + return self.metavar + return self.name.upper() + + def make_metavar(self): + if self.metavar is not None: + return self.metavar + var = self.type.get_metavar(self) + if not var: + var = self.name.upper() + if not self.required: + var = '[%s]' % var + if self.nargs != 1: + var += '...' + return var + + def _parse_decls(self, decls, expose_value): + if not decls: + if not expose_value: + return None, [], [] + raise TypeError('Could not determine name for argument') + if len(decls) == 1: + name = arg = decls[0] + name = name.replace('-', '_').lower() + else: + raise TypeError('Arguments take exactly one ' + 'parameter declaration, got %d' % len(decls)) + return name, [arg], [] + + def get_usage_pieces(self, ctx): + return [self.make_metavar()] + + def get_error_hint(self, ctx): + return '"%s"' % self.make_metavar() + + def add_to_parser(self, parser, ctx): + parser.add_argument(dest=self.name, nargs=self.nargs, + obj=self) + + +# Circular dependency between decorators and core +from .decorators import command, group diff --git a/python/click/decorators.py b/python/click/decorators.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c57c530 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/decorators.py @@ -0,0 +1,311 @@ +import sys +import inspect + +from functools import update_wrapper + +from ._compat import iteritems +from ._unicodefun import _check_for_unicode_literals +from .utils import echo +from .globals import get_current_context + + +def pass_context(f): + """Marks a callback as wanting to receive the current context + object as first argument. + """ + def new_func(*args, **kwargs): + return f(get_current_context(), *args, **kwargs) + return update_wrapper(new_func, f) + + +def pass_obj(f): + """Similar to :func:`pass_context`, but only pass the object on the + context onwards (:attr:`Context.obj`). This is useful if that object + represents the state of a nested system. + """ + def new_func(*args, **kwargs): + return f(get_current_context().obj, *args, **kwargs) + return update_wrapper(new_func, f) + + +def make_pass_decorator(object_type, ensure=False): + """Given an object type this creates a decorator that will work + similar to :func:`pass_obj` but instead of passing the object of the + current context, it will find the innermost context of type + :func:`object_type`. + + This generates a decorator that works roughly like this:: + + from functools import update_wrapper + + def decorator(f): + @pass_context + def new_func(ctx, *args, **kwargs): + obj = ctx.find_object(object_type) + return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs) + return update_wrapper(new_func, f) + return decorator + + :param object_type: the type of the object to pass. + :param ensure: if set to `True`, a new object will be created and + remembered on the context if it's not there yet. + """ + def decorator(f): + def new_func(*args, **kwargs): + ctx = get_current_context() + if ensure: + obj = ctx.ensure_object(object_type) + else: + obj = ctx.find_object(object_type) + if obj is None: + raise RuntimeError('Managed to invoke callback without a ' + 'context object of type %r existing' + % object_type.__name__) + return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs) + return update_wrapper(new_func, f) + return decorator + + +def _make_command(f, name, attrs, cls): + if isinstance(f, Command): + raise TypeError('Attempted to convert a callback into a ' + 'command twice.') + try: + params = f.__click_params__ + params.reverse() + del f.__click_params__ + except AttributeError: + params = [] + help = attrs.get('help') + if help is None: + help = inspect.getdoc(f) + if isinstance(help, bytes): + help = help.decode('utf-8') + else: + help = inspect.cleandoc(help) + attrs['help'] = help + _check_for_unicode_literals() + return cls(name=name or f.__name__.lower().replace('_', '-'), + callback=f, params=params, **attrs) + + +def command(name=None, cls=None, **attrs): + r"""Creates a new :class:`Command` and uses the decorated function as + callback. This will also automatically attach all decorated + :func:`option`\s and :func:`argument`\s as parameters to the command. + + The name of the command defaults to the name of the function. If you + want to change that, you can pass the intended name as the first + argument. + + All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying command class. + + Once decorated the function turns into a :class:`Command` instance + that can be invoked as a command line utility or be attached to a + command :class:`Group`. + + :param name: the name of the command. This defaults to the function + name with underscores replaced by dashes. + :param cls: the command class to instantiate. This defaults to + :class:`Command`. + """ + if cls is None: + cls = Command + def decorator(f): + cmd = _make_command(f, name, attrs, cls) + cmd.__doc__ = f.__doc__ + return cmd + return decorator + + +def group(name=None, **attrs): + """Creates a new :class:`Group` with a function as callback. This + works otherwise the same as :func:`command` just that the `cls` + parameter is set to :class:`Group`. + """ + attrs.setdefault('cls', Group) + return command(name, **attrs) + + +def _param_memo(f, param): + if isinstance(f, Command): + f.params.append(param) + else: + if not hasattr(f, '__click_params__'): + f.__click_params__ = [] + f.__click_params__.append(param) + + +def argument(*param_decls, **attrs): + """Attaches an argument to the command. All positional arguments are + passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Argument`; all keyword + arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``). + This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Argument` instance manually + and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list. + + :param cls: the argument class to instantiate. This defaults to + :class:`Argument`. + """ + def decorator(f): + ArgumentClass = attrs.pop('cls', Argument) + _param_memo(f, ArgumentClass(param_decls, **attrs)) + return f + return decorator + + +def option(*param_decls, **attrs): + """Attaches an option to the command. All positional arguments are + passed as parameter declarations to :class:`Option`; all keyword + arguments are forwarded unchanged (except ``cls``). + This is equivalent to creating an :class:`Option` instance manually + and attaching it to the :attr:`Command.params` list. + + :param cls: the option class to instantiate. This defaults to + :class:`Option`. + """ + def decorator(f): + # Issue 926, copy attrs, so pre-defined options can re-use the same cls= + option_attrs = attrs.copy() + + if 'help' in option_attrs: + option_attrs['help'] = inspect.cleandoc(option_attrs['help']) + OptionClass = option_attrs.pop('cls', Option) + _param_memo(f, OptionClass(param_decls, **option_attrs)) + return f + return decorator + + +def confirmation_option(*param_decls, **attrs): + """Shortcut for confirmation prompts that can be ignored by passing + ``--yes`` as parameter. + + This is equivalent to decorating a function with :func:`option` with + the following parameters:: + + def callback(ctx, param, value): + if not value: + ctx.abort() + + @click.command() + @click.option('--yes', is_flag=True, callback=callback, + expose_value=False, prompt='Do you want to continue?') + def dropdb(): + pass + """ + def decorator(f): + def callback(ctx, param, value): + if not value: + ctx.abort() + attrs.setdefault('is_flag', True) + attrs.setdefault('callback', callback) + attrs.setdefault('expose_value', False) + attrs.setdefault('prompt', 'Do you want to continue?') + attrs.setdefault('help', 'Confirm the action without prompting.') + return option(*(param_decls or ('--yes',)), **attrs)(f) + return decorator + + +def password_option(*param_decls, **attrs): + """Shortcut for password prompts. + + This is equivalent to decorating a function with :func:`option` with + the following parameters:: + + @click.command() + @click.option('--password', prompt=True, confirmation_prompt=True, + hide_input=True) + def changeadmin(password): + pass + """ + def decorator(f): + attrs.setdefault('prompt', True) + attrs.setdefault('confirmation_prompt', True) + attrs.setdefault('hide_input', True) + return option(*(param_decls or ('--password',)), **attrs)(f) + return decorator + + +def version_option(version=None, *param_decls, **attrs): + """Adds a ``--version`` option which immediately ends the program + printing out the version number. This is implemented as an eager + option that prints the version and exits the program in the callback. + + :param version: the version number to show. If not provided Click + attempts an auto discovery via setuptools. + :param prog_name: the name of the program (defaults to autodetection) + :param message: custom message to show instead of the default + (``'%(prog)s, version %(version)s'``) + :param others: everything else is forwarded to :func:`option`. + """ + if version is None: + if hasattr(sys, '_getframe'): + module = sys._getframe(1).f_globals.get('__name__') + else: + module = '' + + def decorator(f): + prog_name = attrs.pop('prog_name', None) + message = attrs.pop('message', '%(prog)s, version %(version)s') + + def callback(ctx, param, value): + if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing: + return + prog = prog_name + if prog is None: + prog = ctx.find_root().info_name + ver = version + if ver is None: + try: + import pkg_resources + except ImportError: + pass + else: + for dist in pkg_resources.working_set: + scripts = dist.get_entry_map().get('console_scripts') or {} + for script_name, entry_point in iteritems(scripts): + if entry_point.module_name == module: + ver = dist.version + break + if ver is None: + raise RuntimeError('Could not determine version') + echo(message % { + 'prog': prog, + 'version': ver, + }, color=ctx.color) + ctx.exit() + + attrs.setdefault('is_flag', True) + attrs.setdefault('expose_value', False) + attrs.setdefault('is_eager', True) + attrs.setdefault('help', 'Show the version and exit.') + attrs['callback'] = callback + return option(*(param_decls or ('--version',)), **attrs)(f) + return decorator + + +def help_option(*param_decls, **attrs): + """Adds a ``--help`` option which immediately ends the program + printing out the help page. This is usually unnecessary to add as + this is added by default to all commands unless suppressed. + + Like :func:`version_option`, this is implemented as eager option that + prints in the callback and exits. + + All arguments are forwarded to :func:`option`. + """ + def decorator(f): + def callback(ctx, param, value): + if value and not ctx.resilient_parsing: + echo(ctx.get_help(), color=ctx.color) + ctx.exit() + attrs.setdefault('is_flag', True) + attrs.setdefault('expose_value', False) + attrs.setdefault('help', 'Show this message and exit.') + attrs.setdefault('is_eager', True) + attrs['callback'] = callback + return option(*(param_decls or ('--help',)), **attrs)(f) + return decorator + + +# Circular dependencies between core and decorators +from .core import Command, Group, Argument, Option diff --git a/python/click/exceptions.py b/python/click/exceptions.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6fa1765 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/exceptions.py @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +from ._compat import PY2, filename_to_ui, get_text_stderr +from .utils import echo + + +def _join_param_hints(param_hint): + if isinstance(param_hint, (tuple, list)): + return ' / '.join('"%s"' % x for x in param_hint) + return param_hint + + +class ClickException(Exception): + """An exception that Click can handle and show to the user.""" + + #: The exit code for this exception + exit_code = 1 + + def __init__(self, message): + ctor_msg = message + if PY2: + if ctor_msg is not None: + ctor_msg = ctor_msg.encode('utf-8') + Exception.__init__(self, ctor_msg) + self.message = message + + def format_message(self): + return self.message + + def __str__(self): + return self.message + + if PY2: + __unicode__ = __str__ + + def __str__(self): + return self.message.encode('utf-8') + + def show(self, file=None): + if file is None: + file = get_text_stderr() + echo('Error: %s' % self.format_message(), file=file) + + +class UsageError(ClickException): + """An internal exception that signals a usage error. This typically + aborts any further handling. + + :param message: the error message to display. + :param ctx: optionally the context that caused this error. Click will + fill in the context automatically in some situations. + """ + exit_code = 2 + + def __init__(self, message, ctx=None): + ClickException.__init__(self, message) + self.ctx = ctx + self.cmd = self.ctx and self.ctx.command or None + + def show(self, file=None): + if file is None: + file = get_text_stderr() + color = None + hint = '' + if (self.cmd is not None and + self.cmd.get_help_option(self.ctx) is not None): + hint = ('Try "%s %s" for help.\n' + % (self.ctx.command_path, self.ctx.help_option_names[0])) + if self.ctx is not None: + color = self.ctx.color + echo(self.ctx.get_usage() + '\n%s' % hint, file=file, color=color) + echo('Error: %s' % self.format_message(), file=file, color=color) + + +class BadParameter(UsageError): + """An exception that formats out a standardized error message for a + bad parameter. This is useful when thrown from a callback or type as + Click will attach contextual information to it (for instance, which + parameter it is). + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + :param param: the parameter object that caused this error. This can + be left out, and Click will attach this info itself + if possible. + :param param_hint: a string that shows up as parameter name. This + can be used as alternative to `param` in cases + where custom validation should happen. If it is + a string it's used as such, if it's a list then + each item is quoted and separated. + """ + + def __init__(self, message, ctx=None, param=None, + param_hint=None): + UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx) + self.param = param + self.param_hint = param_hint + + def format_message(self): + if self.param_hint is not None: + param_hint = self.param_hint + elif self.param is not None: + param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx) + else: + return 'Invalid value: %s' % self.message + param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint) + + return 'Invalid value for %s: %s' % (param_hint, self.message) + + +class MissingParameter(BadParameter): + """Raised if click required an option or argument but it was not + provided when invoking the script. + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + + :param param_type: a string that indicates the type of the parameter. + The default is to inherit the parameter type from + the given `param`. Valid values are ``'parameter'``, + ``'option'`` or ``'argument'``. + """ + + def __init__(self, message=None, ctx=None, param=None, + param_hint=None, param_type=None): + BadParameter.__init__(self, message, ctx, param, param_hint) + self.param_type = param_type + + def format_message(self): + if self.param_hint is not None: + param_hint = self.param_hint + elif self.param is not None: + param_hint = self.param.get_error_hint(self.ctx) + else: + param_hint = None + param_hint = _join_param_hints(param_hint) + + param_type = self.param_type + if param_type is None and self.param is not None: + param_type = self.param.param_type_name + + msg = self.message + if self.param is not None: + msg_extra = self.param.type.get_missing_message(self.param) + if msg_extra: + if msg: + msg += '. ' + msg_extra + else: + msg = msg_extra + + return 'Missing %s%s%s%s' % ( + param_type, + param_hint and ' %s' % param_hint or '', + msg and '. ' or '.', + msg or '', + ) + + +class NoSuchOption(UsageError): + """Raised if click attempted to handle an option that does not + exist. + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + """ + + def __init__(self, option_name, message=None, possibilities=None, + ctx=None): + if message is None: + message = 'no such option: %s' % option_name + UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx) + self.option_name = option_name + self.possibilities = possibilities + + def format_message(self): + bits = [self.message] + if self.possibilities: + if len(self.possibilities) == 1: + bits.append('Did you mean %s?' % self.possibilities[0]) + else: + possibilities = sorted(self.possibilities) + bits.append('(Possible options: %s)' % ', '.join(possibilities)) + return ' '.join(bits) + + +class BadOptionUsage(UsageError): + """Raised if an option is generally supplied but the use of the option + was incorrect. This is for instance raised if the number of arguments + for an option is not correct. + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + + :param option_name: the name of the option being used incorrectly. + """ + + def __init__(self, option_name, message, ctx=None): + UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx) + self.option_name = option_name + + +class BadArgumentUsage(UsageError): + """Raised if an argument is generally supplied but the use of the argument + was incorrect. This is for instance raised if the number of values + for an argument is not correct. + + .. versionadded:: 6.0 + """ + + def __init__(self, message, ctx=None): + UsageError.__init__(self, message, ctx) + + +class FileError(ClickException): + """Raised if a file cannot be opened.""" + + def __init__(self, filename, hint=None): + ui_filename = filename_to_ui(filename) + if hint is None: + hint = 'unknown error' + ClickException.__init__(self, hint) + self.ui_filename = ui_filename + self.filename = filename + + def format_message(self): + return 'Could not open file %s: %s' % (self.ui_filename, self.message) + + +class Abort(RuntimeError): + """An internal signalling exception that signals Click to abort.""" + + +class Exit(RuntimeError): + """An exception that indicates that the application should exit with some + status code. + + :param code: the status code to exit with. + """ + def __init__(self, code=0): + self.exit_code = code diff --git a/python/click/formatting.py b/python/click/formatting.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a3d6a4d --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/formatting.py @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +from contextlib import contextmanager +from .termui import get_terminal_size +from .parser import split_opt +from ._compat import term_len + + +# Can force a width. This is used by the test system +FORCED_WIDTH = None + + +def measure_table(rows): + widths = {} + for row in rows: + for idx, col in enumerate(row): + widths[idx] = max(widths.get(idx, 0), term_len(col)) + return tuple(y for x, y in sorted(widths.items())) + + +def iter_rows(rows, col_count): + for row in rows: + row = tuple(row) + yield row + ('',) * (col_count - len(row)) + + +def wrap_text(text, width=78, initial_indent='', subsequent_indent='', + preserve_paragraphs=False): + """A helper function that intelligently wraps text. By default, it + assumes that it operates on a single paragraph of text but if the + `preserve_paragraphs` parameter is provided it will intelligently + handle paragraphs (defined by two empty lines). + + If paragraphs are handled, a paragraph can be prefixed with an empty + line containing the ``\\b`` character (``\\x08``) to indicate that + no rewrapping should happen in that block. + + :param text: the text that should be rewrapped. + :param width: the maximum width for the text. + :param initial_indent: the initial indent that should be placed on the + first line as a string. + :param subsequent_indent: the indent string that should be placed on + each consecutive line. + :param preserve_paragraphs: if this flag is set then the wrapping will + intelligently handle paragraphs. + """ + from ._textwrap import TextWrapper + text = text.expandtabs() + wrapper = TextWrapper(width, initial_indent=initial_indent, + subsequent_indent=subsequent_indent, + replace_whitespace=False) + if not preserve_paragraphs: + return wrapper.fill(text) + + p = [] + buf = [] + indent = None + + def _flush_par(): + if not buf: + return + if buf[0].strip() == '\b': + p.append((indent or 0, True, '\n'.join(buf[1:]))) + else: + p.append((indent or 0, False, ' '.join(buf))) + del buf[:] + + for line in text.splitlines(): + if not line: + _flush_par() + indent = None + else: + if indent is None: + orig_len = term_len(line) + line = line.lstrip() + indent = orig_len - term_len(line) + buf.append(line) + _flush_par() + + rv = [] + for indent, raw, text in p: + with wrapper.extra_indent(' ' * indent): + if raw: + rv.append(wrapper.indent_only(text)) + else: + rv.append(wrapper.fill(text)) + + return '\n\n'.join(rv) + + +class HelpFormatter(object): + """This class helps with formatting text-based help pages. It's + usually just needed for very special internal cases, but it's also + exposed so that developers can write their own fancy outputs. + + At present, it always writes into memory. + + :param indent_increment: the additional increment for each level. + :param width: the width for the text. This defaults to the terminal + width clamped to a maximum of 78. + """ + + def __init__(self, indent_increment=2, width=None, max_width=None): + self.indent_increment = indent_increment + if max_width is None: + max_width = 80 + if width is None: + width = FORCED_WIDTH + if width is None: + width = max(min(get_terminal_size()[0], max_width) - 2, 50) + self.width = width + self.current_indent = 0 + self.buffer = [] + + def write(self, string): + """Writes a unicode string into the internal buffer.""" + self.buffer.append(string) + + def indent(self): + """Increases the indentation.""" + self.current_indent += self.indent_increment + + def dedent(self): + """Decreases the indentation.""" + self.current_indent -= self.indent_increment + + def write_usage(self, prog, args='', prefix='Usage: '): + """Writes a usage line into the buffer. + + :param prog: the program name. + :param args: whitespace separated list of arguments. + :param prefix: the prefix for the first line. + """ + usage_prefix = '%*s%s ' % (self.current_indent, prefix, prog) + text_width = self.width - self.current_indent + + if text_width >= (term_len(usage_prefix) + 20): + # The arguments will fit to the right of the prefix. + indent = ' ' * term_len(usage_prefix) + self.write(wrap_text(args, text_width, + initial_indent=usage_prefix, + subsequent_indent=indent)) + else: + # The prefix is too long, put the arguments on the next line. + self.write(usage_prefix) + self.write('\n') + indent = ' ' * (max(self.current_indent, term_len(prefix)) + 4) + self.write(wrap_text(args, text_width, + initial_indent=indent, + subsequent_indent=indent)) + + self.write('\n') + + def write_heading(self, heading): + """Writes a heading into the buffer.""" + self.write('%*s%s:\n' % (self.current_indent, '', heading)) + + def write_paragraph(self): + """Writes a paragraph into the buffer.""" + if self.buffer: + self.write('\n') + + def write_text(self, text): + """Writes re-indented text into the buffer. This rewraps and + preserves paragraphs. + """ + text_width = max(self.width - self.current_indent, 11) + indent = ' ' * self.current_indent + self.write(wrap_text(text, text_width, + initial_indent=indent, + subsequent_indent=indent, + preserve_paragraphs=True)) + self.write('\n') + + def write_dl(self, rows, col_max=30, col_spacing=2): + """Writes a definition list into the buffer. This is how options + and commands are usually formatted. + + :param rows: a list of two item tuples for the terms and values. + :param col_max: the maximum width of the first column. + :param col_spacing: the number of spaces between the first and + second column. + """ + rows = list(rows) + widths = measure_table(rows) + if len(widths) != 2: + raise TypeError('Expected two columns for definition list') + + first_col = min(widths[0], col_max) + col_spacing + + for first, second in iter_rows(rows, len(widths)): + self.write('%*s%s' % (self.current_indent, '', first)) + if not second: + self.write('\n') + continue + if term_len(first) <= first_col - col_spacing: + self.write(' ' * (first_col - term_len(first))) + else: + self.write('\n') + self.write(' ' * (first_col + self.current_indent)) + + text_width = max(self.width - first_col - 2, 10) + lines = iter(wrap_text(second, text_width).splitlines()) + if lines: + self.write(next(lines) + '\n') + for line in lines: + self.write('%*s%s\n' % ( + first_col + self.current_indent, '', line)) + else: + self.write('\n') + + @contextmanager + def section(self, name): + """Helpful context manager that writes a paragraph, a heading, + and the indents. + + :param name: the section name that is written as heading. + """ + self.write_paragraph() + self.write_heading(name) + self.indent() + try: + yield + finally: + self.dedent() + + @contextmanager + def indentation(self): + """A context manager that increases the indentation.""" + self.indent() + try: + yield + finally: + self.dedent() + + def getvalue(self): + """Returns the buffer contents.""" + return ''.join(self.buffer) + + +def join_options(options): + """Given a list of option strings this joins them in the most appropriate + way and returns them in the form ``(formatted_string, + any_prefix_is_slash)`` where the second item in the tuple is a flag that + indicates if any of the option prefixes was a slash. + """ + rv = [] + any_prefix_is_slash = False + for opt in options: + prefix = split_opt(opt)[0] + if prefix == '/': + any_prefix_is_slash = True + rv.append((len(prefix), opt)) + + rv.sort(key=lambda x: x[0]) + + rv = ', '.join(x[1] for x in rv) + return rv, any_prefix_is_slash diff --git a/python/click/globals.py b/python/click/globals.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..843b594 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/globals.py @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +from threading import local + + +_local = local() + + +def get_current_context(silent=False): + """Returns the current click context. This can be used as a way to + access the current context object from anywhere. This is a more implicit + alternative to the :func:`pass_context` decorator. This function is + primarily useful for helpers such as :func:`echo` which might be + interested in changing its behavior based on the current context. + + To push the current context, :meth:`Context.scope` can be used. + + .. versionadded:: 5.0 + + :param silent: is set to `True` the return value is `None` if no context + is available. The default behavior is to raise a + :exc:`RuntimeError`. + """ + try: + return getattr(_local, 'stack')[-1] + except (AttributeError, IndexError): + if not silent: + raise RuntimeError('There is no active click context.') + + +def push_context(ctx): + """Pushes a new context to the current stack.""" + _local.__dict__.setdefault('stack', []).append(ctx) + + +def pop_context(): + """Removes the top level from the stack.""" + _local.stack.pop() + + +def resolve_color_default(color=None): + """"Internal helper to get the default value of the color flag. If a + value is passed it's returned unchanged, otherwise it's looked up from + the current context. + """ + if color is not None: + return color + ctx = get_current_context(silent=True) + if ctx is not None: + return ctx.color diff --git a/python/click/parser.py b/python/click/parser.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1c3ae9c --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/parser.py @@ -0,0 +1,427 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" +click.parser +~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +This module started out as largely a copy paste from the stdlib's +optparse module with the features removed that we do not need from +optparse because we implement them in Click on a higher level (for +instance type handling, help formatting and a lot more). + +The plan is to remove more and more from here over time. + +The reason this is a different module and not optparse from the stdlib +is that there are differences in 2.x and 3.x about the error messages +generated and optparse in the stdlib uses gettext for no good reason +and might cause us issues. +""" + +import re +from collections import deque +from .exceptions import UsageError, NoSuchOption, BadOptionUsage, \ + BadArgumentUsage + + +def _unpack_args(args, nargs_spec): + """Given an iterable of arguments and an iterable of nargs specifications, + it returns a tuple with all the unpacked arguments at the first index + and all remaining arguments as the second. + + The nargs specification is the number of arguments that should be consumed + or `-1` to indicate that this position should eat up all the remainders. + + Missing items are filled with `None`. + """ + args = deque(args) + nargs_spec = deque(nargs_spec) + rv = [] + spos = None + + def _fetch(c): + try: + if spos is None: + return c.popleft() + else: + return c.pop() + except IndexError: + return None + + while nargs_spec: + nargs = _fetch(nargs_spec) + if nargs == 1: + rv.append(_fetch(args)) + elif nargs > 1: + x = [_fetch(args) for _ in range(nargs)] + # If we're reversed, we're pulling in the arguments in reverse, + # so we need to turn them around. + if spos is not None: + x.reverse() + rv.append(tuple(x)) + elif nargs < 0: + if spos is not None: + raise TypeError('Cannot have two nargs < 0') + spos = len(rv) + rv.append(None) + + # spos is the position of the wildcard (star). If it's not `None`, + # we fill it with the remainder. + if spos is not None: + rv[spos] = tuple(args) + args = [] + rv[spos + 1:] = reversed(rv[spos + 1:]) + + return tuple(rv), list(args) + + +def _error_opt_args(nargs, opt): + if nargs == 1: + raise BadOptionUsage(opt, '%s option requires an argument' % opt) + raise BadOptionUsage(opt, '%s option requires %d arguments' % (opt, nargs)) + + +def split_opt(opt): + first = opt[:1] + if first.isalnum(): + return '', opt + if opt[1:2] == first: + return opt[:2], opt[2:] + return first, opt[1:] + + +def normalize_opt(opt, ctx): + if ctx is None or ctx.token_normalize_func is None: + return opt + prefix, opt = split_opt(opt) + return prefix + ctx.token_normalize_func(opt) + + +def split_arg_string(string): + """Given an argument string this attempts to split it into small parts.""" + rv = [] + for match in re.finditer(r"('([^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*)'" + r'|"([^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*)"' + r'|\S+)\s*', string, re.S): + arg = match.group().strip() + if arg[:1] == arg[-1:] and arg[:1] in '"\'': + arg = arg[1:-1].encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace') \ + .decode('unicode-escape') + try: + arg = type(string)(arg) + except UnicodeError: + pass + rv.append(arg) + return rv + + +class Option(object): + + def __init__(self, opts, dest, action=None, nargs=1, const=None, obj=None): + self._short_opts = [] + self._long_opts = [] + self.prefixes = set() + + for opt in opts: + prefix, value = split_opt(opt) + if not prefix: + raise ValueError('Invalid start character for option (%s)' + % opt) + self.prefixes.add(prefix[0]) + if len(prefix) == 1 and len(value) == 1: + self._short_opts.append(opt) + else: + self._long_opts.append(opt) + self.prefixes.add(prefix) + + if action is None: + action = 'store' + + self.dest = dest + self.action = action + self.nargs = nargs + self.const = const + self.obj = obj + + @property + def takes_value(self): + return self.action in ('store', 'append') + + def process(self, value, state): + if self.action == 'store': + state.opts[self.dest] = value + elif self.action == 'store_const': + state.opts[self.dest] = self.const + elif self.action == 'append': + state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(value) + elif self.action == 'append_const': + state.opts.setdefault(self.dest, []).append(self.const) + elif self.action == 'count': + state.opts[self.dest] = state.opts.get(self.dest, 0) + 1 + else: + raise ValueError('unknown action %r' % self.action) + state.order.append(self.obj) + + +class Argument(object): + + def __init__(self, dest, nargs=1, obj=None): + self.dest = dest + self.nargs = nargs + self.obj = obj + + def process(self, value, state): + if self.nargs > 1: + holes = sum(1 for x in value if x is None) + if holes == len(value): + value = None + elif holes != 0: + raise BadArgumentUsage('argument %s takes %d values' + % (self.dest, self.nargs)) + state.opts[self.dest] = value + state.order.append(self.obj) + + +class ParsingState(object): + + def __init__(self, rargs): + self.opts = {} + self.largs = [] + self.rargs = rargs + self.order = [] + + +class OptionParser(object): + """The option parser is an internal class that is ultimately used to + parse options and arguments. It's modelled after optparse and brings + a similar but vastly simplified API. It should generally not be used + directly as the high level Click classes wrap it for you. + + It's not nearly as extensible as optparse or argparse as it does not + implement features that are implemented on a higher level (such as + types or defaults). + + :param ctx: optionally the :class:`~click.Context` where this parser + should go with. + """ + + def __init__(self, ctx=None): + #: The :class:`~click.Context` for this parser. This might be + #: `None` for some advanced use cases. + self.ctx = ctx + #: This controls how the parser deals with interspersed arguments. + #: If this is set to `False`, the parser will stop on the first + #: non-option. Click uses this to implement nested subcommands + #: safely. + self.allow_interspersed_args = True + #: This tells the parser how to deal with unknown options. By + #: default it will error out (which is sensible), but there is a + #: second mode where it will ignore it and continue processing + #: after shifting all the unknown options into the resulting args. + self.ignore_unknown_options = False + if ctx is not None: + self.allow_interspersed_args = ctx.allow_interspersed_args + self.ignore_unknown_options = ctx.ignore_unknown_options + self._short_opt = {} + self._long_opt = {} + self._opt_prefixes = set(['-', '--']) + self._args = [] + + def add_option(self, opts, dest, action=None, nargs=1, const=None, + obj=None): + """Adds a new option named `dest` to the parser. The destination + is not inferred (unlike with optparse) and needs to be explicitly + provided. Action can be any of ``store``, ``store_const``, + ``append``, ``appnd_const`` or ``count``. + + The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list + that is returned from the parser. + """ + if obj is None: + obj = dest + opts = [normalize_opt(opt, self.ctx) for opt in opts] + option = Option(opts, dest, action=action, nargs=nargs, + const=const, obj=obj) + self._opt_prefixes.update(option.prefixes) + for opt in option._short_opts: + self._short_opt[opt] = option + for opt in option._long_opts: + self._long_opt[opt] = option + + def add_argument(self, dest, nargs=1, obj=None): + """Adds a positional argument named `dest` to the parser. + + The `obj` can be used to identify the option in the order list + that is returned from the parser. + """ + if obj is None: + obj = dest + self._args.append(Argument(dest=dest, nargs=nargs, obj=obj)) + + def parse_args(self, args): + """Parses positional arguments and returns ``(values, args, order)`` + for the parsed options and arguments as well as the leftover + arguments if there are any. The order is a list of objects as they + appear on the command line. If arguments appear multiple times they + will be memorized multiple times as well. + """ + state = ParsingState(args) + try: + self._process_args_for_options(state) + self._process_args_for_args(state) + except UsageError: + if self.ctx is None or not self.ctx.resilient_parsing: + raise + return state.opts, state.largs, state.order + + def _process_args_for_args(self, state): + pargs, args = _unpack_args(state.largs + state.rargs, + [x.nargs for x in self._args]) + + for idx, arg in enumerate(self._args): + arg.process(pargs[idx], state) + + state.largs = args + state.rargs = [] + + def _process_args_for_options(self, state): + while state.rargs: + arg = state.rargs.pop(0) + arglen = len(arg) + # Double dashes always handled explicitly regardless of what + # prefixes are valid. + if arg == '--': + return + elif arg[:1] in self._opt_prefixes and arglen > 1: + self._process_opts(arg, state) + elif self.allow_interspersed_args: + state.largs.append(arg) + else: + state.rargs.insert(0, arg) + return + + # Say this is the original argument list: + # [arg0, arg1, ..., arg(i-1), arg(i), arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)] + # ^ + # (we are about to process arg(i)). + # + # Then rargs is [arg(i), ..., arg(N-1)] and largs is a *subset* of + # [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)] (any options and their arguments will have + # been removed from largs). + # + # The while loop will usually consume 1 or more arguments per pass. + # If it consumes 1 (eg. arg is an option that takes no arguments), + # then after _process_arg() is done the situation is: + # + # largs = subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i)] + # rargs = [arg(i+1), ..., arg(N-1)] + # + # If allow_interspersed_args is false, largs will always be + # *empty* -- still a subset of [arg0, ..., arg(i-1)], but + # not a very interesting subset! + + def _match_long_opt(self, opt, explicit_value, state): + if opt not in self._long_opt: + possibilities = [word for word in self._long_opt + if word.startswith(opt)] + raise NoSuchOption(opt, possibilities=possibilities, ctx=self.ctx) + + option = self._long_opt[opt] + if option.takes_value: + # At this point it's safe to modify rargs by injecting the + # explicit value, because no exception is raised in this + # branch. This means that the inserted value will be fully + # consumed. + if explicit_value is not None: + state.rargs.insert(0, explicit_value) + + nargs = option.nargs + if len(state.rargs) < nargs: + _error_opt_args(nargs, opt) + elif nargs == 1: + value = state.rargs.pop(0) + else: + value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs]) + del state.rargs[:nargs] + + elif explicit_value is not None: + raise BadOptionUsage(opt, '%s option does not take a value' % opt) + + else: + value = None + + option.process(value, state) + + def _match_short_opt(self, arg, state): + stop = False + i = 1 + prefix = arg[0] + unknown_options = [] + + for ch in arg[1:]: + opt = normalize_opt(prefix + ch, self.ctx) + option = self._short_opt.get(opt) + i += 1 + + if not option: + if self.ignore_unknown_options: + unknown_options.append(ch) + continue + raise NoSuchOption(opt, ctx=self.ctx) + if option.takes_value: + # Any characters left in arg? Pretend they're the + # next arg, and stop consuming characters of arg. + if i < len(arg): + state.rargs.insert(0, arg[i:]) + stop = True + + nargs = option.nargs + if len(state.rargs) < nargs: + _error_opt_args(nargs, opt) + elif nargs == 1: + value = state.rargs.pop(0) + else: + value = tuple(state.rargs[:nargs]) + del state.rargs[:nargs] + + else: + value = None + + option.process(value, state) + + if stop: + break + + # If we got any unknown options we re-combinate the string of the + # remaining options and re-attach the prefix, then report that + # to the state as new larg. This way there is basic combinatorics + # that can be achieved while still ignoring unknown arguments. + if self.ignore_unknown_options and unknown_options: + state.largs.append(prefix + ''.join(unknown_options)) + + def _process_opts(self, arg, state): + explicit_value = None + # Long option handling happens in two parts. The first part is + # supporting explicitly attached values. In any case, we will try + # to long match the option first. + if '=' in arg: + long_opt, explicit_value = arg.split('=', 1) + else: + long_opt = arg + norm_long_opt = normalize_opt(long_opt, self.ctx) + + # At this point we will match the (assumed) long option through + # the long option matching code. Note that this allows options + # like "-foo" to be matched as long options. + try: + self._match_long_opt(norm_long_opt, explicit_value, state) + except NoSuchOption: + # At this point the long option matching failed, and we need + # to try with short options. However there is a special rule + # which says, that if we have a two character options prefix + # (applies to "--foo" for instance), we do not dispatch to the + # short option code and will instead raise the no option + # error. + if arg[:2] not in self._opt_prefixes: + return self._match_short_opt(arg, state) + if not self.ignore_unknown_options: + raise + state.largs.append(arg) diff --git a/python/click/termui.py b/python/click/termui.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf9a3aa --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/termui.py @@ -0,0 +1,606 @@ +import os +import sys +import struct +import inspect +import itertools + +from ._compat import raw_input, text_type, string_types, \ + isatty, strip_ansi, get_winterm_size, DEFAULT_COLUMNS, WIN +from .utils import echo +from .exceptions import Abort, UsageError +from .types import convert_type, Choice, Path +from .globals import resolve_color_default + + +# The prompt functions to use. The doc tools currently override these +# functions to customize how they work. +visible_prompt_func = raw_input + +_ansi_colors = { + 'black': 30, + 'red': 31, + 'green': 32, + 'yellow': 33, + 'blue': 34, + 'magenta': 35, + 'cyan': 36, + 'white': 37, + 'reset': 39, + 'bright_black': 90, + 'bright_red': 91, + 'bright_green': 92, + 'bright_yellow': 93, + 'bright_blue': 94, + 'bright_magenta': 95, + 'bright_cyan': 96, + 'bright_white': 97, +} +_ansi_reset_all = '\033[0m' + + +def hidden_prompt_func(prompt): + import getpass + return getpass.getpass(prompt) + + +def _build_prompt(text, suffix, show_default=False, default=None, show_choices=True, type=None): + prompt = text + if type is not None and show_choices and isinstance(type, Choice): + prompt += ' (' + ", ".join(map(str, type.choices)) + ')' + if default is not None and show_default: + prompt = '%s [%s]' % (prompt, default) + return prompt + suffix + + +def prompt(text, default=None, hide_input=False, confirmation_prompt=False, + type=None, value_proc=None, prompt_suffix=': ', show_default=True, + err=False, show_choices=True): + """Prompts a user for input. This is a convenience function that can + be used to prompt a user for input later. + + If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal, this + function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception. + + .. versionadded:: 7.0 + Added the show_choices parameter. + + .. versionadded:: 6.0 + Added unicode support for cmd.exe on Windows. + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + Added the `err` parameter. + + :param text: the text to show for the prompt. + :param default: the default value to use if no input happens. If this + is not given it will prompt until it's aborted. + :param hide_input: if this is set to true then the input value will + be hidden. + :param confirmation_prompt: asks for confirmation for the value. + :param type: the type to use to check the value against. + :param value_proc: if this parameter is provided it's a function that + is invoked instead of the type conversion to + convert a value. + :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt. + :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt. + :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of + ``stdout``, the same as with echo. + :param show_choices: Show or hide choices if the passed type is a Choice. + For example if type is a Choice of either day or week, + show_choices is true and text is "Group by" then the + prompt will be "Group by (day, week): ". + """ + result = None + + def prompt_func(text): + f = hide_input and hidden_prompt_func or visible_prompt_func + try: + # Write the prompt separately so that we get nice + # coloring through colorama on Windows + echo(text, nl=False, err=err) + return f('') + except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError): + # getpass doesn't print a newline if the user aborts input with ^C. + # Allegedly this behavior is inherited from getpass(3). + # A doc bug has been filed at https://bugs.python.org/issue24711 + if hide_input: + echo(None, err=err) + raise Abort() + + if value_proc is None: + value_proc = convert_type(type, default) + + prompt = _build_prompt(text, prompt_suffix, show_default, default, show_choices, type) + + while 1: + while 1: + value = prompt_func(prompt) + if value: + break + elif default is not None: + if isinstance(value_proc, Path): + # validate Path default value(exists, dir_okay etc.) + value = default + break + return default + try: + result = value_proc(value) + except UsageError as e: + echo('Error: %s' % e.message, err=err) + continue + if not confirmation_prompt: + return result + while 1: + value2 = prompt_func('Repeat for confirmation: ') + if value2: + break + if value == value2: + return result + echo('Error: the two entered values do not match', err=err) + + +def confirm(text, default=False, abort=False, prompt_suffix=': ', + show_default=True, err=False): + """Prompts for confirmation (yes/no question). + + If the user aborts the input by sending a interrupt signal this + function will catch it and raise a :exc:`Abort` exception. + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + Added the `err` parameter. + + :param text: the question to ask. + :param default: the default for the prompt. + :param abort: if this is set to `True` a negative answer aborts the + exception by raising :exc:`Abort`. + :param prompt_suffix: a suffix that should be added to the prompt. + :param show_default: shows or hides the default value in the prompt. + :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of + ``stdout``, the same as with echo. + """ + prompt = _build_prompt(text, prompt_suffix, show_default, + default and 'Y/n' or 'y/N') + while 1: + try: + # Write the prompt separately so that we get nice + # coloring through colorama on Windows + echo(prompt, nl=False, err=err) + value = visible_prompt_func('').lower().strip() + except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError): + raise Abort() + if value in ('y', 'yes'): + rv = True + elif value in ('n', 'no'): + rv = False + elif value == '': + rv = default + else: + echo('Error: invalid input', err=err) + continue + break + if abort and not rv: + raise Abort() + return rv + + +def get_terminal_size(): + """Returns the current size of the terminal as tuple in the form + ``(width, height)`` in columns and rows. + """ + # If shutil has get_terminal_size() (Python 3.3 and later) use that + if sys.version_info >= (3, 3): + import shutil + shutil_get_terminal_size = getattr(shutil, 'get_terminal_size', None) + if shutil_get_terminal_size: + sz = shutil_get_terminal_size() + return sz.columns, sz.lines + + # We provide a sensible default for get_winterm_size() when being invoked + # inside a subprocess. Without this, it would not provide a useful input. + if get_winterm_size is not None: + size = get_winterm_size() + if size == (0, 0): + return (79, 24) + else: + return size + + def ioctl_gwinsz(fd): + try: + import fcntl + import termios + cr = struct.unpack( + 'hh', fcntl.ioctl(fd, termios.TIOCGWINSZ, '1234')) + except Exception: + return + return cr + + cr = ioctl_gwinsz(0) or ioctl_gwinsz(1) or ioctl_gwinsz(2) + if not cr: + try: + fd = os.open(os.ctermid(), os.O_RDONLY) + try: + cr = ioctl_gwinsz(fd) + finally: + os.close(fd) + except Exception: + pass + if not cr or not cr[0] or not cr[1]: + cr = (os.environ.get('LINES', 25), + os.environ.get('COLUMNS', DEFAULT_COLUMNS)) + return int(cr[1]), int(cr[0]) + + +def echo_via_pager(text_or_generator, color=None): + """This function takes a text and shows it via an environment specific + pager on stdout. + + .. versionchanged:: 3.0 + Added the `color` flag. + + :param text_or_generator: the text to page, or alternatively, a + generator emitting the text to page. + :param color: controls if the pager supports ANSI colors or not. The + default is autodetection. + """ + color = resolve_color_default(color) + + if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(text_or_generator): + i = text_or_generator() + elif isinstance(text_or_generator, string_types): + i = [text_or_generator] + else: + i = iter(text_or_generator) + + # convert every element of i to a text type if necessary + text_generator = (el if isinstance(el, string_types) else text_type(el) + for el in i) + + from ._termui_impl import pager + return pager(itertools.chain(text_generator, "\n"), color) + + +def progressbar(iterable=None, length=None, label=None, show_eta=True, + show_percent=None, show_pos=False, + item_show_func=None, fill_char='#', empty_char='-', + bar_template='%(label)s [%(bar)s] %(info)s', + info_sep=' ', width=36, file=None, color=None): + """This function creates an iterable context manager that can be used + to iterate over something while showing a progress bar. It will + either iterate over the `iterable` or `length` items (that are counted + up). While iteration happens, this function will print a rendered + progress bar to the given `file` (defaults to stdout) and will attempt + to calculate remaining time and more. By default, this progress bar + will not be rendered if the file is not a terminal. + + The context manager creates the progress bar. When the context + manager is entered the progress bar is already displayed. With every + iteration over the progress bar, the iterable passed to the bar is + advanced and the bar is updated. When the context manager exits, + a newline is printed and the progress bar is finalized on screen. + + No printing must happen or the progress bar will be unintentionally + destroyed. + + Example usage:: + + with progressbar(items) as bar: + for item in bar: + do_something_with(item) + + Alternatively, if no iterable is specified, one can manually update the + progress bar through the `update()` method instead of directly + iterating over the progress bar. The update method accepts the number + of steps to increment the bar with:: + + with progressbar(length=chunks.total_bytes) as bar: + for chunk in chunks: + process_chunk(chunk) + bar.update(chunks.bytes) + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + Added the `color` parameter. Added a `update` method to the + progressbar object. + + :param iterable: an iterable to iterate over. If not provided the length + is required. + :param length: the number of items to iterate over. By default the + progressbar will attempt to ask the iterator about its + length, which might or might not work. If an iterable is + also provided this parameter can be used to override the + length. If an iterable is not provided the progress bar + will iterate over a range of that length. + :param label: the label to show next to the progress bar. + :param show_eta: enables or disables the estimated time display. This is + automatically disabled if the length cannot be + determined. + :param show_percent: enables or disables the percentage display. The + default is `True` if the iterable has a length or + `False` if not. + :param show_pos: enables or disables the absolute position display. The + default is `False`. + :param item_show_func: a function called with the current item which + can return a string to show the current item + next to the progress bar. Note that the current + item can be `None`! + :param fill_char: the character to use to show the filled part of the + progress bar. + :param empty_char: the character to use to show the non-filled part of + the progress bar. + :param bar_template: the format string to use as template for the bar. + The parameters in it are ``label`` for the label, + ``bar`` for the progress bar and ``info`` for the + info section. + :param info_sep: the separator between multiple info items (eta etc.) + :param width: the width of the progress bar in characters, 0 means full + terminal width + :param file: the file to write to. If this is not a terminal then + only the label is printed. + :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The + default is autodetection. This is only needed if ANSI + codes are included anywhere in the progress bar output + which is not the case by default. + """ + from ._termui_impl import ProgressBar + color = resolve_color_default(color) + return ProgressBar(iterable=iterable, length=length, show_eta=show_eta, + show_percent=show_percent, show_pos=show_pos, + item_show_func=item_show_func, fill_char=fill_char, + empty_char=empty_char, bar_template=bar_template, + info_sep=info_sep, file=file, label=label, + width=width, color=color) + + +def clear(): + """Clears the terminal screen. This will have the effect of clearing + the whole visible space of the terminal and moving the cursor to the + top left. This does not do anything if not connected to a terminal. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + """ + if not isatty(sys.stdout): + return + # If we're on Windows and we don't have colorama available, then we + # clear the screen by shelling out. Otherwise we can use an escape + # sequence. + if WIN: + os.system('cls') + else: + sys.stdout.write('\033[2J\033[1;1H') + + +def style(text, fg=None, bg=None, bold=None, dim=None, underline=None, + blink=None, reverse=None, reset=True): + """Styles a text with ANSI styles and returns the new string. By + default the styling is self contained which means that at the end + of the string a reset code is issued. This can be prevented by + passing ``reset=False``. + + Examples:: + + click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green')) + click.echo(click.style('ATTENTION!', blink=True)) + click.echo(click.style('Some things', reverse=True, fg='cyan')) + + Supported color names: + + * ``black`` (might be a gray) + * ``red`` + * ``green`` + * ``yellow`` (might be an orange) + * ``blue`` + * ``magenta`` + * ``cyan`` + * ``white`` (might be light gray) + * ``bright_black`` + * ``bright_red`` + * ``bright_green`` + * ``bright_yellow`` + * ``bright_blue`` + * ``bright_magenta`` + * ``bright_cyan`` + * ``bright_white`` + * ``reset`` (reset the color code only) + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + .. versionadded:: 7.0 + Added support for bright colors. + + :param text: the string to style with ansi codes. + :param fg: if provided this will become the foreground color. + :param bg: if provided this will become the background color. + :param bold: if provided this will enable or disable bold mode. + :param dim: if provided this will enable or disable dim mode. This is + badly supported. + :param underline: if provided this will enable or disable underline. + :param blink: if provided this will enable or disable blinking. + :param reverse: if provided this will enable or disable inverse + rendering (foreground becomes background and the + other way round). + :param reset: by default a reset-all code is added at the end of the + string which means that styles do not carry over. This + can be disabled to compose styles. + """ + bits = [] + if fg: + try: + bits.append('\033[%dm' % (_ansi_colors[fg])) + except KeyError: + raise TypeError('Unknown color %r' % fg) + if bg: + try: + bits.append('\033[%dm' % (_ansi_colors[bg] + 10)) + except KeyError: + raise TypeError('Unknown color %r' % bg) + if bold is not None: + bits.append('\033[%dm' % (1 if bold else 22)) + if dim is not None: + bits.append('\033[%dm' % (2 if dim else 22)) + if underline is not None: + bits.append('\033[%dm' % (4 if underline else 24)) + if blink is not None: + bits.append('\033[%dm' % (5 if blink else 25)) + if reverse is not None: + bits.append('\033[%dm' % (7 if reverse else 27)) + bits.append(text) + if reset: + bits.append(_ansi_reset_all) + return ''.join(bits) + + +def unstyle(text): + """Removes ANSI styling information from a string. Usually it's not + necessary to use this function as Click's echo function will + automatically remove styling if necessary. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + :param text: the text to remove style information from. + """ + return strip_ansi(text) + + +def secho(message=None, file=None, nl=True, err=False, color=None, **styles): + """This function combines :func:`echo` and :func:`style` into one + call. As such the following two calls are the same:: + + click.secho('Hello World!', fg='green') + click.echo(click.style('Hello World!', fg='green')) + + All keyword arguments are forwarded to the underlying functions + depending on which one they go with. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + """ + if message is not None: + message = style(message, **styles) + return echo(message, file=file, nl=nl, err=err, color=color) + + +def edit(text=None, editor=None, env=None, require_save=True, + extension='.txt', filename=None): + r"""Edits the given text in the defined editor. If an editor is given + (should be the full path to the executable but the regular operating + system search path is used for finding the executable) it overrides + the detected editor. Optionally, some environment variables can be + used. If the editor is closed without changes, `None` is returned. In + case a file is edited directly the return value is always `None` and + `require_save` and `extension` are ignored. + + If the editor cannot be opened a :exc:`UsageError` is raised. + + Note for Windows: to simplify cross-platform usage, the newlines are + automatically converted from POSIX to Windows and vice versa. As such, + the message here will have ``\n`` as newline markers. + + :param text: the text to edit. + :param editor: optionally the editor to use. Defaults to automatic + detection. + :param env: environment variables to forward to the editor. + :param require_save: if this is true, then not saving in the editor + will make the return value become `None`. + :param extension: the extension to tell the editor about. This defaults + to `.txt` but changing this might change syntax + highlighting. + :param filename: if provided it will edit this file instead of the + provided text contents. It will not use a temporary + file as an indirection in that case. + """ + from ._termui_impl import Editor + editor = Editor(editor=editor, env=env, require_save=require_save, + extension=extension) + if filename is None: + return editor.edit(text) + editor.edit_file(filename) + + +def launch(url, wait=False, locate=False): + """This function launches the given URL (or filename) in the default + viewer application for this file type. If this is an executable, it + might launch the executable in a new session. The return value is + the exit code of the launched application. Usually, ``0`` indicates + success. + + Examples:: + + click.launch('https://click.palletsprojects.com/') + click.launch('/my/downloaded/file', locate=True) + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + :param url: URL or filename of the thing to launch. + :param wait: waits for the program to stop. + :param locate: if this is set to `True` then instead of launching the + application associated with the URL it will attempt to + launch a file manager with the file located. This + might have weird effects if the URL does not point to + the filesystem. + """ + from ._termui_impl import open_url + return open_url(url, wait=wait, locate=locate) + + +# If this is provided, getchar() calls into this instead. This is used +# for unittesting purposes. +_getchar = None + + +def getchar(echo=False): + """Fetches a single character from the terminal and returns it. This + will always return a unicode character and under certain rare + circumstances this might return more than one character. The + situations which more than one character is returned is when for + whatever reason multiple characters end up in the terminal buffer or + standard input was not actually a terminal. + + Note that this will always read from the terminal, even if something + is piped into the standard input. + + Note for Windows: in rare cases when typing non-ASCII characters, this + function might wait for a second character and then return both at once. + This is because certain Unicode characters look like special-key markers. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + :param echo: if set to `True`, the character read will also show up on + the terminal. The default is to not show it. + """ + f = _getchar + if f is None: + from ._termui_impl import getchar as f + return f(echo) + + +def raw_terminal(): + from ._termui_impl import raw_terminal as f + return f() + + +def pause(info='Press any key to continue ...', err=False): + """This command stops execution and waits for the user to press any + key to continue. This is similar to the Windows batch "pause" + command. If the program is not run through a terminal, this command + will instead do nothing. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + Added the `err` parameter. + + :param info: the info string to print before pausing. + :param err: if set to message goes to ``stderr`` instead of + ``stdout``, the same as with echo. + """ + if not isatty(sys.stdin) or not isatty(sys.stdout): + return + try: + if info: + echo(info, nl=False, err=err) + try: + getchar() + except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError): + pass + finally: + if info: + echo(err=err) diff --git a/python/click/testing.py b/python/click/testing.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b2924e --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/testing.py @@ -0,0 +1,374 @@ +import os +import sys +import shutil +import tempfile +import contextlib +import shlex + +from ._compat import iteritems, PY2, string_types + + +# If someone wants to vendor click, we want to ensure the +# correct package is discovered. Ideally we could use a +# relative import here but unfortunately Python does not +# support that. +clickpkg = sys.modules[__name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]] + + +if PY2: + from cStringIO import StringIO +else: + import io + from ._compat import _find_binary_reader + + +class EchoingStdin(object): + + def __init__(self, input, output): + self._input = input + self._output = output + + def __getattr__(self, x): + return getattr(self._input, x) + + def _echo(self, rv): + self._output.write(rv) + return rv + + def read(self, n=-1): + return self._echo(self._input.read(n)) + + def readline(self, n=-1): + return self._echo(self._input.readline(n)) + + def readlines(self): + return [self._echo(x) for x in self._input.readlines()] + + def __iter__(self): + return iter(self._echo(x) for x in self._input) + + def __repr__(self): + return repr(self._input) + + +def make_input_stream(input, charset): + # Is already an input stream. + if hasattr(input, 'read'): + if PY2: + return input + rv = _find_binary_reader(input) + if rv is not None: + return rv + raise TypeError('Could not find binary reader for input stream.') + + if input is None: + input = b'' + elif not isinstance(input, bytes): + input = input.encode(charset) + if PY2: + return StringIO(input) + return io.BytesIO(input) + + +class Result(object): + """Holds the captured result of an invoked CLI script.""" + + def __init__(self, runner, stdout_bytes, stderr_bytes, exit_code, + exception, exc_info=None): + #: The runner that created the result + self.runner = runner + #: The standard output as bytes. + self.stdout_bytes = stdout_bytes + #: The standard error as bytes, or False(y) if not available + self.stderr_bytes = stderr_bytes + #: The exit code as integer. + self.exit_code = exit_code + #: The exception that happened if one did. + self.exception = exception + #: The traceback + self.exc_info = exc_info + + @property + def output(self): + """The (standard) output as unicode string.""" + return self.stdout + + @property + def stdout(self): + """The standard output as unicode string.""" + return self.stdout_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, 'replace') \ + .replace('\r\n', '\n') + + @property + def stderr(self): + """The standard error as unicode string.""" + if not self.stderr_bytes: + raise ValueError("stderr not separately captured") + return self.stderr_bytes.decode(self.runner.charset, 'replace') \ + .replace('\r\n', '\n') + + + def __repr__(self): + return '<%s %s>' % ( + type(self).__name__, + self.exception and repr(self.exception) or 'okay', + ) + + +class CliRunner(object): + """The CLI runner provides functionality to invoke a Click command line + script for unittesting purposes in a isolated environment. This only + works in single-threaded systems without any concurrency as it changes the + global interpreter state. + + :param charset: the character set for the input and output data. This is + UTF-8 by default and should not be changed currently as + the reporting to Click only works in Python 2 properly. + :param env: a dictionary with environment variables for overriding. + :param echo_stdin: if this is set to `True`, then reading from stdin writes + to stdout. This is useful for showing examples in + some circumstances. Note that regular prompts + will automatically echo the input. + :param mix_stderr: if this is set to `False`, then stdout and stderr are + preserved as independent streams. This is useful for + Unix-philosophy apps that have predictable stdout and + noisy stderr, such that each may be measured + independently + """ + + def __init__(self, charset=None, env=None, echo_stdin=False, + mix_stderr=True): + if charset is None: + charset = 'utf-8' + self.charset = charset + self.env = env or {} + self.echo_stdin = echo_stdin + self.mix_stderr = mix_stderr + + def get_default_prog_name(self, cli): + """Given a command object it will return the default program name + for it. The default is the `name` attribute or ``"root"`` if not + set. + """ + return cli.name or 'root' + + def make_env(self, overrides=None): + """Returns the environment overrides for invoking a script.""" + rv = dict(self.env) + if overrides: + rv.update(overrides) + return rv + + @contextlib.contextmanager + def isolation(self, input=None, env=None, color=False): + """A context manager that sets up the isolation for invoking of a + command line tool. This sets up stdin with the given input data + and `os.environ` with the overrides from the given dictionary. + This also rebinds some internals in Click to be mocked (like the + prompt functionality). + + This is automatically done in the :meth:`invoke` method. + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + The ``color`` parameter was added. + + :param input: the input stream to put into sys.stdin. + :param env: the environment overrides as dictionary. + :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The + application can still override this explicitly. + """ + input = make_input_stream(input, self.charset) + + old_stdin = sys.stdin + old_stdout = sys.stdout + old_stderr = sys.stderr + old_forced_width = clickpkg.formatting.FORCED_WIDTH + clickpkg.formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = 80 + + env = self.make_env(env) + + if PY2: + bytes_output = StringIO() + if self.echo_stdin: + input = EchoingStdin(input, bytes_output) + sys.stdout = bytes_output + if not self.mix_stderr: + bytes_error = StringIO() + sys.stderr = bytes_error + else: + bytes_output = io.BytesIO() + if self.echo_stdin: + input = EchoingStdin(input, bytes_output) + input = io.TextIOWrapper(input, encoding=self.charset) + sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper( + bytes_output, encoding=self.charset) + if not self.mix_stderr: + bytes_error = io.BytesIO() + sys.stderr = io.TextIOWrapper( + bytes_error, encoding=self.charset) + + if self.mix_stderr: + sys.stderr = sys.stdout + + sys.stdin = input + + def visible_input(prompt=None): + sys.stdout.write(prompt or '') + val = input.readline().rstrip('\r\n') + sys.stdout.write(val + '\n') + sys.stdout.flush() + return val + + def hidden_input(prompt=None): + sys.stdout.write((prompt or '') + '\n') + sys.stdout.flush() + return input.readline().rstrip('\r\n') + + def _getchar(echo): + char = sys.stdin.read(1) + if echo: + sys.stdout.write(char) + sys.stdout.flush() + return char + + default_color = color + + def should_strip_ansi(stream=None, color=None): + if color is None: + return not default_color + return not color + + old_visible_prompt_func = clickpkg.termui.visible_prompt_func + old_hidden_prompt_func = clickpkg.termui.hidden_prompt_func + old__getchar_func = clickpkg.termui._getchar + old_should_strip_ansi = clickpkg.utils.should_strip_ansi + clickpkg.termui.visible_prompt_func = visible_input + clickpkg.termui.hidden_prompt_func = hidden_input + clickpkg.termui._getchar = _getchar + clickpkg.utils.should_strip_ansi = should_strip_ansi + + old_env = {} + try: + for key, value in iteritems(env): + old_env[key] = os.environ.get(key) + if value is None: + try: + del os.environ[key] + except Exception: + pass + else: + os.environ[key] = value + yield (bytes_output, not self.mix_stderr and bytes_error) + finally: + for key, value in iteritems(old_env): + if value is None: + try: + del os.environ[key] + except Exception: + pass + else: + os.environ[key] = value + sys.stdout = old_stdout + sys.stderr = old_stderr + sys.stdin = old_stdin + clickpkg.termui.visible_prompt_func = old_visible_prompt_func + clickpkg.termui.hidden_prompt_func = old_hidden_prompt_func + clickpkg.termui._getchar = old__getchar_func + clickpkg.utils.should_strip_ansi = old_should_strip_ansi + clickpkg.formatting.FORCED_WIDTH = old_forced_width + + def invoke(self, cli, args=None, input=None, env=None, + catch_exceptions=True, color=False, mix_stderr=False, **extra): + """Invokes a command in an isolated environment. The arguments are + forwarded directly to the command line script, the `extra` keyword + arguments are passed to the :meth:`~clickpkg.Command.main` function of + the command. + + This returns a :class:`Result` object. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + The ``catch_exceptions`` parameter was added. + + .. versionchanged:: 3.0 + The result object now has an `exc_info` attribute with the + traceback if available. + + .. versionadded:: 4.0 + The ``color`` parameter was added. + + :param cli: the command to invoke + :param args: the arguments to invoke. It may be given as an iterable + or a string. When given as string it will be interpreted + as a Unix shell command. More details at + :func:`shlex.split`. + :param input: the input data for `sys.stdin`. + :param env: the environment overrides. + :param catch_exceptions: Whether to catch any other exceptions than + ``SystemExit``. + :param extra: the keyword arguments to pass to :meth:`main`. + :param color: whether the output should contain color codes. The + application can still override this explicitly. + """ + exc_info = None + with self.isolation(input=input, env=env, color=color) as outstreams: + exception = None + exit_code = 0 + + if isinstance(args, string_types): + args = shlex.split(args) + + try: + prog_name = extra.pop("prog_name") + except KeyError: + prog_name = self.get_default_prog_name(cli) + + try: + cli.main(args=args or (), prog_name=prog_name, **extra) + except SystemExit as e: + exc_info = sys.exc_info() + exit_code = e.code + if exit_code is None: + exit_code = 0 + + if exit_code != 0: + exception = e + + if not isinstance(exit_code, int): + sys.stdout.write(str(exit_code)) + sys.stdout.write('\n') + exit_code = 1 + + except Exception as e: + if not catch_exceptions: + raise + exception = e + exit_code = 1 + exc_info = sys.exc_info() + finally: + sys.stdout.flush() + stdout = outstreams[0].getvalue() + stderr = outstreams[1] and outstreams[1].getvalue() + + return Result(runner=self, + stdout_bytes=stdout, + stderr_bytes=stderr, + exit_code=exit_code, + exception=exception, + exc_info=exc_info) + + @contextlib.contextmanager + def isolated_filesystem(self): + """A context manager that creates a temporary folder and changes + the current working directory to it for isolated filesystem tests. + """ + cwd = os.getcwd() + t = tempfile.mkdtemp() + os.chdir(t) + try: + yield t + finally: + os.chdir(cwd) + try: + shutil.rmtree(t) + except (OSError, IOError): + pass diff --git a/python/click/types.py b/python/click/types.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f88032 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/types.py @@ -0,0 +1,668 @@ +import os +import stat +from datetime import datetime + +from ._compat import open_stream, text_type, filename_to_ui, \ + get_filesystem_encoding, get_streerror, _get_argv_encoding, PY2 +from .exceptions import BadParameter +from .utils import safecall, LazyFile + + +class ParamType(object): + """Helper for converting values through types. The following is + necessary for a valid type: + + * it needs a name + * it needs to pass through None unchanged + * it needs to convert from a string + * it needs to convert its result type through unchanged + (eg: needs to be idempotent) + * it needs to be able to deal with param and context being `None`. + This can be the case when the object is used with prompt + inputs. + """ + is_composite = False + + #: the descriptive name of this type + name = None + + #: if a list of this type is expected and the value is pulled from a + #: string environment variable, this is what splits it up. `None` + #: means any whitespace. For all parameters the general rule is that + #: whitespace splits them up. The exception are paths and files which + #: are split by ``os.path.pathsep`` by default (":" on Unix and ";" on + #: Windows). + envvar_list_splitter = None + + def __call__(self, value, param=None, ctx=None): + if value is not None: + return self.convert(value, param, ctx) + + def get_metavar(self, param): + """Returns the metavar default for this param if it provides one.""" + + def get_missing_message(self, param): + """Optionally might return extra information about a missing + parameter. + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + """ + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + """Converts the value. This is not invoked for values that are + `None` (the missing value). + """ + return value + + def split_envvar_value(self, rv): + """Given a value from an environment variable this splits it up + into small chunks depending on the defined envvar list splitter. + + If the splitter is set to `None`, which means that whitespace splits, + then leading and trailing whitespace is ignored. Otherwise, leading + and trailing splitters usually lead to empty items being included. + """ + return (rv or '').split(self.envvar_list_splitter) + + def fail(self, message, param=None, ctx=None): + """Helper method to fail with an invalid value message.""" + raise BadParameter(message, ctx=ctx, param=param) + + +class CompositeParamType(ParamType): + is_composite = True + + @property + def arity(self): + raise NotImplementedError() + + +class FuncParamType(ParamType): + + def __init__(self, func): + self.name = func.__name__ + self.func = func + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + try: + return self.func(value) + except ValueError: + try: + value = text_type(value) + except UnicodeError: + value = str(value).decode('utf-8', 'replace') + self.fail(value, param, ctx) + + +class UnprocessedParamType(ParamType): + name = 'text' + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + return value + + def __repr__(self): + return 'UNPROCESSED' + + +class StringParamType(ParamType): + name = 'text' + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + if isinstance(value, bytes): + enc = _get_argv_encoding() + try: + value = value.decode(enc) + except UnicodeError: + fs_enc = get_filesystem_encoding() + if fs_enc != enc: + try: + value = value.decode(fs_enc) + except UnicodeError: + value = value.decode('utf-8', 'replace') + return value + return value + + def __repr__(self): + return 'STRING' + + +class Choice(ParamType): + """The choice type allows a value to be checked against a fixed set + of supported values. All of these values have to be strings. + + You should only pass a list or tuple of choices. Other iterables + (like generators) may lead to surprising results. + + See :ref:`choice-opts` for an example. + + :param case_sensitive: Set to false to make choices case + insensitive. Defaults to true. + """ + + name = 'choice' + + def __init__(self, choices, case_sensitive=True): + self.choices = choices + self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive + + def get_metavar(self, param): + return '[%s]' % '|'.join(self.choices) + + def get_missing_message(self, param): + return 'Choose from:\n\t%s.' % ',\n\t'.join(self.choices) + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + # Exact match + if value in self.choices: + return value + + # Match through normalization and case sensitivity + # first do token_normalize_func, then lowercase + # preserve original `value` to produce an accurate message in + # `self.fail` + normed_value = value + normed_choices = self.choices + + if ctx is not None and \ + ctx.token_normalize_func is not None: + normed_value = ctx.token_normalize_func(value) + normed_choices = [ctx.token_normalize_func(choice) for choice in + self.choices] + + if not self.case_sensitive: + normed_value = normed_value.lower() + normed_choices = [choice.lower() for choice in normed_choices] + + if normed_value in normed_choices: + return normed_value + + self.fail('invalid choice: %s. (choose from %s)' % + (value, ', '.join(self.choices)), param, ctx) + + def __repr__(self): + return 'Choice(%r)' % list(self.choices) + + +class DateTime(ParamType): + """The DateTime type converts date strings into `datetime` objects. + + The format strings which are checked are configurable, but default to some + common (non-timezone aware) ISO 8601 formats. + + When specifying *DateTime* formats, you should only pass a list or a tuple. + Other iterables, like generators, may lead to surprising results. + + The format strings are processed using ``datetime.strptime``, and this + consequently defines the format strings which are allowed. + + Parsing is tried using each format, in order, and the first format which + parses successfully is used. + + :param formats: A list or tuple of date format strings, in the order in + which they should be tried. Defaults to + ``'%Y-%m-%d'``, ``'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'``, + ``'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'``. + """ + name = 'datetime' + + def __init__(self, formats=None): + self.formats = formats or [ + '%Y-%m-%d', + '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', + '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' + ] + + def get_metavar(self, param): + return '[{}]'.format('|'.join(self.formats)) + + def _try_to_convert_date(self, value, format): + try: + return datetime.strptime(value, format) + except ValueError: + return None + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + # Exact match + for format in self.formats: + dtime = self._try_to_convert_date(value, format) + if dtime: + return dtime + + self.fail( + 'invalid datetime format: {}. (choose from {})'.format( + value, ', '.join(self.formats))) + + def __repr__(self): + return 'DateTime' + + +class IntParamType(ParamType): + name = 'integer' + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + try: + return int(value) + except (ValueError, UnicodeError): + self.fail('%s is not a valid integer' % value, param, ctx) + + def __repr__(self): + return 'INT' + + +class IntRange(IntParamType): + """A parameter that works similar to :data:`click.INT` but restricts + the value to fit into a range. The default behavior is to fail if the + value falls outside the range, but it can also be silently clamped + between the two edges. + + See :ref:`ranges` for an example. + """ + name = 'integer range' + + def __init__(self, min=None, max=None, clamp=False): + self.min = min + self.max = max + self.clamp = clamp + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + rv = IntParamType.convert(self, value, param, ctx) + if self.clamp: + if self.min is not None and rv < self.min: + return self.min + if self.max is not None and rv > self.max: + return self.max + if self.min is not None and rv < self.min or \ + self.max is not None and rv > self.max: + if self.min is None: + self.fail('%s is bigger than the maximum valid value ' + '%s.' % (rv, self.max), param, ctx) + elif self.max is None: + self.fail('%s is smaller than the minimum valid value ' + '%s.' % (rv, self.min), param, ctx) + else: + self.fail('%s is not in the valid range of %s to %s.' + % (rv, self.min, self.max), param, ctx) + return rv + + def __repr__(self): + return 'IntRange(%r, %r)' % (self.min, self.max) + + +class FloatParamType(ParamType): + name = 'float' + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + try: + return float(value) + except (UnicodeError, ValueError): + self.fail('%s is not a valid floating point value' % + value, param, ctx) + + def __repr__(self): + return 'FLOAT' + + +class FloatRange(FloatParamType): + """A parameter that works similar to :data:`click.FLOAT` but restricts + the value to fit into a range. The default behavior is to fail if the + value falls outside the range, but it can also be silently clamped + between the two edges. + + See :ref:`ranges` for an example. + """ + name = 'float range' + + def __init__(self, min=None, max=None, clamp=False): + self.min = min + self.max = max + self.clamp = clamp + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + rv = FloatParamType.convert(self, value, param, ctx) + if self.clamp: + if self.min is not None and rv < self.min: + return self.min + if self.max is not None and rv > self.max: + return self.max + if self.min is not None and rv < self.min or \ + self.max is not None and rv > self.max: + if self.min is None: + self.fail('%s is bigger than the maximum valid value ' + '%s.' % (rv, self.max), param, ctx) + elif self.max is None: + self.fail('%s is smaller than the minimum valid value ' + '%s.' % (rv, self.min), param, ctx) + else: + self.fail('%s is not in the valid range of %s to %s.' + % (rv, self.min, self.max), param, ctx) + return rv + + def __repr__(self): + return 'FloatRange(%r, %r)' % (self.min, self.max) + + +class BoolParamType(ParamType): + name = 'boolean' + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + if isinstance(value, bool): + return bool(value) + value = value.lower() + if value in ('true', 't', '1', 'yes', 'y'): + return True + elif value in ('false', 'f', '0', 'no', 'n'): + return False + self.fail('%s is not a valid boolean' % value, param, ctx) + + def __repr__(self): + return 'BOOL' + + +class UUIDParameterType(ParamType): + name = 'uuid' + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + import uuid + try: + if PY2 and isinstance(value, text_type): + value = value.encode('ascii') + return uuid.UUID(value) + except (UnicodeError, ValueError): + self.fail('%s is not a valid UUID value' % value, param, ctx) + + def __repr__(self): + return 'UUID' + + +class File(ParamType): + """Declares a parameter to be a file for reading or writing. The file + is automatically closed once the context tears down (after the command + finished working). + + Files can be opened for reading or writing. The special value ``-`` + indicates stdin or stdout depending on the mode. + + By default, the file is opened for reading text data, but it can also be + opened in binary mode or for writing. The encoding parameter can be used + to force a specific encoding. + + The `lazy` flag controls if the file should be opened immediately or upon + first IO. The default is to be non-lazy for standard input and output + streams as well as files opened for reading, `lazy` otherwise. When opening a + file lazily for reading, it is still opened temporarily for validation, but + will not be held open until first IO. lazy is mainly useful when opening + for writing to avoid creating the file until it is needed. + + Starting with Click 2.0, files can also be opened atomically in which + case all writes go into a separate file in the same folder and upon + completion the file will be moved over to the original location. This + is useful if a file regularly read by other users is modified. + + See :ref:`file-args` for more information. + """ + name = 'filename' + envvar_list_splitter = os.path.pathsep + + def __init__(self, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict', lazy=None, + atomic=False): + self.mode = mode + self.encoding = encoding + self.errors = errors + self.lazy = lazy + self.atomic = atomic + + def resolve_lazy_flag(self, value): + if self.lazy is not None: + return self.lazy + if value == '-': + return False + elif 'w' in self.mode: + return True + return False + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + try: + if hasattr(value, 'read') or hasattr(value, 'write'): + return value + + lazy = self.resolve_lazy_flag(value) + + if lazy: + f = LazyFile(value, self.mode, self.encoding, self.errors, + atomic=self.atomic) + if ctx is not None: + ctx.call_on_close(f.close_intelligently) + return f + + f, should_close = open_stream(value, self.mode, + self.encoding, self.errors, + atomic=self.atomic) + # If a context is provided, we automatically close the file + # at the end of the context execution (or flush out). If a + # context does not exist, it's the caller's responsibility to + # properly close the file. This for instance happens when the + # type is used with prompts. + if ctx is not None: + if should_close: + ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.close)) + else: + ctx.call_on_close(safecall(f.flush)) + return f + except (IOError, OSError) as e: + self.fail('Could not open file: %s: %s' % ( + filename_to_ui(value), + get_streerror(e), + ), param, ctx) + + +class Path(ParamType): + """The path type is similar to the :class:`File` type but it performs + different checks. First of all, instead of returning an open file + handle it returns just the filename. Secondly, it can perform various + basic checks about what the file or directory should be. + + .. versionchanged:: 6.0 + `allow_dash` was added. + + :param exists: if set to true, the file or directory needs to exist for + this value to be valid. If this is not required and a + file does indeed not exist, then all further checks are + silently skipped. + :param file_okay: controls if a file is a possible value. + :param dir_okay: controls if a directory is a possible value. + :param writable: if true, a writable check is performed. + :param readable: if true, a readable check is performed. + :param resolve_path: if this is true, then the path is fully resolved + before the value is passed onwards. This means + that it's absolute and symlinks are resolved. It + will not expand a tilde-prefix, as this is + supposed to be done by the shell only. + :param allow_dash: If this is set to `True`, a single dash to indicate + standard streams is permitted. + :param path_type: optionally a string type that should be used to + represent the path. The default is `None` which + means the return value will be either bytes or + unicode depending on what makes most sense given the + input data Click deals with. + """ + envvar_list_splitter = os.path.pathsep + + def __init__(self, exists=False, file_okay=True, dir_okay=True, + writable=False, readable=True, resolve_path=False, + allow_dash=False, path_type=None): + self.exists = exists + self.file_okay = file_okay + self.dir_okay = dir_okay + self.writable = writable + self.readable = readable + self.resolve_path = resolve_path + self.allow_dash = allow_dash + self.type = path_type + + if self.file_okay and not self.dir_okay: + self.name = 'file' + self.path_type = 'File' + elif self.dir_okay and not self.file_okay: + self.name = 'directory' + self.path_type = 'Directory' + else: + self.name = 'path' + self.path_type = 'Path' + + def coerce_path_result(self, rv): + if self.type is not None and not isinstance(rv, self.type): + if self.type is text_type: + rv = rv.decode(get_filesystem_encoding()) + else: + rv = rv.encode(get_filesystem_encoding()) + return rv + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + rv = value + + is_dash = self.file_okay and self.allow_dash and rv in (b'-', '-') + + if not is_dash: + if self.resolve_path: + rv = os.path.realpath(rv) + + try: + st = os.stat(rv) + except OSError: + if not self.exists: + return self.coerce_path_result(rv) + self.fail('%s "%s" does not exist.' % ( + self.path_type, + filename_to_ui(value) + ), param, ctx) + + if not self.file_okay and stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode): + self.fail('%s "%s" is a file.' % ( + self.path_type, + filename_to_ui(value) + ), param, ctx) + if not self.dir_okay and stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode): + self.fail('%s "%s" is a directory.' % ( + self.path_type, + filename_to_ui(value) + ), param, ctx) + if self.writable and not os.access(value, os.W_OK): + self.fail('%s "%s" is not writable.' % ( + self.path_type, + filename_to_ui(value) + ), param, ctx) + if self.readable and not os.access(value, os.R_OK): + self.fail('%s "%s" is not readable.' % ( + self.path_type, + filename_to_ui(value) + ), param, ctx) + + return self.coerce_path_result(rv) + + +class Tuple(CompositeParamType): + """The default behavior of Click is to apply a type on a value directly. + This works well in most cases, except for when `nargs` is set to a fixed + count and different types should be used for different items. In this + case the :class:`Tuple` type can be used. This type can only be used + if `nargs` is set to a fixed number. + + For more information see :ref:`tuple-type`. + + This can be selected by using a Python tuple literal as a type. + + :param types: a list of types that should be used for the tuple items. + """ + + def __init__(self, types): + self.types = [convert_type(ty) for ty in types] + + @property + def name(self): + return "<" + " ".join(ty.name for ty in self.types) + ">" + + @property + def arity(self): + return len(self.types) + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + if len(value) != len(self.types): + raise TypeError('It would appear that nargs is set to conflict ' + 'with the composite type arity.') + return tuple(ty(x, param, ctx) for ty, x in zip(self.types, value)) + + +def convert_type(ty, default=None): + """Converts a callable or python ty into the most appropriate param + ty. + """ + guessed_type = False + if ty is None and default is not None: + if isinstance(default, tuple): + ty = tuple(map(type, default)) + else: + ty = type(default) + guessed_type = True + + if isinstance(ty, tuple): + return Tuple(ty) + if isinstance(ty, ParamType): + return ty + if ty is text_type or ty is str or ty is None: + return STRING + if ty is int: + return INT + # Booleans are only okay if not guessed. This is done because for + # flags the default value is actually a bit of a lie in that it + # indicates which of the flags is the one we want. See get_default() + # for more information. + if ty is bool and not guessed_type: + return BOOL + if ty is float: + return FLOAT + if guessed_type: + return STRING + + # Catch a common mistake + if __debug__: + try: + if issubclass(ty, ParamType): + raise AssertionError('Attempted to use an uninstantiated ' + 'parameter type (%s).' % ty) + except TypeError: + pass + return FuncParamType(ty) + + +#: A dummy parameter type that just does nothing. From a user's +#: perspective this appears to just be the same as `STRING` but internally +#: no string conversion takes place. This is necessary to achieve the +#: same bytes/unicode behavior on Python 2/3 in situations where you want +#: to not convert argument types. This is usually useful when working +#: with file paths as they can appear in bytes and unicode. +#: +#: For path related uses the :class:`Path` type is a better choice but +#: there are situations where an unprocessed type is useful which is why +#: it is is provided. +#: +#: .. versionadded:: 4.0 +UNPROCESSED = UnprocessedParamType() + +#: A unicode string parameter type which is the implicit default. This +#: can also be selected by using ``str`` as type. +STRING = StringParamType() + +#: An integer parameter. This can also be selected by using ``int`` as +#: type. +INT = IntParamType() + +#: A floating point value parameter. This can also be selected by using +#: ``float`` as type. +FLOAT = FloatParamType() + +#: A boolean parameter. This is the default for boolean flags. This can +#: also be selected by using ``bool`` as a type. +BOOL = BoolParamType() + +#: A UUID parameter. +UUID = UUIDParameterType() diff --git a/python/click/utils.py b/python/click/utils.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fc84369 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/click/utils.py @@ -0,0 +1,440 @@ +import os +import sys + +from .globals import resolve_color_default + +from ._compat import text_type, open_stream, get_filesystem_encoding, \ + get_streerror, string_types, PY2, binary_streams, text_streams, \ + filename_to_ui, auto_wrap_for_ansi, strip_ansi, should_strip_ansi, \ + _default_text_stdout, _default_text_stderr, is_bytes, WIN + +if not PY2: + from ._compat import _find_binary_writer +elif WIN: + from ._winconsole import _get_windows_argv, \ + _hash_py_argv, _initial_argv_hash + + +echo_native_types = string_types + (bytes, bytearray) + + +def _posixify(name): + return '-'.join(name.split()).lower() + + +def safecall(func): + """Wraps a function so that it swallows exceptions.""" + def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): + try: + return func(*args, **kwargs) + except Exception: + pass + return wrapper + + +def make_str(value): + """Converts a value into a valid string.""" + if isinstance(value, bytes): + try: + return value.decode(get_filesystem_encoding()) + except UnicodeError: + return value.decode('utf-8', 'replace') + return text_type(value) + + +def make_default_short_help(help, max_length=45): + """Return a condensed version of help string.""" + words = help.split() + total_length = 0 + result = [] + done = False + + for word in words: + if word[-1:] == '.': + done = True + new_length = result and 1 + len(word) or len(word) + if total_length + new_length > max_length: + result.append('...') + done = True + else: + if result: + result.append(' ') + result.append(word) + if done: + break + total_length += new_length + + return ''.join(result) + + +class LazyFile(object): + """A lazy file works like a regular file but it does not fully open + the file but it does perform some basic checks early to see if the + filename parameter does make sense. This is useful for safely opening + files for writing. + """ + + def __init__(self, filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict', + atomic=False): + self.name = filename + self.mode = mode + self.encoding = encoding + self.errors = errors + self.atomic = atomic + + if filename == '-': + self._f, self.should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, + encoding, errors) + else: + if 'r' in mode: + # Open and close the file in case we're opening it for + # reading so that we can catch at least some errors in + # some cases early. + open(filename, mode).close() + self._f = None + self.should_close = True + + def __getattr__(self, name): + return getattr(self.open(), name) + + def __repr__(self): + if self._f is not None: + return repr(self._f) + return '' % (self.name, self.mode) + + def open(self): + """Opens the file if it's not yet open. This call might fail with + a :exc:`FileError`. Not handling this error will produce an error + that Click shows. + """ + if self._f is not None: + return self._f + try: + rv, self.should_close = open_stream(self.name, self.mode, + self.encoding, + self.errors, + atomic=self.atomic) + except (IOError, OSError) as e: + from .exceptions import FileError + raise FileError(self.name, hint=get_streerror(e)) + self._f = rv + return rv + + def close(self): + """Closes the underlying file, no matter what.""" + if self._f is not None: + self._f.close() + + def close_intelligently(self): + """This function only closes the file if it was opened by the lazy + file wrapper. For instance this will never close stdin. + """ + if self.should_close: + self.close() + + def __enter__(self): + return self + + def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb): + self.close_intelligently() + + def __iter__(self): + self.open() + return iter(self._f) + + +class KeepOpenFile(object): + + def __init__(self, file): + self._file = file + + def __getattr__(self, name): + return getattr(self._file, name) + + def __enter__(self): + return self + + def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb): + pass + + def __repr__(self): + return repr(self._file) + + def __iter__(self): + return iter(self._file) + + +def echo(message=None, file=None, nl=True, err=False, color=None): + """Prints a message plus a newline to the given file or stdout. On + first sight, this looks like the print function, but it has improved + support for handling Unicode and binary data that does not fail no + matter how badly configured the system is. + + Primarily it means that you can print binary data as well as Unicode + data on both 2.x and 3.x to the given file in the most appropriate way + possible. This is a very carefree function in that it will try its + best to not fail. As of Click 6.0 this includes support for unicode + output on the Windows console. + + In addition to that, if `colorama`_ is installed, the echo function will + also support clever handling of ANSI codes. Essentially it will then + do the following: + + - add transparent handling of ANSI color codes on Windows. + - hide ANSI codes automatically if the destination file is not a + terminal. + + .. _colorama: https://pypi.org/project/colorama/ + + .. versionchanged:: 6.0 + As of Click 6.0 the echo function will properly support unicode + output on the windows console. Not that click does not modify + the interpreter in any way which means that `sys.stdout` or the + print statement or function will still not provide unicode support. + + .. versionchanged:: 2.0 + Starting with version 2.0 of Click, the echo function will work + with colorama if it's installed. + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + The `err` parameter was added. + + .. versionchanged:: 4.0 + Added the `color` flag. + + :param message: the message to print + :param file: the file to write to (defaults to ``stdout``) + :param err: if set to true the file defaults to ``stderr`` instead of + ``stdout``. This is faster and easier than calling + :func:`get_text_stderr` yourself. + :param nl: if set to `True` (the default) a newline is printed afterwards. + :param color: controls if the terminal supports ANSI colors or not. The + default is autodetection. + """ + if file is None: + if err: + file = _default_text_stderr() + else: + file = _default_text_stdout() + + # Convert non bytes/text into the native string type. + if message is not None and not isinstance(message, echo_native_types): + message = text_type(message) + + if nl: + message = message or u'' + if isinstance(message, text_type): + message += u'\n' + else: + message += b'\n' + + # If there is a message, and we're in Python 3, and the value looks + # like bytes, we manually need to find the binary stream and write the + # message in there. This is done separately so that most stream + # types will work as you would expect. Eg: you can write to StringIO + # for other cases. + if message and not PY2 and is_bytes(message): + binary_file = _find_binary_writer(file) + if binary_file is not None: + file.flush() + binary_file.write(message) + binary_file.flush() + return + + # ANSI-style support. If there is no message or we are dealing with + # bytes nothing is happening. If we are connected to a file we want + # to strip colors. If we are on windows we either wrap the stream + # to strip the color or we use the colorama support to translate the + # ansi codes to API calls. + if message and not is_bytes(message): + color = resolve_color_default(color) + if should_strip_ansi(file, color): + message = strip_ansi(message) + elif WIN: + if auto_wrap_for_ansi is not None: + file = auto_wrap_for_ansi(file) + elif not color: + message = strip_ansi(message) + + if message: + file.write(message) + file.flush() + + +def get_binary_stream(name): + """Returns a system stream for byte processing. This essentially + returns the stream from the sys module with the given name but it + solves some compatibility issues between different Python versions. + Primarily this function is necessary for getting binary streams on + Python 3. + + :param name: the name of the stream to open. Valid names are ``'stdin'``, + ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'`` + """ + opener = binary_streams.get(name) + if opener is None: + raise TypeError('Unknown standard stream %r' % name) + return opener() + + +def get_text_stream(name, encoding=None, errors='strict'): + """Returns a system stream for text processing. This usually returns + a wrapped stream around a binary stream returned from + :func:`get_binary_stream` but it also can take shortcuts on Python 3 + for already correctly configured streams. + + :param name: the name of the stream to open. Valid names are ``'stdin'``, + ``'stdout'`` and ``'stderr'`` + :param encoding: overrides the detected default encoding. + :param errors: overrides the default error mode. + """ + opener = text_streams.get(name) + if opener is None: + raise TypeError('Unknown standard stream %r' % name) + return opener(encoding, errors) + + +def open_file(filename, mode='r', encoding=None, errors='strict', + lazy=False, atomic=False): + """This is similar to how the :class:`File` works but for manual + usage. Files are opened non lazy by default. This can open regular + files as well as stdin/stdout if ``'-'`` is passed. + + If stdin/stdout is returned the stream is wrapped so that the context + manager will not close the stream accidentally. This makes it possible + to always use the function like this without having to worry to + accidentally close a standard stream:: + + with open_file(filename) as f: + ... + + .. versionadded:: 3.0 + + :param filename: the name of the file to open (or ``'-'`` for stdin/stdout). + :param mode: the mode in which to open the file. + :param encoding: the encoding to use. + :param errors: the error handling for this file. + :param lazy: can be flipped to true to open the file lazily. + :param atomic: in atomic mode writes go into a temporary file and it's + moved on close. + """ + if lazy: + return LazyFile(filename, mode, encoding, errors, atomic=atomic) + f, should_close = open_stream(filename, mode, encoding, errors, + atomic=atomic) + if not should_close: + f = KeepOpenFile(f) + return f + + +def get_os_args(): + """This returns the argument part of sys.argv in the most appropriate + form for processing. What this means is that this return value is in + a format that works for Click to process but does not necessarily + correspond well to what's actually standard for the interpreter. + + On most environments the return value is ``sys.argv[:1]`` unchanged. + However if you are on Windows and running Python 2 the return value + will actually be a list of unicode strings instead because the + default behavior on that platform otherwise will not be able to + carry all possible values that sys.argv can have. + + .. versionadded:: 6.0 + """ + # We can only extract the unicode argv if sys.argv has not been + # changed since the startup of the application. + if PY2 and WIN and _initial_argv_hash == _hash_py_argv(): + return _get_windows_argv() + return sys.argv[1:] + + +def format_filename(filename, shorten=False): + """Formats a filename for user display. The main purpose of this + function is to ensure that the filename can be displayed at all. This + will decode the filename to unicode if necessary in a way that it will + not fail. Optionally, it can shorten the filename to not include the + full path to the filename. + + :param filename: formats a filename for UI display. This will also convert + the filename into unicode without failing. + :param shorten: this optionally shortens the filename to strip of the + path that leads up to it. + """ + if shorten: + filename = os.path.basename(filename) + return filename_to_ui(filename) + + +def get_app_dir(app_name, roaming=True, force_posix=False): + r"""Returns the config folder for the application. The default behavior + is to return whatever is most appropriate for the operating system. + + To give you an idea, for an app called ``"Foo Bar"``, something like + the following folders could be returned: + + Mac OS X: + ``~/Library/Application Support/Foo Bar`` + Mac OS X (POSIX): + ``~/.foo-bar`` + Unix: + ``~/.config/foo-bar`` + Unix (POSIX): + ``~/.foo-bar`` + Win XP (roaming): + ``C:\Documents and Settings\\Local Settings\Application Data\Foo Bar`` + Win XP (not roaming): + ``C:\Documents and Settings\\Application Data\Foo Bar`` + Win 7 (roaming): + ``C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\Foo Bar`` + Win 7 (not roaming): + ``C:\Users\\AppData\Local\Foo Bar`` + + .. versionadded:: 2.0 + + :param app_name: the application name. This should be properly capitalized + and can contain whitespace. + :param roaming: controls if the folder should be roaming or not on Windows. + Has no affect otherwise. + :param force_posix: if this is set to `True` then on any POSIX system the + folder will be stored in the home folder with a leading + dot instead of the XDG config home or darwin's + application support folder. + """ + if WIN: + key = roaming and 'APPDATA' or 'LOCALAPPDATA' + folder = os.environ.get(key) + if folder is None: + folder = os.path.expanduser('~') + return os.path.join(folder, app_name) + if force_posix: + return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser('~/.' + _posixify(app_name))) + if sys.platform == 'darwin': + return os.path.join(os.path.expanduser( + '~/Library/Application Support'), app_name) + return os.path.join( + os.environ.get('XDG_CONFIG_HOME', os.path.expanduser('~/.config')), + _posixify(app_name)) + + +class PacifyFlushWrapper(object): + """This wrapper is used to catch and suppress BrokenPipeErrors resulting + from ``.flush()`` being called on broken pipe during the shutdown/final-GC + of the Python interpreter. Notably ``.flush()`` is always called on + ``sys.stdout`` and ``sys.stderr``. So as to have minimal impact on any + other cleanup code, and the case where the underlying file is not a broken + pipe, all calls and attributes are proxied. + """ + + def __init__(self, wrapped): + self.wrapped = wrapped + + def flush(self): + try: + self.wrapped.flush() + except IOError as e: + import errno + if e.errno != errno.EPIPE: + raise + + def __getattr__(self, attr): + return getattr(self.wrapped, attr) diff --git a/python/flask/__init__.py b/python/flask/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..59f0fff --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask + ~~~~~ + + A microframework based on Werkzeug. It's extensively documented + and follows best practice patterns. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +__version__ = '1.0.3' + +# utilities we import from Werkzeug and Jinja2 that are unused +# in the module but are exported as public interface. +from werkzeug.exceptions import abort +from werkzeug.utils import redirect +from jinja2 import Markup, escape + +from .app import Flask, Request, Response +from .config import Config +from .helpers import url_for, flash, send_file, send_from_directory, \ + get_flashed_messages, get_template_attribute, make_response, safe_join, \ + stream_with_context +from .globals import current_app, g, request, session, _request_ctx_stack, \ + _app_ctx_stack +from .ctx import has_request_context, has_app_context, \ + after_this_request, copy_current_request_context +from .blueprints import Blueprint +from .templating import render_template, render_template_string + +# the signals +from .signals import signals_available, template_rendered, request_started, \ + request_finished, got_request_exception, request_tearing_down, \ + appcontext_tearing_down, appcontext_pushed, \ + appcontext_popped, message_flashed, before_render_template + +# We're not exposing the actual json module but a convenient wrapper around +# it. +from . import json + +# This was the only thing that Flask used to export at one point and it had +# a more generic name. +jsonify = json.jsonify + +# backwards compat, goes away in 1.0 +from .sessions import SecureCookieSession as Session +json_available = True diff --git a/python/flask/__main__.py b/python/flask/__main__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4aee654 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/__main__.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask.__main__ + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Alias for flask.run for the command line. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +if __name__ == '__main__': + from .cli import main + main(as_module=True) diff --git a/python/flask/_compat.py b/python/flask/_compat.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfbaae9 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/_compat.py @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask._compat + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Some py2/py3 compatibility support based on a stripped down + version of six so we don't have to depend on a specific version + of it. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +import sys + +PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2 +_identity = lambda x: x + + +if not PY2: + text_type = str + string_types = (str,) + integer_types = (int,) + + iterkeys = lambda d: iter(d.keys()) + itervalues = lambda d: iter(d.values()) + iteritems = lambda d: iter(d.items()) + + from inspect import getfullargspec as getargspec + from io import StringIO + import collections.abc as collections_abc + + def reraise(tp, value, tb=None): + if value.__traceback__ is not tb: + raise value.with_traceback(tb) + raise value + + implements_to_string = _identity + +else: + text_type = unicode + string_types = (str, unicode) + integer_types = (int, long) + + iterkeys = lambda d: d.iterkeys() + itervalues = lambda d: d.itervalues() + iteritems = lambda d: d.iteritems() + + from inspect import getargspec + from cStringIO import StringIO + import collections as collections_abc + + exec('def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):\n raise tp, value, tb') + + def implements_to_string(cls): + cls.__unicode__ = cls.__str__ + cls.__str__ = lambda x: x.__unicode__().encode('utf-8') + return cls + + +def with_metaclass(meta, *bases): + """Create a base class with a metaclass.""" + # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a + # dummy metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces + # itself with the actual metaclass. + class metaclass(type): + def __new__(cls, name, this_bases, d): + return meta(name, bases, d) + return type.__new__(metaclass, 'temporary_class', (), {}) + + +# Certain versions of pypy have a bug where clearing the exception stack +# breaks the __exit__ function in a very peculiar way. The second level of +# exception blocks is necessary because pypy seems to forget to check if an +# exception happened until the next bytecode instruction? +# +# Relevant PyPy bugfix commit: +# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/commits/77ecf91c635a287e88e60d8ddb0f4e9df4003301 +# According to ronan on #pypy IRC, it is released in PyPy2 2.3 and later +# versions. +# +# Ubuntu 14.04 has PyPy 2.2.1, which does exhibit this bug. +BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT = False +if hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'): + class _Mgr(object): + def __enter__(self): + return self + def __exit__(self, *args): + if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'): + # Python 3 (PyPy3) doesn't have exc_clear + sys.exc_clear() + try: + try: + with _Mgr(): + raise AssertionError() + except: + raise + except TypeError: + BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT = True + except AssertionError: + pass diff --git a/python/flask/app.py b/python/flask/app.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c570a95 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/app.py @@ -0,0 +1,2334 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask.app + ~~~~~~~~~ + + This module implements the central WSGI application object. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +import os +import sys +import warnings +from datetime import timedelta +from functools import update_wrapper +from itertools import chain +from threading import Lock + +from werkzeug.datastructures import Headers, ImmutableDict +from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest, BadRequestKeyError, HTTPException, \ + InternalServerError, MethodNotAllowed, default_exceptions +from werkzeug.routing import BuildError, Map, RequestRedirect, \ + RoutingException, Rule + +from . import cli, json +from ._compat import integer_types, reraise, string_types, text_type +from .config import Config, ConfigAttribute +from .ctx import AppContext, RequestContext, _AppCtxGlobals +from .globals import _request_ctx_stack, g, request, session +from .helpers import ( + _PackageBoundObject, + _endpoint_from_view_func, find_package, get_env, get_debug_flag, + get_flashed_messages, locked_cached_property, url_for, get_load_dotenv +) +from .logging import create_logger +from .sessions import SecureCookieSessionInterface +from .signals import appcontext_tearing_down, got_request_exception, \ + request_finished, request_started, request_tearing_down +from .templating import DispatchingJinjaLoader, Environment, \ + _default_template_ctx_processor +from .wrappers import Request, Response + +# a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults +_sentinel = object() + + +def _make_timedelta(value): + if not isinstance(value, timedelta): + return timedelta(seconds=value) + return value + + +def setupmethod(f): + """Wraps a method so that it performs a check in debug mode if the + first request was already handled. + """ + def wrapper_func(self, *args, **kwargs): + if self.debug and self._got_first_request: + raise AssertionError('A setup function was called after the ' + 'first request was handled. This usually indicates a bug ' + 'in the application where a module was not imported ' + 'and decorators or other functionality was called too late.\n' + 'To fix this make sure to import all your view modules, ' + 'database models and everything related at a central place ' + 'before the application starts serving requests.') + return f(self, *args, **kwargs) + return update_wrapper(wrapper_func, f) + + +class Flask(_PackageBoundObject): + """The flask object implements a WSGI application and acts as the central + object. It is passed the name of the module or package of the + application. Once it is created it will act as a central registry for + the view functions, the URL rules, template configuration and much more. + + The name of the package is used to resolve resources from inside the + package or the folder the module is contained in depending on if the + package parameter resolves to an actual python package (a folder with + an :file:`__init__.py` file inside) or a standard module (just a ``.py`` file). + + For more information about resource loading, see :func:`open_resource`. + + Usually you create a :class:`Flask` instance in your main module or + in the :file:`__init__.py` file of your package like this:: + + from flask import Flask + app = Flask(__name__) + + .. admonition:: About the First Parameter + + The idea of the first parameter is to give Flask an idea of what + belongs to your application. This name is used to find resources + on the filesystem, can be used by extensions to improve debugging + information and a lot more. + + So it's important what you provide there. If you are using a single + module, `__name__` is always the correct value. If you however are + using a package, it's usually recommended to hardcode the name of + your package there. + + For example if your application is defined in :file:`yourapplication/app.py` + you should create it with one of the two versions below:: + + app = Flask('yourapplication') + app = Flask(__name__.split('.')[0]) + + Why is that? The application will work even with `__name__`, thanks + to how resources are looked up. However it will make debugging more + painful. Certain extensions can make assumptions based on the + import name of your application. For example the Flask-SQLAlchemy + extension will look for the code in your application that triggered + an SQL query in debug mode. If the import name is not properly set + up, that debugging information is lost. (For example it would only + pick up SQL queries in `yourapplication.app` and not + `yourapplication.views.frontend`) + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + The `static_url_path`, `static_folder`, and `template_folder` + parameters were added. + + .. versionadded:: 0.8 + The `instance_path` and `instance_relative_config` parameters were + added. + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + The `root_path` parameter was added. + + .. versionadded:: 1.0 + The ``host_matching`` and ``static_host`` parameters were added. + + .. versionadded:: 1.0 + The ``subdomain_matching`` parameter was added. Subdomain + matching needs to be enabled manually now. Setting + :data:`SERVER_NAME` does not implicitly enable it. + + :param import_name: the name of the application package + :param static_url_path: can be used to specify a different path for the + static files on the web. Defaults to the name + of the `static_folder` folder. + :param static_folder: the folder with static files that should be served + at `static_url_path`. Defaults to the ``'static'`` + folder in the root path of the application. + :param static_host: the host to use when adding the static route. + Defaults to None. Required when using ``host_matching=True`` + with a ``static_folder`` configured. + :param host_matching: set ``url_map.host_matching`` attribute. + Defaults to False. + :param subdomain_matching: consider the subdomain relative to + :data:`SERVER_NAME` when matching routes. Defaults to False. + :param template_folder: the folder that contains the templates that should + be used by the application. Defaults to + ``'templates'`` folder in the root path of the + application. + :param instance_path: An alternative instance path for the application. + By default the folder ``'instance'`` next to the + package or module is assumed to be the instance + path. + :param instance_relative_config: if set to ``True`` relative filenames + for loading the config are assumed to + be relative to the instance path instead + of the application root. + :param root_path: Flask by default will automatically calculate the path + to the root of the application. In certain situations + this cannot be achieved (for instance if the package + is a Python 3 namespace package) and needs to be + manually defined. + """ + + #: The class that is used for request objects. See :class:`~flask.Request` + #: for more information. + request_class = Request + + #: The class that is used for response objects. See + #: :class:`~flask.Response` for more information. + response_class = Response + + #: The class that is used for the Jinja environment. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.11 + jinja_environment = Environment + + #: The class that is used for the :data:`~flask.g` instance. + #: + #: Example use cases for a custom class: + #: + #: 1. Store arbitrary attributes on flask.g. + #: 2. Add a property for lazy per-request database connectors. + #: 3. Return None instead of AttributeError on unexpected attributes. + #: 4. Raise exception if an unexpected attr is set, a "controlled" flask.g. + #: + #: In Flask 0.9 this property was called `request_globals_class` but it + #: was changed in 0.10 to :attr:`app_ctx_globals_class` because the + #: flask.g object is now application context scoped. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.10 + app_ctx_globals_class = _AppCtxGlobals + + #: The class that is used for the ``config`` attribute of this app. + #: Defaults to :class:`~flask.Config`. + #: + #: Example use cases for a custom class: + #: + #: 1. Default values for certain config options. + #: 2. Access to config values through attributes in addition to keys. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.11 + config_class = Config + + #: The testing flag. Set this to ``True`` to enable the test mode of + #: Flask extensions (and in the future probably also Flask itself). + #: For example this might activate test helpers that have an + #: additional runtime cost which should not be enabled by default. + #: + #: If this is enabled and PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS is not changed from the + #: default it's implicitly enabled. + #: + #: This attribute can also be configured from the config with the + #: ``TESTING`` configuration key. Defaults to ``False``. + testing = ConfigAttribute('TESTING') + + #: If a secret key is set, cryptographic components can use this to + #: sign cookies and other things. Set this to a complex random value + #: when you want to use the secure cookie for instance. + #: + #: This attribute can also be configured from the config with the + #: :data:`SECRET_KEY` configuration key. Defaults to ``None``. + secret_key = ConfigAttribute('SECRET_KEY') + + #: The secure cookie uses this for the name of the session cookie. + #: + #: This attribute can also be configured from the config with the + #: ``SESSION_COOKIE_NAME`` configuration key. Defaults to ``'session'`` + session_cookie_name = ConfigAttribute('SESSION_COOKIE_NAME') + + #: A :class:`~datetime.timedelta` which is used to set the expiration + #: date of a permanent session. The default is 31 days which makes a + #: permanent session survive for roughly one month. + #: + #: This attribute can also be configured from the config with the + #: ``PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME`` configuration key. Defaults to + #: ``timedelta(days=31)`` + permanent_session_lifetime = ConfigAttribute('PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME', + get_converter=_make_timedelta) + + #: A :class:`~datetime.timedelta` which is used as default cache_timeout + #: for the :func:`send_file` functions. The default is 12 hours. + #: + #: This attribute can also be configured from the config with the + #: ``SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT`` configuration key. This configuration + #: variable can also be set with an integer value used as seconds. + #: Defaults to ``timedelta(hours=12)`` + send_file_max_age_default = ConfigAttribute('SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT', + get_converter=_make_timedelta) + + #: Enable this if you want to use the X-Sendfile feature. Keep in + #: mind that the server has to support this. This only affects files + #: sent with the :func:`send_file` method. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.2 + #: + #: This attribute can also be configured from the config with the + #: ``USE_X_SENDFILE`` configuration key. Defaults to ``False``. + use_x_sendfile = ConfigAttribute('USE_X_SENDFILE') + + #: The JSON encoder class to use. Defaults to :class:`~flask.json.JSONEncoder`. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.10 + json_encoder = json.JSONEncoder + + #: The JSON decoder class to use. Defaults to :class:`~flask.json.JSONDecoder`. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.10 + json_decoder = json.JSONDecoder + + #: Options that are passed directly to the Jinja2 environment. + jinja_options = ImmutableDict( + extensions=['jinja2.ext.autoescape', 'jinja2.ext.with_'] + ) + + #: Default configuration parameters. + default_config = ImmutableDict({ + 'ENV': None, + 'DEBUG': None, + 'TESTING': False, + 'PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS': None, + 'PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION': None, + 'SECRET_KEY': None, + 'PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=31), + 'USE_X_SENDFILE': False, + 'SERVER_NAME': None, + 'APPLICATION_ROOT': '/', + 'SESSION_COOKIE_NAME': 'session', + 'SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN': None, + 'SESSION_COOKIE_PATH': None, + 'SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY': True, + 'SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE': False, + 'SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE': None, + 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST': True, + 'MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH': None, + 'SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT': timedelta(hours=12), + 'TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS': None, + 'TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS': False, + 'EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING': False, + 'PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME': 'http', + 'JSON_AS_ASCII': True, + 'JSON_SORT_KEYS': True, + 'JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR': False, + 'JSONIFY_MIMETYPE': 'application/json', + 'TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD': None, + 'MAX_COOKIE_SIZE': 4093, + }) + + #: The rule object to use for URL rules created. This is used by + #: :meth:`add_url_rule`. Defaults to :class:`werkzeug.routing.Rule`. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.7 + url_rule_class = Rule + + #: the test client that is used with when `test_client` is used. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.7 + test_client_class = None + + #: The :class:`~click.testing.CliRunner` subclass, by default + #: :class:`~flask.testing.FlaskCliRunner` that is used by + #: :meth:`test_cli_runner`. Its ``__init__`` method should take a + #: Flask app object as the first argument. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 1.0 + test_cli_runner_class = None + + #: the session interface to use. By default an instance of + #: :class:`~flask.sessions.SecureCookieSessionInterface` is used here. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.8 + session_interface = SecureCookieSessionInterface() + + # TODO remove the next three attrs when Sphinx :inherited-members: works + # https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/741 + + #: The name of the package or module that this app belongs to. Do not + #: change this once it is set by the constructor. + import_name = None + + #: Location of the template files to be added to the template lookup. + #: ``None`` if templates should not be added. + template_folder = None + + #: Absolute path to the package on the filesystem. Used to look up + #: resources contained in the package. + root_path = None + + def __init__( + self, + import_name, + static_url_path=None, + static_folder='static', + static_host=None, + host_matching=False, + subdomain_matching=False, + template_folder='templates', + instance_path=None, + instance_relative_config=False, + root_path=None + ): + _PackageBoundObject.__init__( + self, + import_name, + template_folder=template_folder, + root_path=root_path + ) + + if static_url_path is not None: + self.static_url_path = static_url_path + + if static_folder is not None: + self.static_folder = static_folder + + if instance_path is None: + instance_path = self.auto_find_instance_path() + elif not os.path.isabs(instance_path): + raise ValueError( + 'If an instance path is provided it must be absolute.' + ' A relative path was given instead.' + ) + + #: Holds the path to the instance folder. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.8 + self.instance_path = instance_path + + #: The configuration dictionary as :class:`Config`. This behaves + #: exactly like a regular dictionary but supports additional methods + #: to load a config from files. + self.config = self.make_config(instance_relative_config) + + #: A dictionary of all view functions registered. The keys will + #: be function names which are also used to generate URLs and + #: the values are the function objects themselves. + #: To register a view function, use the :meth:`route` decorator. + self.view_functions = {} + + #: A dictionary of all registered error handlers. The key is ``None`` + #: for error handlers active on the application, otherwise the key is + #: the name of the blueprint. Each key points to another dictionary + #: where the key is the status code of the http exception. The + #: special key ``None`` points to a list of tuples where the first item + #: is the class for the instance check and the second the error handler + #: function. + #: + #: To register an error handler, use the :meth:`errorhandler` + #: decorator. + self.error_handler_spec = {} + + #: A list of functions that are called when :meth:`url_for` raises a + #: :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError`. Each function registered here + #: is called with `error`, `endpoint` and `values`. If a function + #: returns ``None`` or raises a :exc:`BuildError` the next function is + #: tried. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.9 + self.url_build_error_handlers = [] + + #: A dictionary with lists of functions that will be called at the + #: beginning of each request. The key of the dictionary is the name of + #: the blueprint this function is active for, or ``None`` for all + #: requests. To register a function, use the :meth:`before_request` + #: decorator. + self.before_request_funcs = {} + + #: A list of functions that will be called at the beginning of the + #: first request to this instance. To register a function, use the + #: :meth:`before_first_request` decorator. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.8 + self.before_first_request_funcs = [] + + #: A dictionary with lists of functions that should be called after + #: each request. The key of the dictionary is the name of the blueprint + #: this function is active for, ``None`` for all requests. This can for + #: example be used to close database connections. To register a function + #: here, use the :meth:`after_request` decorator. + self.after_request_funcs = {} + + #: A dictionary with lists of functions that are called after + #: each request, even if an exception has occurred. The key of the + #: dictionary is the name of the blueprint this function is active for, + #: ``None`` for all requests. These functions are not allowed to modify + #: the request, and their return values are ignored. If an exception + #: occurred while processing the request, it gets passed to each + #: teardown_request function. To register a function here, use the + #: :meth:`teardown_request` decorator. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.7 + self.teardown_request_funcs = {} + + #: A list of functions that are called when the application context + #: is destroyed. Since the application context is also torn down + #: if the request ends this is the place to store code that disconnects + #: from databases. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.9 + self.teardown_appcontext_funcs = [] + + #: A dictionary with lists of functions that are called before the + #: :attr:`before_request_funcs` functions. The key of the dictionary is + #: the name of the blueprint this function is active for, or ``None`` + #: for all requests. To register a function, use + #: :meth:`url_value_preprocessor`. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.7 + self.url_value_preprocessors = {} + + #: A dictionary with lists of functions that can be used as URL value + #: preprocessors. The key ``None`` here is used for application wide + #: callbacks, otherwise the key is the name of the blueprint. + #: Each of these functions has the chance to modify the dictionary + #: of URL values before they are used as the keyword arguments of the + #: view function. For each function registered this one should also + #: provide a :meth:`url_defaults` function that adds the parameters + #: automatically again that were removed that way. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.7 + self.url_default_functions = {} + + #: A dictionary with list of functions that are called without argument + #: to populate the template context. The key of the dictionary is the + #: name of the blueprint this function is active for, ``None`` for all + #: requests. Each returns a dictionary that the template context is + #: updated with. To register a function here, use the + #: :meth:`context_processor` decorator. + self.template_context_processors = { + None: [_default_template_ctx_processor] + } + + #: A list of shell context processor functions that should be run + #: when a shell context is created. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.11 + self.shell_context_processors = [] + + #: all the attached blueprints in a dictionary by name. Blueprints + #: can be attached multiple times so this dictionary does not tell + #: you how often they got attached. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.7 + self.blueprints = {} + self._blueprint_order = [] + + #: a place where extensions can store application specific state. For + #: example this is where an extension could store database engines and + #: similar things. For backwards compatibility extensions should register + #: themselves like this:: + #: + #: if not hasattr(app, 'extensions'): + #: app.extensions = {} + #: app.extensions['extensionname'] = SomeObject() + #: + #: The key must match the name of the extension module. For example in + #: case of a "Flask-Foo" extension in `flask_foo`, the key would be + #: ``'foo'``. + #: + #: .. versionadded:: 0.7 + self.extensions = {} + + #: The :class:`~werkzeug.routing.Map` for this instance. You can use + #: this to change the routing converters after the class was created + #: but before any routes are connected. Example:: + #: + #: from werkzeug.routing import BaseConverter + #: + #: class ListConverter(BaseConverter): + #: def to_python(self, value): + #: return value.split(',') + #: def to_url(self, values): + #: return ','.join(super(ListConverter, self).to_url(value) + #: for value in values) + #: + #: app = Flask(__name__) + #: app.url_map.converters['list'] = ListConverter + self.url_map = Map() + + self.url_map.host_matching = host_matching + self.subdomain_matching = subdomain_matching + + # tracks internally if the application already handled at least one + # request. + self._got_first_request = False + self._before_request_lock = Lock() + + # Add a static route using the provided static_url_path, static_host, + # and static_folder if there is a configured static_folder. + # Note we do this without checking if static_folder exists. + # For one, it might be created while the server is running (e.g. during + # development). Also, Google App Engine stores static files somewhere + if self.has_static_folder: + assert bool(static_host) == host_matching, 'Invalid static_host/host_matching combination' + self.add_url_rule( + self.static_url_path + '/', + endpoint='static', + host=static_host, + view_func=self.send_static_file + ) + + #: The click command line context for this application. Commands + #: registered here show up in the :command:`flask` command once the + #: application has been discovered. The default commands are + #: provided by Flask itself and can be overridden. + #: + #: This is an instance of a :class:`click.Group` object. + self.cli = cli.AppGroup(self.name) + + @locked_cached_property + def name(self): + """The name of the application. This is usually the import name + with the difference that it's guessed from the run file if the + import name is main. This name is used as a display name when + Flask needs the name of the application. It can be set and overridden + to change the value. + + .. versionadded:: 0.8 + """ + if self.import_name == '__main__': + fn = getattr(sys.modules['__main__'], '__file__', None) + if fn is None: + return '__main__' + return os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(fn))[0] + return self.import_name + + @property + def propagate_exceptions(self): + """Returns the value of the ``PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS`` configuration + value in case it's set, otherwise a sensible default is returned. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + rv = self.config['PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS'] + if rv is not None: + return rv + return self.testing or self.debug + + @property + def preserve_context_on_exception(self): + """Returns the value of the ``PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION`` + configuration value in case it's set, otherwise a sensible default + is returned. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + rv = self.config['PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION'] + if rv is not None: + return rv + return self.debug + + @locked_cached_property + def logger(self): + """The ``'flask.app'`` logger, a standard Python + :class:`~logging.Logger`. + + In debug mode, the logger's :attr:`~logging.Logger.level` will be set + to :data:`~logging.DEBUG`. + + If there are no handlers configured, a default handler will be added. + See :ref:`logging` for more information. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0 + Behavior was simplified. The logger is always named + ``flask.app``. The level is only set during configuration, it + doesn't check ``app.debug`` each time. Only one format is used, + not different ones depending on ``app.debug``. No handlers are + removed, and a handler is only added if no handlers are already + configured. + + .. versionadded:: 0.3 + """ + return create_logger(self) + + @locked_cached_property + def jinja_env(self): + """The Jinja2 environment used to load templates.""" + return self.create_jinja_environment() + + @property + def got_first_request(self): + """This attribute is set to ``True`` if the application started + handling the first request. + + .. versionadded:: 0.8 + """ + return self._got_first_request + + def make_config(self, instance_relative=False): + """Used to create the config attribute by the Flask constructor. + The `instance_relative` parameter is passed in from the constructor + of Flask (there named `instance_relative_config`) and indicates if + the config should be relative to the instance path or the root path + of the application. + + .. versionadded:: 0.8 + """ + root_path = self.root_path + if instance_relative: + root_path = self.instance_path + defaults = dict(self.default_config) + defaults['ENV'] = get_env() + defaults['DEBUG'] = get_debug_flag() + return self.config_class(root_path, defaults) + + def auto_find_instance_path(self): + """Tries to locate the instance path if it was not provided to the + constructor of the application class. It will basically calculate + the path to a folder named ``instance`` next to your main file or + the package. + + .. versionadded:: 0.8 + """ + prefix, package_path = find_package(self.import_name) + if prefix is None: + return os.path.join(package_path, 'instance') + return os.path.join(prefix, 'var', self.name + '-instance') + + def open_instance_resource(self, resource, mode='rb'): + """Opens a resource from the application's instance folder + (:attr:`instance_path`). Otherwise works like + :meth:`open_resource`. Instance resources can also be opened for + writing. + + :param resource: the name of the resource. To access resources within + subfolders use forward slashes as separator. + :param mode: resource file opening mode, default is 'rb'. + """ + return open(os.path.join(self.instance_path, resource), mode) + + def _get_templates_auto_reload(self): + """Reload templates when they are changed. Used by + :meth:`create_jinja_environment`. + + This attribute can be configured with :data:`TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD`. If + not set, it will be enabled in debug mode. + + .. versionadded:: 1.0 + This property was added but the underlying config and behavior + already existed. + """ + rv = self.config['TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD'] + return rv if rv is not None else self.debug + + def _set_templates_auto_reload(self, value): + self.config['TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD'] = value + + templates_auto_reload = property( + _get_templates_auto_reload, _set_templates_auto_reload + ) + del _get_templates_auto_reload, _set_templates_auto_reload + + def create_jinja_environment(self): + """Creates the Jinja2 environment based on :attr:`jinja_options` + and :meth:`select_jinja_autoescape`. Since 0.7 this also adds + the Jinja2 globals and filters after initialization. Override + this function to customize the behavior. + + .. versionadded:: 0.5 + .. versionchanged:: 0.11 + ``Environment.auto_reload`` set in accordance with + ``TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD`` configuration option. + """ + options = dict(self.jinja_options) + + if 'autoescape' not in options: + options['autoescape'] = self.select_jinja_autoescape + + if 'auto_reload' not in options: + options['auto_reload'] = self.templates_auto_reload + + rv = self.jinja_environment(self, **options) + rv.globals.update( + url_for=url_for, + get_flashed_messages=get_flashed_messages, + config=self.config, + # request, session and g are normally added with the + # context processor for efficiency reasons but for imported + # templates we also want the proxies in there. + request=request, + session=session, + g=g + ) + rv.filters['tojson'] = json.tojson_filter + return rv + + def create_global_jinja_loader(self): + """Creates the loader for the Jinja2 environment. Can be used to + override just the loader and keeping the rest unchanged. It's + discouraged to override this function. Instead one should override + the :meth:`jinja_loader` function instead. + + The global loader dispatches between the loaders of the application + and the individual blueprints. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + return DispatchingJinjaLoader(self) + + def select_jinja_autoescape(self, filename): + """Returns ``True`` if autoescaping should be active for the given + template name. If no template name is given, returns `True`. + + .. versionadded:: 0.5 + """ + if filename is None: + return True + return filename.endswith(('.html', '.htm', '.xml', '.xhtml')) + + def update_template_context(self, context): + """Update the template context with some commonly used variables. + This injects request, session, config and g into the template + context as well as everything template context processors want + to inject. Note that the as of Flask 0.6, the original values + in the context will not be overridden if a context processor + decides to return a value with the same key. + + :param context: the context as a dictionary that is updated in place + to add extra variables. + """ + funcs = self.template_context_processors[None] + reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top + if reqctx is not None: + bp = reqctx.request.blueprint + if bp is not None and bp in self.template_context_processors: + funcs = chain(funcs, self.template_context_processors[bp]) + orig_ctx = context.copy() + for func in funcs: + context.update(func()) + # make sure the original values win. This makes it possible to + # easier add new variables in context processors without breaking + # existing views. + context.update(orig_ctx) + + def make_shell_context(self): + """Returns the shell context for an interactive shell for this + application. This runs all the registered shell context + processors. + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + """ + rv = {'app': self, 'g': g} + for processor in self.shell_context_processors: + rv.update(processor()) + return rv + + #: What environment the app is running in. Flask and extensions may + #: enable behaviors based on the environment, such as enabling debug + #: mode. This maps to the :data:`ENV` config key. This is set by the + #: :envvar:`FLASK_ENV` environment variable and may not behave as + #: expected if set in code. + #: + #: **Do not enable development when deploying in production.** + #: + #: Default: ``'production'`` + env = ConfigAttribute('ENV') + + def _get_debug(self): + return self.config['DEBUG'] + + def _set_debug(self, value): + self.config['DEBUG'] = value + self.jinja_env.auto_reload = self.templates_auto_reload + + #: Whether debug mode is enabled. When using ``flask run`` to start + #: the development server, an interactive debugger will be shown for + #: unhandled exceptions, and the server will be reloaded when code + #: changes. This maps to the :data:`DEBUG` config key. This is + #: enabled when :attr:`env` is ``'development'`` and is overridden + #: by the ``FLASK_DEBUG`` environment variable. It may not behave as + #: expected if set in code. + #: + #: **Do not enable debug mode when deploying in production.** + #: + #: Default: ``True`` if :attr:`env` is ``'development'``, or + #: ``False`` otherwise. + debug = property(_get_debug, _set_debug) + del _get_debug, _set_debug + + def run(self, host=None, port=None, debug=None, + load_dotenv=True, **options): + """Runs the application on a local development server. + + Do not use ``run()`` in a production setting. It is not intended to + meet security and performance requirements for a production server. + Instead, see :ref:`deployment` for WSGI server recommendations. + + If the :attr:`debug` flag is set the server will automatically reload + for code changes and show a debugger in case an exception happened. + + If you want to run the application in debug mode, but disable the + code execution on the interactive debugger, you can pass + ``use_evalex=False`` as parameter. This will keep the debugger's + traceback screen active, but disable code execution. + + It is not recommended to use this function for development with + automatic reloading as this is badly supported. Instead you should + be using the :command:`flask` command line script's ``run`` support. + + .. admonition:: Keep in Mind + + Flask will suppress any server error with a generic error page + unless it is in debug mode. As such to enable just the + interactive debugger without the code reloading, you have to + invoke :meth:`run` with ``debug=True`` and ``use_reloader=False``. + Setting ``use_debugger`` to ``True`` without being in debug mode + won't catch any exceptions because there won't be any to + catch. + + :param host: the hostname to listen on. Set this to ``'0.0.0.0'`` to + have the server available externally as well. Defaults to + ``'127.0.0.1'`` or the host in the ``SERVER_NAME`` config variable + if present. + :param port: the port of the webserver. Defaults to ``5000`` or the + port defined in the ``SERVER_NAME`` config variable if present. + :param debug: if given, enable or disable debug mode. See + :attr:`debug`. + :param load_dotenv: Load the nearest :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv` + files to set environment variables. Will also change the working + directory to the directory containing the first file found. + :param options: the options to be forwarded to the underlying Werkzeug + server. See :func:`werkzeug.serving.run_simple` for more + information. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0 + If installed, python-dotenv will be used to load environment + variables from :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv` files. + + If set, the :envvar:`FLASK_ENV` and :envvar:`FLASK_DEBUG` + environment variables will override :attr:`env` and + :attr:`debug`. + + Threaded mode is enabled by default. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.10 + The default port is now picked from the ``SERVER_NAME`` + variable. + """ + # Change this into a no-op if the server is invoked from the + # command line. Have a look at cli.py for more information. + if os.environ.get('FLASK_RUN_FROM_CLI') == 'true': + from .debughelpers import explain_ignored_app_run + explain_ignored_app_run() + return + + if get_load_dotenv(load_dotenv): + cli.load_dotenv() + + # if set, let env vars override previous values + if 'FLASK_ENV' in os.environ: + self.env = get_env() + self.debug = get_debug_flag() + elif 'FLASK_DEBUG' in os.environ: + self.debug = get_debug_flag() + + # debug passed to method overrides all other sources + if debug is not None: + self.debug = bool(debug) + + _host = '127.0.0.1' + _port = 5000 + server_name = self.config.get('SERVER_NAME') + sn_host, sn_port = None, None + + if server_name: + sn_host, _, sn_port = server_name.partition(':') + + host = host or sn_host or _host + port = int(port or sn_port or _port) + + options.setdefault('use_reloader', self.debug) + options.setdefault('use_debugger', self.debug) + options.setdefault('threaded', True) + + cli.show_server_banner(self.env, self.debug, self.name, False) + + from werkzeug.serving import run_simple + + try: + run_simple(host, port, self, **options) + finally: + # reset the first request information if the development server + # reset normally. This makes it possible to restart the server + # without reloader and that stuff from an interactive shell. + self._got_first_request = False + + def test_client(self, use_cookies=True, **kwargs): + """Creates a test client for this application. For information + about unit testing head over to :ref:`testing`. + + Note that if you are testing for assertions or exceptions in your + application code, you must set ``app.testing = True`` in order for the + exceptions to propagate to the test client. Otherwise, the exception + will be handled by the application (not visible to the test client) and + the only indication of an AssertionError or other exception will be a + 500 status code response to the test client. See the :attr:`testing` + attribute. For example:: + + app.testing = True + client = app.test_client() + + The test client can be used in a ``with`` block to defer the closing down + of the context until the end of the ``with`` block. This is useful if + you want to access the context locals for testing:: + + with app.test_client() as c: + rv = c.get('/?vodka=42') + assert request.args['vodka'] == '42' + + Additionally, you may pass optional keyword arguments that will then + be passed to the application's :attr:`test_client_class` constructor. + For example:: + + from flask.testing import FlaskClient + + class CustomClient(FlaskClient): + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + self._authentication = kwargs.pop("authentication") + super(CustomClient,self).__init__( *args, **kwargs) + + app.test_client_class = CustomClient + client = app.test_client(authentication='Basic ....') + + See :class:`~flask.testing.FlaskClient` for more information. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.4 + added support for ``with`` block usage for the client. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + The `use_cookies` parameter was added as well as the ability + to override the client to be used by setting the + :attr:`test_client_class` attribute. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.11 + Added `**kwargs` to support passing additional keyword arguments to + the constructor of :attr:`test_client_class`. + """ + cls = self.test_client_class + if cls is None: + from flask.testing import FlaskClient as cls + return cls(self, self.response_class, use_cookies=use_cookies, **kwargs) + + def test_cli_runner(self, **kwargs): + """Create a CLI runner for testing CLI commands. + See :ref:`testing-cli`. + + Returns an instance of :attr:`test_cli_runner_class`, by default + :class:`~flask.testing.FlaskCliRunner`. The Flask app object is + passed as the first argument. + + .. versionadded:: 1.0 + """ + cls = self.test_cli_runner_class + + if cls is None: + from flask.testing import FlaskCliRunner as cls + + return cls(self, **kwargs) + + def open_session(self, request): + """Creates or opens a new session. Default implementation stores all + session data in a signed cookie. This requires that the + :attr:`secret_key` is set. Instead of overriding this method + we recommend replacing the :class:`session_interface`. + + .. deprecated: 1.0 + Will be removed in 1.1. Use ``session_interface.open_session`` + instead. + + :param request: an instance of :attr:`request_class`. + """ + + warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning( + '"open_session" is deprecated and will be removed in 1.1. Use' + ' "session_interface.open_session" instead.' + )) + return self.session_interface.open_session(self, request) + + def save_session(self, session, response): + """Saves the session if it needs updates. For the default + implementation, check :meth:`open_session`. Instead of overriding this + method we recommend replacing the :class:`session_interface`. + + .. deprecated: 1.0 + Will be removed in 1.1. Use ``session_interface.save_session`` + instead. + + :param session: the session to be saved (a + :class:`~werkzeug.contrib.securecookie.SecureCookie` + object) + :param response: an instance of :attr:`response_class` + """ + + warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning( + '"save_session" is deprecated and will be removed in 1.1. Use' + ' "session_interface.save_session" instead.' + )) + return self.session_interface.save_session(self, session, response) + + def make_null_session(self): + """Creates a new instance of a missing session. Instead of overriding + this method we recommend replacing the :class:`session_interface`. + + .. deprecated: 1.0 + Will be removed in 1.1. Use ``session_interface.make_null_session`` + instead. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + + warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning( + '"make_null_session" is deprecated and will be removed in 1.1. Use' + ' "session_interface.make_null_session" instead.' + )) + return self.session_interface.make_null_session(self) + + @setupmethod + def register_blueprint(self, blueprint, **options): + """Register a :class:`~flask.Blueprint` on the application. Keyword + arguments passed to this method will override the defaults set on the + blueprint. + + Calls the blueprint's :meth:`~flask.Blueprint.register` method after + recording the blueprint in the application's :attr:`blueprints`. + + :param blueprint: The blueprint to register. + :param url_prefix: Blueprint routes will be prefixed with this. + :param subdomain: Blueprint routes will match on this subdomain. + :param url_defaults: Blueprint routes will use these default values for + view arguments. + :param options: Additional keyword arguments are passed to + :class:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState`. They can be + accessed in :meth:`~flask.Blueprint.record` callbacks. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + first_registration = False + + if blueprint.name in self.blueprints: + assert self.blueprints[blueprint.name] is blueprint, ( + 'A name collision occurred between blueprints %r and %r. Both' + ' share the same name "%s". Blueprints that are created on the' + ' fly need unique names.' % ( + blueprint, self.blueprints[blueprint.name], blueprint.name + ) + ) + else: + self.blueprints[blueprint.name] = blueprint + self._blueprint_order.append(blueprint) + first_registration = True + + blueprint.register(self, options, first_registration) + + def iter_blueprints(self): + """Iterates over all blueprints by the order they were registered. + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + """ + return iter(self._blueprint_order) + + @setupmethod + def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, + provide_automatic_options=None, **options): + """Connects a URL rule. Works exactly like the :meth:`route` + decorator. If a view_func is provided it will be registered with the + endpoint. + + Basically this example:: + + @app.route('/') + def index(): + pass + + Is equivalent to the following:: + + def index(): + pass + app.add_url_rule('/', 'index', index) + + If the view_func is not provided you will need to connect the endpoint + to a view function like so:: + + app.view_functions['index'] = index + + Internally :meth:`route` invokes :meth:`add_url_rule` so if you want + to customize the behavior via subclassing you only need to change + this method. + + For more information refer to :ref:`url-route-registrations`. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.2 + `view_func` parameter added. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.6 + ``OPTIONS`` is added automatically as method. + + :param rule: the URL rule as string + :param endpoint: the endpoint for the registered URL rule. Flask + itself assumes the name of the view function as + endpoint + :param view_func: the function to call when serving a request to the + provided endpoint + :param provide_automatic_options: controls whether the ``OPTIONS`` + method should be added automatically. This can also be controlled + by setting the ``view_func.provide_automatic_options = False`` + before adding the rule. + :param options: the options to be forwarded to the underlying + :class:`~werkzeug.routing.Rule` object. A change + to Werkzeug is handling of method options. methods + is a list of methods this rule should be limited + to (``GET``, ``POST`` etc.). By default a rule + just listens for ``GET`` (and implicitly ``HEAD``). + Starting with Flask 0.6, ``OPTIONS`` is implicitly + added and handled by the standard request handling. + """ + if endpoint is None: + endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func) + options['endpoint'] = endpoint + methods = options.pop('methods', None) + + # if the methods are not given and the view_func object knows its + # methods we can use that instead. If neither exists, we go with + # a tuple of only ``GET`` as default. + if methods is None: + methods = getattr(view_func, 'methods', None) or ('GET',) + if isinstance(methods, string_types): + raise TypeError('Allowed methods have to be iterables of strings, ' + 'for example: @app.route(..., methods=["POST"])') + methods = set(item.upper() for item in methods) + + # Methods that should always be added + required_methods = set(getattr(view_func, 'required_methods', ())) + + # starting with Flask 0.8 the view_func object can disable and + # force-enable the automatic options handling. + if provide_automatic_options is None: + provide_automatic_options = getattr(view_func, + 'provide_automatic_options', None) + + if provide_automatic_options is None: + if 'OPTIONS' not in methods: + provide_automatic_options = True + required_methods.add('OPTIONS') + else: + provide_automatic_options = False + + # Add the required methods now. + methods |= required_methods + + rule = self.url_rule_class(rule, methods=methods, **options) + rule.provide_automatic_options = provide_automatic_options + + self.url_map.add(rule) + if view_func is not None: + old_func = self.view_functions.get(endpoint) + if old_func is not None and old_func != view_func: + raise AssertionError('View function mapping is overwriting an ' + 'existing endpoint function: %s' % endpoint) + self.view_functions[endpoint] = view_func + + def route(self, rule, **options): + """A decorator that is used to register a view function for a + given URL rule. This does the same thing as :meth:`add_url_rule` + but is intended for decorator usage:: + + @app.route('/') + def index(): + return 'Hello World' + + For more information refer to :ref:`url-route-registrations`. + + :param rule: the URL rule as string + :param endpoint: the endpoint for the registered URL rule. Flask + itself assumes the name of the view function as + endpoint + :param options: the options to be forwarded to the underlying + :class:`~werkzeug.routing.Rule` object. A change + to Werkzeug is handling of method options. methods + is a list of methods this rule should be limited + to (``GET``, ``POST`` etc.). By default a rule + just listens for ``GET`` (and implicitly ``HEAD``). + Starting with Flask 0.6, ``OPTIONS`` is implicitly + added and handled by the standard request handling. + """ + def decorator(f): + endpoint = options.pop('endpoint', None) + self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options) + return f + return decorator + + @setupmethod + def endpoint(self, endpoint): + """A decorator to register a function as an endpoint. + Example:: + + @app.endpoint('example.endpoint') + def example(): + return "example" + + :param endpoint: the name of the endpoint + """ + def decorator(f): + self.view_functions[endpoint] = f + return f + return decorator + + @staticmethod + def _get_exc_class_and_code(exc_class_or_code): + """Ensure that we register only exceptions as handler keys""" + if isinstance(exc_class_or_code, integer_types): + exc_class = default_exceptions[exc_class_or_code] + else: + exc_class = exc_class_or_code + + assert issubclass(exc_class, Exception) + + if issubclass(exc_class, HTTPException): + return exc_class, exc_class.code + else: + return exc_class, None + + @setupmethod + def errorhandler(self, code_or_exception): + """Register a function to handle errors by code or exception class. + + A decorator that is used to register a function given an + error code. Example:: + + @app.errorhandler(404) + def page_not_found(error): + return 'This page does not exist', 404 + + You can also register handlers for arbitrary exceptions:: + + @app.errorhandler(DatabaseError) + def special_exception_handler(error): + return 'Database connection failed', 500 + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + Use :meth:`register_error_handler` instead of modifying + :attr:`error_handler_spec` directly, for application wide error + handlers. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + One can now additionally also register custom exception types + that do not necessarily have to be a subclass of the + :class:`~werkzeug.exceptions.HTTPException` class. + + :param code_or_exception: the code as integer for the handler, or + an arbitrary exception + """ + def decorator(f): + self._register_error_handler(None, code_or_exception, f) + return f + return decorator + + @setupmethod + def register_error_handler(self, code_or_exception, f): + """Alternative error attach function to the :meth:`errorhandler` + decorator that is more straightforward to use for non decorator + usage. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + self._register_error_handler(None, code_or_exception, f) + + @setupmethod + def _register_error_handler(self, key, code_or_exception, f): + """ + :type key: None|str + :type code_or_exception: int|T<=Exception + :type f: callable + """ + if isinstance(code_or_exception, HTTPException): # old broken behavior + raise ValueError( + 'Tried to register a handler for an exception instance {0!r}.' + ' Handlers can only be registered for exception classes or' + ' HTTP error codes.'.format(code_or_exception) + ) + + try: + exc_class, code = self._get_exc_class_and_code(code_or_exception) + except KeyError: + raise KeyError( + "'{0}' is not a recognized HTTP error code. Use a subclass of" + " HTTPException with that code instead.".format(code_or_exception) + ) + + handlers = self.error_handler_spec.setdefault(key, {}).setdefault(code, {}) + handlers[exc_class] = f + + @setupmethod + def template_filter(self, name=None): + """A decorator that is used to register custom template filter. + You can specify a name for the filter, otherwise the function + name will be used. Example:: + + @app.template_filter() + def reverse(s): + return s[::-1] + + :param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + def decorator(f): + self.add_template_filter(f, name=name) + return f + return decorator + + @setupmethod + def add_template_filter(self, f, name=None): + """Register a custom template filter. Works exactly like the + :meth:`template_filter` decorator. + + :param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + self.jinja_env.filters[name or f.__name__] = f + + @setupmethod + def template_test(self, name=None): + """A decorator that is used to register custom template test. + You can specify a name for the test, otherwise the function + name will be used. Example:: + + @app.template_test() + def is_prime(n): + if n == 2: + return True + for i in range(2, int(math.ceil(math.sqrt(n))) + 1): + if n % i == 0: + return False + return True + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + + :param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + def decorator(f): + self.add_template_test(f, name=name) + return f + return decorator + + @setupmethod + def add_template_test(self, f, name=None): + """Register a custom template test. Works exactly like the + :meth:`template_test` decorator. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + + :param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + self.jinja_env.tests[name or f.__name__] = f + + @setupmethod + def template_global(self, name=None): + """A decorator that is used to register a custom template global function. + You can specify a name for the global function, otherwise the function + name will be used. Example:: + + @app.template_global() + def double(n): + return 2 * n + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + + :param name: the optional name of the global function, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + def decorator(f): + self.add_template_global(f, name=name) + return f + return decorator + + @setupmethod + def add_template_global(self, f, name=None): + """Register a custom template global function. Works exactly like the + :meth:`template_global` decorator. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + + :param name: the optional name of the global function, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + self.jinja_env.globals[name or f.__name__] = f + + @setupmethod + def before_request(self, f): + """Registers a function to run before each request. + + For example, this can be used to open a database connection, or to load + the logged in user from the session. + + The function will be called without any arguments. If it returns a + non-None value, the value is handled as if it was the return value from + the view, and further request handling is stopped. + """ + self.before_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f) + return f + + @setupmethod + def before_first_request(self, f): + """Registers a function to be run before the first request to this + instance of the application. + + The function will be called without any arguments and its return + value is ignored. + + .. versionadded:: 0.8 + """ + self.before_first_request_funcs.append(f) + return f + + @setupmethod + def after_request(self, f): + """Register a function to be run after each request. + + Your function must take one parameter, an instance of + :attr:`response_class` and return a new response object or the + same (see :meth:`process_response`). + + As of Flask 0.7 this function might not be executed at the end of the + request in case an unhandled exception occurred. + """ + self.after_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f) + return f + + @setupmethod + def teardown_request(self, f): + """Register a function to be run at the end of each request, + regardless of whether there was an exception or not. These functions + are executed when the request context is popped, even if not an + actual request was performed. + + Example:: + + ctx = app.test_request_context() + ctx.push() + ... + ctx.pop() + + When ``ctx.pop()`` is executed in the above example, the teardown + functions are called just before the request context moves from the + stack of active contexts. This becomes relevant if you are using + such constructs in tests. + + Generally teardown functions must take every necessary step to avoid + that they will fail. If they do execute code that might fail they + will have to surround the execution of these code by try/except + statements and log occurring errors. + + When a teardown function was called because of an exception it will + be passed an error object. + + The return values of teardown functions are ignored. + + .. admonition:: Debug Note + + In debug mode Flask will not tear down a request on an exception + immediately. Instead it will keep it alive so that the interactive + debugger can still access it. This behavior can be controlled + by the ``PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION`` configuration variable. + """ + self.teardown_request_funcs.setdefault(None, []).append(f) + return f + + @setupmethod + def teardown_appcontext(self, f): + """Registers a function to be called when the application context + ends. These functions are typically also called when the request + context is popped. + + Example:: + + ctx = app.app_context() + ctx.push() + ... + ctx.pop() + + When ``ctx.pop()`` is executed in the above example, the teardown + functions are called just before the app context moves from the + stack of active contexts. This becomes relevant if you are using + such constructs in tests. + + Since a request context typically also manages an application + context it would also be called when you pop a request context. + + When a teardown function was called because of an unhandled exception + it will be passed an error object. If an :meth:`errorhandler` is + registered, it will handle the exception and the teardown will not + receive it. + + The return values of teardown functions are ignored. + + .. versionadded:: 0.9 + """ + self.teardown_appcontext_funcs.append(f) + return f + + @setupmethod + def context_processor(self, f): + """Registers a template context processor function.""" + self.template_context_processors[None].append(f) + return f + + @setupmethod + def shell_context_processor(self, f): + """Registers a shell context processor function. + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + """ + self.shell_context_processors.append(f) + return f + + @setupmethod + def url_value_preprocessor(self, f): + """Register a URL value preprocessor function for all view + functions in the application. These functions will be called before the + :meth:`before_request` functions. + + The function can modify the values captured from the matched url before + they are passed to the view. For example, this can be used to pop a + common language code value and place it in ``g`` rather than pass it to + every view. + + The function is passed the endpoint name and values dict. The return + value is ignored. + """ + self.url_value_preprocessors.setdefault(None, []).append(f) + return f + + @setupmethod + def url_defaults(self, f): + """Callback function for URL defaults for all view functions of the + application. It's called with the endpoint and values and should + update the values passed in place. + """ + self.url_default_functions.setdefault(None, []).append(f) + return f + + def _find_error_handler(self, e): + """Return a registered error handler for an exception in this order: + blueprint handler for a specific code, app handler for a specific code, + blueprint handler for an exception class, app handler for an exception + class, or ``None`` if a suitable handler is not found. + """ + exc_class, code = self._get_exc_class_and_code(type(e)) + + for name, c in ( + (request.blueprint, code), (None, code), + (request.blueprint, None), (None, None) + ): + handler_map = self.error_handler_spec.setdefault(name, {}).get(c) + + if not handler_map: + continue + + for cls in exc_class.__mro__: + handler = handler_map.get(cls) + + if handler is not None: + return handler + + def handle_http_exception(self, e): + """Handles an HTTP exception. By default this will invoke the + registered error handlers and fall back to returning the + exception as response. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3 + ``RoutingException``, used internally for actions such as + slash redirects during routing, is not passed to error + handlers. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0 + Exceptions are looked up by code *and* by MRO, so + ``HTTPExcpetion`` subclasses can be handled with a catch-all + handler for the base ``HTTPException``. + + .. versionadded:: 0.3 + """ + # Proxy exceptions don't have error codes. We want to always return + # those unchanged as errors + if e.code is None: + return e + + # RoutingExceptions are used internally to trigger routing + # actions, such as slash redirects raising RequestRedirect. They + # are not raised or handled in user code. + if isinstance(e, RoutingException): + return e + + handler = self._find_error_handler(e) + if handler is None: + return e + return handler(e) + + def trap_http_exception(self, e): + """Checks if an HTTP exception should be trapped or not. By default + this will return ``False`` for all exceptions except for a bad request + key error if ``TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS`` is set to ``True``. It + also returns ``True`` if ``TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS`` is set to ``True``. + + This is called for all HTTP exceptions raised by a view function. + If it returns ``True`` for any exception the error handler for this + exception is not called and it shows up as regular exception in the + traceback. This is helpful for debugging implicitly raised HTTP + exceptions. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0 + Bad request errors are not trapped by default in debug mode. + + .. versionadded:: 0.8 + """ + if self.config['TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS']: + return True + + trap_bad_request = self.config['TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS'] + + # if unset, trap key errors in debug mode + if ( + trap_bad_request is None and self.debug + and isinstance(e, BadRequestKeyError) + ): + return True + + if trap_bad_request: + return isinstance(e, BadRequest) + + return False + + def handle_user_exception(self, e): + """This method is called whenever an exception occurs that + should be handled. A special case is :class:`~werkzeug + .exceptions.HTTPException` which is forwarded to the + :meth:`handle_http_exception` method. This function will either + return a response value or reraise the exception with the same + traceback. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0 + Key errors raised from request data like ``form`` show the + bad key in debug mode rather than a generic bad request + message. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info() + assert exc_value is e + # ensure not to trash sys.exc_info() at that point in case someone + # wants the traceback preserved in handle_http_exception. Of course + # we cannot prevent users from trashing it themselves in a custom + # trap_http_exception method so that's their fault then. + + if isinstance(e, BadRequestKeyError): + if self.debug or self.config["TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS"]: + # Werkzeug < 0.15 doesn't add the KeyError to the 400 + # message, add it in manually. + description = e.get_description() + + if e.args[0] not in description: + e.description = "KeyError: '{}'".format(*e.args) + else: + # Werkzeug >= 0.15 does add it, remove it in production + e.args = () + + if isinstance(e, HTTPException) and not self.trap_http_exception(e): + return self.handle_http_exception(e) + + handler = self._find_error_handler(e) + + if handler is None: + reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) + return handler(e) + + def handle_exception(self, e): + """Default exception handling that kicks in when an exception + occurs that is not caught. In debug mode the exception will + be re-raised immediately, otherwise it is logged and the handler + for a 500 internal server error is used. If no such handler + exists, a default 500 internal server error message is displayed. + + .. versionadded:: 0.3 + """ + exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info() + + got_request_exception.send(self, exception=e) + handler = self._find_error_handler(InternalServerError()) + + if self.propagate_exceptions: + # if we want to repropagate the exception, we can attempt to + # raise it with the whole traceback in case we can do that + # (the function was actually called from the except part) + # otherwise, we just raise the error again + if exc_value is e: + reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) + else: + raise e + + self.log_exception((exc_type, exc_value, tb)) + if handler is None: + return InternalServerError() + return self.finalize_request(handler(e), from_error_handler=True) + + def log_exception(self, exc_info): + """Logs an exception. This is called by :meth:`handle_exception` + if debugging is disabled and right before the handler is called. + The default implementation logs the exception as error on the + :attr:`logger`. + + .. versionadded:: 0.8 + """ + self.logger.error('Exception on %s [%s]' % ( + request.path, + request.method + ), exc_info=exc_info) + + def raise_routing_exception(self, request): + """Exceptions that are recording during routing are reraised with + this method. During debug we are not reraising redirect requests + for non ``GET``, ``HEAD``, or ``OPTIONS`` requests and we're raising + a different error instead to help debug situations. + + :internal: + """ + if not self.debug \ + or not isinstance(request.routing_exception, RequestRedirect) \ + or request.method in ('GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS'): + raise request.routing_exception + + from .debughelpers import FormDataRoutingRedirect + raise FormDataRoutingRedirect(request) + + def dispatch_request(self): + """Does the request dispatching. Matches the URL and returns the + return value of the view or error handler. This does not have to + be a response object. In order to convert the return value to a + proper response object, call :func:`make_response`. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.7 + This no longer does the exception handling, this code was + moved to the new :meth:`full_dispatch_request`. + """ + req = _request_ctx_stack.top.request + if req.routing_exception is not None: + self.raise_routing_exception(req) + rule = req.url_rule + # if we provide automatic options for this URL and the + # request came with the OPTIONS method, reply automatically + if getattr(rule, 'provide_automatic_options', False) \ + and req.method == 'OPTIONS': + return self.make_default_options_response() + # otherwise dispatch to the handler for that endpoint + return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args) + + def full_dispatch_request(self): + """Dispatches the request and on top of that performs request + pre and postprocessing as well as HTTP exception catching and + error handling. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + self.try_trigger_before_first_request_functions() + try: + request_started.send(self) + rv = self.preprocess_request() + if rv is None: + rv = self.dispatch_request() + except Exception as e: + rv = self.handle_user_exception(e) + return self.finalize_request(rv) + + def finalize_request(self, rv, from_error_handler=False): + """Given the return value from a view function this finalizes + the request by converting it into a response and invoking the + postprocessing functions. This is invoked for both normal + request dispatching as well as error handlers. + + Because this means that it might be called as a result of a + failure a special safe mode is available which can be enabled + with the `from_error_handler` flag. If enabled, failures in + response processing will be logged and otherwise ignored. + + :internal: + """ + response = self.make_response(rv) + try: + response = self.process_response(response) + request_finished.send(self, response=response) + except Exception: + if not from_error_handler: + raise + self.logger.exception('Request finalizing failed with an ' + 'error while handling an error') + return response + + def try_trigger_before_first_request_functions(self): + """Called before each request and will ensure that it triggers + the :attr:`before_first_request_funcs` and only exactly once per + application instance (which means process usually). + + :internal: + """ + if self._got_first_request: + return + with self._before_request_lock: + if self._got_first_request: + return + for func in self.before_first_request_funcs: + func() + self._got_first_request = True + + def make_default_options_response(self): + """This method is called to create the default ``OPTIONS`` response. + This can be changed through subclassing to change the default + behavior of ``OPTIONS`` responses. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + adapter = _request_ctx_stack.top.url_adapter + if hasattr(adapter, 'allowed_methods'): + methods = adapter.allowed_methods() + else: + # fallback for Werkzeug < 0.7 + methods = [] + try: + adapter.match(method='--') + except MethodNotAllowed as e: + methods = e.valid_methods + except HTTPException as e: + pass + rv = self.response_class() + rv.allow.update(methods) + return rv + + def should_ignore_error(self, error): + """This is called to figure out if an error should be ignored + or not as far as the teardown system is concerned. If this + function returns ``True`` then the teardown handlers will not be + passed the error. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + """ + return False + + def make_response(self, rv): + """Convert the return value from a view function to an instance of + :attr:`response_class`. + + :param rv: the return value from the view function. The view function + must return a response. Returning ``None``, or the view ending + without returning, is not allowed. The following types are allowed + for ``view_rv``: + + ``str`` (``unicode`` in Python 2) + A response object is created with the string encoded to UTF-8 + as the body. + + ``bytes`` (``str`` in Python 2) + A response object is created with the bytes as the body. + + ``tuple`` + Either ``(body, status, headers)``, ``(body, status)``, or + ``(body, headers)``, where ``body`` is any of the other types + allowed here, ``status`` is a string or an integer, and + ``headers`` is a dictionary or a list of ``(key, value)`` + tuples. If ``body`` is a :attr:`response_class` instance, + ``status`` overwrites the exiting value and ``headers`` are + extended. + + :attr:`response_class` + The object is returned unchanged. + + other :class:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response` class + The object is coerced to :attr:`response_class`. + + :func:`callable` + The function is called as a WSGI application. The result is + used to create a response object. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.9 + Previously a tuple was interpreted as the arguments for the + response object. + """ + + status = headers = None + + # unpack tuple returns + if isinstance(rv, tuple): + len_rv = len(rv) + + # a 3-tuple is unpacked directly + if len_rv == 3: + rv, status, headers = rv + # decide if a 2-tuple has status or headers + elif len_rv == 2: + if isinstance(rv[1], (Headers, dict, tuple, list)): + rv, headers = rv + else: + rv, status = rv + # other sized tuples are not allowed + else: + raise TypeError( + 'The view function did not return a valid response tuple.' + ' The tuple must have the form (body, status, headers),' + ' (body, status), or (body, headers).' + ) + + # the body must not be None + if rv is None: + raise TypeError( + 'The view function did not return a valid response. The' + ' function either returned None or ended without a return' + ' statement.' + ) + + # make sure the body is an instance of the response class + if not isinstance(rv, self.response_class): + if isinstance(rv, (text_type, bytes, bytearray)): + # let the response class set the status and headers instead of + # waiting to do it manually, so that the class can handle any + # special logic + rv = self.response_class(rv, status=status, headers=headers) + status = headers = None + else: + # evaluate a WSGI callable, or coerce a different response + # class to the correct type + try: + rv = self.response_class.force_type(rv, request.environ) + except TypeError as e: + new_error = TypeError( + '{e}\nThe view function did not return a valid' + ' response. The return type must be a string, tuple,' + ' Response instance, or WSGI callable, but it was a' + ' {rv.__class__.__name__}.'.format(e=e, rv=rv) + ) + reraise(TypeError, new_error, sys.exc_info()[2]) + + # prefer the status if it was provided + if status is not None: + if isinstance(status, (text_type, bytes, bytearray)): + rv.status = status + else: + rv.status_code = status + + # extend existing headers with provided headers + if headers: + rv.headers.extend(headers) + + return rv + + def create_url_adapter(self, request): + """Creates a URL adapter for the given request. The URL adapter + is created at a point where the request context is not yet set + up so the request is passed explicitly. + + .. versionadded:: 0.6 + + .. versionchanged:: 0.9 + This can now also be called without a request object when the + URL adapter is created for the application context. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0 + :data:`SERVER_NAME` no longer implicitly enables subdomain + matching. Use :attr:`subdomain_matching` instead. + """ + if request is not None: + # If subdomain matching is disabled (the default), use the + # default subdomain in all cases. This should be the default + # in Werkzeug but it currently does not have that feature. + subdomain = ((self.url_map.default_subdomain or None) + if not self.subdomain_matching else None) + return self.url_map.bind_to_environ( + request.environ, + server_name=self.config['SERVER_NAME'], + subdomain=subdomain) + # We need at the very least the server name to be set for this + # to work. + if self.config['SERVER_NAME'] is not None: + return self.url_map.bind( + self.config['SERVER_NAME'], + script_name=self.config['APPLICATION_ROOT'], + url_scheme=self.config['PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME']) + + def inject_url_defaults(self, endpoint, values): + """Injects the URL defaults for the given endpoint directly into + the values dictionary passed. This is used internally and + automatically called on URL building. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + funcs = self.url_default_functions.get(None, ()) + if '.' in endpoint: + bp = endpoint.rsplit('.', 1)[0] + funcs = chain(funcs, self.url_default_functions.get(bp, ())) + for func in funcs: + func(endpoint, values) + + def handle_url_build_error(self, error, endpoint, values): + """Handle :class:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError` on :meth:`url_for`. + """ + exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info() + for handler in self.url_build_error_handlers: + try: + rv = handler(error, endpoint, values) + if rv is not None: + return rv + except BuildError as e: + # make error available outside except block (py3) + error = e + + # At this point we want to reraise the exception. If the error is + # still the same one we can reraise it with the original traceback, + # otherwise we raise it from here. + if error is exc_value: + reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) + raise error + + def preprocess_request(self): + """Called before the request is dispatched. Calls + :attr:`url_value_preprocessors` registered with the app and the + current blueprint (if any). Then calls :attr:`before_request_funcs` + registered with the app and the blueprint. + + If any :meth:`before_request` handler returns a non-None value, the + value is handled as if it was the return value from the view, and + further request handling is stopped. + """ + + bp = _request_ctx_stack.top.request.blueprint + + funcs = self.url_value_preprocessors.get(None, ()) + if bp is not None and bp in self.url_value_preprocessors: + funcs = chain(funcs, self.url_value_preprocessors[bp]) + for func in funcs: + func(request.endpoint, request.view_args) + + funcs = self.before_request_funcs.get(None, ()) + if bp is not None and bp in self.before_request_funcs: + funcs = chain(funcs, self.before_request_funcs[bp]) + for func in funcs: + rv = func() + if rv is not None: + return rv + + def process_response(self, response): + """Can be overridden in order to modify the response object + before it's sent to the WSGI server. By default this will + call all the :meth:`after_request` decorated functions. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.5 + As of Flask 0.5 the functions registered for after request + execution are called in reverse order of registration. + + :param response: a :attr:`response_class` object. + :return: a new response object or the same, has to be an + instance of :attr:`response_class`. + """ + ctx = _request_ctx_stack.top + bp = ctx.request.blueprint + funcs = ctx._after_request_functions + if bp is not None and bp in self.after_request_funcs: + funcs = chain(funcs, reversed(self.after_request_funcs[bp])) + if None in self.after_request_funcs: + funcs = chain(funcs, reversed(self.after_request_funcs[None])) + for handler in funcs: + response = handler(response) + if not self.session_interface.is_null_session(ctx.session): + self.session_interface.save_session(self, ctx.session, response) + return response + + def do_teardown_request(self, exc=_sentinel): + """Called after the request is dispatched and the response is + returned, right before the request context is popped. + + This calls all functions decorated with + :meth:`teardown_request`, and :meth:`Blueprint.teardown_request` + if a blueprint handled the request. Finally, the + :data:`request_tearing_down` signal is sent. + + This is called by + :meth:`RequestContext.pop() `, + which may be delayed during testing to maintain access to + resources. + + :param exc: An unhandled exception raised while dispatching the + request. Detected from the current exception information if + not passed. Passed to each teardown function. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.9 + Added the ``exc`` argument. + """ + if exc is _sentinel: + exc = sys.exc_info()[1] + funcs = reversed(self.teardown_request_funcs.get(None, ())) + bp = _request_ctx_stack.top.request.blueprint + if bp is not None and bp in self.teardown_request_funcs: + funcs = chain(funcs, reversed(self.teardown_request_funcs[bp])) + for func in funcs: + func(exc) + request_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc) + + def do_teardown_appcontext(self, exc=_sentinel): + """Called right before the application context is popped. + + When handling a request, the application context is popped + after the request context. See :meth:`do_teardown_request`. + + This calls all functions decorated with + :meth:`teardown_appcontext`. Then the + :data:`appcontext_tearing_down` signal is sent. + + This is called by + :meth:`AppContext.pop() `. + + .. versionadded:: 0.9 + """ + if exc is _sentinel: + exc = sys.exc_info()[1] + for func in reversed(self.teardown_appcontext_funcs): + func(exc) + appcontext_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc) + + def app_context(self): + """Create an :class:`~flask.ctx.AppContext`. Use as a ``with`` + block to push the context, which will make :data:`current_app` + point at this application. + + An application context is automatically pushed by + :meth:`RequestContext.push() ` + when handling a request, and when running a CLI command. Use + this to manually create a context outside of these situations. + + :: + + with app.app_context(): + init_db() + + See :doc:`/appcontext`. + + .. versionadded:: 0.9 + """ + return AppContext(self) + + def request_context(self, environ): + """Create a :class:`~flask.ctx.RequestContext` representing a + WSGI environment. Use a ``with`` block to push the context, + which will make :data:`request` point at this request. + + See :doc:`/reqcontext`. + + Typically you should not call this from your own code. A request + context is automatically pushed by the :meth:`wsgi_app` when + handling a request. Use :meth:`test_request_context` to create + an environment and context instead of this method. + + :param environ: a WSGI environment + """ + return RequestContext(self, environ) + + def test_request_context(self, *args, **kwargs): + """Create a :class:`~flask.ctx.RequestContext` for a WSGI + environment created from the given values. This is mostly useful + during testing, where you may want to run a function that uses + request data without dispatching a full request. + + See :doc:`/reqcontext`. + + Use a ``with`` block to push the context, which will make + :data:`request` point at the request for the created + environment. :: + + with test_request_context(...): + generate_report() + + When using the shell, it may be easier to push and pop the + context manually to avoid indentation. :: + + ctx = app.test_request_context(...) + ctx.push() + ... + ctx.pop() + + Takes the same arguments as Werkzeug's + :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`, with some defaults from + the application. See the linked Werkzeug docs for most of the + available arguments. Flask-specific behavior is listed here. + + :param path: URL path being requested. + :param base_url: Base URL where the app is being served, which + ``path`` is relative to. If not given, built from + :data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`, ``subdomain``, + :data:`SERVER_NAME`, and :data:`APPLICATION_ROOT`. + :param subdomain: Subdomain name to append to + :data:`SERVER_NAME`. + :param url_scheme: Scheme to use instead of + :data:`PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`. + :param data: The request body, either as a string or a dict of + form keys and values. + :param json: If given, this is serialized as JSON and passed as + ``data``. Also defaults ``content_type`` to + ``application/json``. + :param args: other positional arguments passed to + :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`. + :param kwargs: other keyword arguments passed to + :class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`. + """ + from flask.testing import make_test_environ_builder + + builder = make_test_environ_builder(self, *args, **kwargs) + + try: + return self.request_context(builder.get_environ()) + finally: + builder.close() + + def wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response): + """The actual WSGI application. This is not implemented in + :meth:`__call__` so that middlewares can be applied without + losing a reference to the app object. Instead of doing this:: + + app = MyMiddleware(app) + + It's a better idea to do this instead:: + + app.wsgi_app = MyMiddleware(app.wsgi_app) + + Then you still have the original application object around and + can continue to call methods on it. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.7 + Teardown events for the request and app contexts are called + even if an unhandled error occurs. Other events may not be + called depending on when an error occurs during dispatch. + See :ref:`callbacks-and-errors`. + + :param environ: A WSGI environment. + :param start_response: A callable accepting a status code, + a list of headers, and an optional exception context to + start the response. + """ + ctx = self.request_context(environ) + error = None + try: + try: + ctx.push() + response = self.full_dispatch_request() + except Exception as e: + error = e + response = self.handle_exception(e) + except: + error = sys.exc_info()[1] + raise + return response(environ, start_response) + finally: + if self.should_ignore_error(error): + error = None + ctx.auto_pop(error) + + def __call__(self, environ, start_response): + """The WSGI server calls the Flask application object as the + WSGI application. This calls :meth:`wsgi_app` which can be + wrapped to applying middleware.""" + return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response) + + def __repr__(self): + return '<%s %r>' % ( + self.__class__.__name__, + self.name, + ) diff --git a/python/flask/blueprints.py b/python/flask/blueprints.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2158fe --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/blueprints.py @@ -0,0 +1,447 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask.blueprints + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Blueprints are the recommended way to implement larger or more + pluggable applications in Flask 0.7 and later. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" +from functools import update_wrapper + +from .helpers import _PackageBoundObject, _endpoint_from_view_func + + +class BlueprintSetupState(object): + """Temporary holder object for registering a blueprint with the + application. An instance of this class is created by the + :meth:`~flask.Blueprint.make_setup_state` method and later passed + to all register callback functions. + """ + + def __init__(self, blueprint, app, options, first_registration): + #: a reference to the current application + self.app = app + + #: a reference to the blueprint that created this setup state. + self.blueprint = blueprint + + #: a dictionary with all options that were passed to the + #: :meth:`~flask.Flask.register_blueprint` method. + self.options = options + + #: as blueprints can be registered multiple times with the + #: application and not everything wants to be registered + #: multiple times on it, this attribute can be used to figure + #: out if the blueprint was registered in the past already. + self.first_registration = first_registration + + subdomain = self.options.get('subdomain') + if subdomain is None: + subdomain = self.blueprint.subdomain + + #: The subdomain that the blueprint should be active for, ``None`` + #: otherwise. + self.subdomain = subdomain + + url_prefix = self.options.get('url_prefix') + if url_prefix is None: + url_prefix = self.blueprint.url_prefix + #: The prefix that should be used for all URLs defined on the + #: blueprint. + self.url_prefix = url_prefix + + #: A dictionary with URL defaults that is added to each and every + #: URL that was defined with the blueprint. + self.url_defaults = dict(self.blueprint.url_values_defaults) + self.url_defaults.update(self.options.get('url_defaults', ())) + + def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options): + """A helper method to register a rule (and optionally a view function) + to the application. The endpoint is automatically prefixed with the + blueprint's name. + """ + if self.url_prefix is not None: + if rule: + rule = '/'.join(( + self.url_prefix.rstrip('/'), rule.lstrip('/'))) + else: + rule = self.url_prefix + options.setdefault('subdomain', self.subdomain) + if endpoint is None: + endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func) + defaults = self.url_defaults + if 'defaults' in options: + defaults = dict(defaults, **options.pop('defaults')) + self.app.add_url_rule(rule, '%s.%s' % (self.blueprint.name, endpoint), + view_func, defaults=defaults, **options) + + +class Blueprint(_PackageBoundObject): + """Represents a blueprint. A blueprint is an object that records + functions that will be called with the + :class:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState` later to register functions + or other things on the main application. See :ref:`blueprints` for more + information. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + + warn_on_modifications = False + _got_registered_once = False + + #: Blueprint local JSON decoder class to use. + #: Set to ``None`` to use the app's :class:`~flask.app.Flask.json_encoder`. + json_encoder = None + #: Blueprint local JSON decoder class to use. + #: Set to ``None`` to use the app's :class:`~flask.app.Flask.json_decoder`. + json_decoder = None + + # TODO remove the next three attrs when Sphinx :inherited-members: works + # https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/741 + + #: The name of the package or module that this app belongs to. Do not + #: change this once it is set by the constructor. + import_name = None + + #: Location of the template files to be added to the template lookup. + #: ``None`` if templates should not be added. + template_folder = None + + #: Absolute path to the package on the filesystem. Used to look up + #: resources contained in the package. + root_path = None + + def __init__(self, name, import_name, static_folder=None, + static_url_path=None, template_folder=None, + url_prefix=None, subdomain=None, url_defaults=None, + root_path=None): + _PackageBoundObject.__init__(self, import_name, template_folder, + root_path=root_path) + self.name = name + self.url_prefix = url_prefix + self.subdomain = subdomain + self.static_folder = static_folder + self.static_url_path = static_url_path + self.deferred_functions = [] + if url_defaults is None: + url_defaults = {} + self.url_values_defaults = url_defaults + + def record(self, func): + """Registers a function that is called when the blueprint is + registered on the application. This function is called with the + state as argument as returned by the :meth:`make_setup_state` + method. + """ + if self._got_registered_once and self.warn_on_modifications: + from warnings import warn + warn(Warning('The blueprint was already registered once ' + 'but is getting modified now. These changes ' + 'will not show up.')) + self.deferred_functions.append(func) + + def record_once(self, func): + """Works like :meth:`record` but wraps the function in another + function that will ensure the function is only called once. If the + blueprint is registered a second time on the application, the + function passed is not called. + """ + def wrapper(state): + if state.first_registration: + func(state) + return self.record(update_wrapper(wrapper, func)) + + def make_setup_state(self, app, options, first_registration=False): + """Creates an instance of :meth:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState` + object that is later passed to the register callback functions. + Subclasses can override this to return a subclass of the setup state. + """ + return BlueprintSetupState(self, app, options, first_registration) + + def register(self, app, options, first_registration=False): + """Called by :meth:`Flask.register_blueprint` to register all views + and callbacks registered on the blueprint with the application. Creates + a :class:`.BlueprintSetupState` and calls each :meth:`record` callback + with it. + + :param app: The application this blueprint is being registered with. + :param options: Keyword arguments forwarded from + :meth:`~Flask.register_blueprint`. + :param first_registration: Whether this is the first time this + blueprint has been registered on the application. + """ + self._got_registered_once = True + state = self.make_setup_state(app, options, first_registration) + + if self.has_static_folder: + state.add_url_rule( + self.static_url_path + '/', + view_func=self.send_static_file, endpoint='static' + ) + + for deferred in self.deferred_functions: + deferred(state) + + def route(self, rule, **options): + """Like :meth:`Flask.route` but for a blueprint. The endpoint for the + :func:`url_for` function is prefixed with the name of the blueprint. + """ + def decorator(f): + endpoint = options.pop("endpoint", f.__name__) + self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options) + return f + return decorator + + def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options): + """Like :meth:`Flask.add_url_rule` but for a blueprint. The endpoint for + the :func:`url_for` function is prefixed with the name of the blueprint. + """ + if endpoint: + assert '.' not in endpoint, "Blueprint endpoints should not contain dots" + if view_func and hasattr(view_func, '__name__'): + assert '.' not in view_func.__name__, "Blueprint view function name should not contain dots" + self.record(lambda s: + s.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, view_func, **options)) + + def endpoint(self, endpoint): + """Like :meth:`Flask.endpoint` but for a blueprint. This does not + prefix the endpoint with the blueprint name, this has to be done + explicitly by the user of this method. If the endpoint is prefixed + with a `.` it will be registered to the current blueprint, otherwise + it's an application independent endpoint. + """ + def decorator(f): + def register_endpoint(state): + state.app.view_functions[endpoint] = f + self.record_once(register_endpoint) + return f + return decorator + + def app_template_filter(self, name=None): + """Register a custom template filter, available application wide. Like + :meth:`Flask.template_filter` but for a blueprint. + + :param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + def decorator(f): + self.add_app_template_filter(f, name=name) + return f + return decorator + + def add_app_template_filter(self, f, name=None): + """Register a custom template filter, available application wide. Like + :meth:`Flask.add_template_filter` but for a blueprint. Works exactly + like the :meth:`app_template_filter` decorator. + + :param name: the optional name of the filter, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + def register_template(state): + state.app.jinja_env.filters[name or f.__name__] = f + self.record_once(register_template) + + def app_template_test(self, name=None): + """Register a custom template test, available application wide. Like + :meth:`Flask.template_test` but for a blueprint. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + + :param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + def decorator(f): + self.add_app_template_test(f, name=name) + return f + return decorator + + def add_app_template_test(self, f, name=None): + """Register a custom template test, available application wide. Like + :meth:`Flask.add_template_test` but for a blueprint. Works exactly + like the :meth:`app_template_test` decorator. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + + :param name: the optional name of the test, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + def register_template(state): + state.app.jinja_env.tests[name or f.__name__] = f + self.record_once(register_template) + + def app_template_global(self, name=None): + """Register a custom template global, available application wide. Like + :meth:`Flask.template_global` but for a blueprint. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + + :param name: the optional name of the global, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + def decorator(f): + self.add_app_template_global(f, name=name) + return f + return decorator + + def add_app_template_global(self, f, name=None): + """Register a custom template global, available application wide. Like + :meth:`Flask.add_template_global` but for a blueprint. Works exactly + like the :meth:`app_template_global` decorator. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + + :param name: the optional name of the global, otherwise the + function name will be used. + """ + def register_template(state): + state.app.jinja_env.globals[name or f.__name__] = f + self.record_once(register_template) + + def before_request(self, f): + """Like :meth:`Flask.before_request` but for a blueprint. This function + is only executed before each request that is handled by a function of + that blueprint. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.before_request_funcs + .setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)) + return f + + def before_app_request(self, f): + """Like :meth:`Flask.before_request`. Such a function is executed + before each request, even if outside of a blueprint. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.before_request_funcs + .setdefault(None, []).append(f)) + return f + + def before_app_first_request(self, f): + """Like :meth:`Flask.before_first_request`. Such a function is + executed before the first request to the application. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.before_first_request_funcs.append(f)) + return f + + def after_request(self, f): + """Like :meth:`Flask.after_request` but for a blueprint. This function + is only executed after each request that is handled by a function of + that blueprint. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.after_request_funcs + .setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)) + return f + + def after_app_request(self, f): + """Like :meth:`Flask.after_request` but for a blueprint. Such a function + is executed after each request, even if outside of the blueprint. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.after_request_funcs + .setdefault(None, []).append(f)) + return f + + def teardown_request(self, f): + """Like :meth:`Flask.teardown_request` but for a blueprint. This + function is only executed when tearing down requests handled by a + function of that blueprint. Teardown request functions are executed + when the request context is popped, even when no actual request was + performed. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.teardown_request_funcs + .setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)) + return f + + def teardown_app_request(self, f): + """Like :meth:`Flask.teardown_request` but for a blueprint. Such a + function is executed when tearing down each request, even if outside of + the blueprint. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.teardown_request_funcs + .setdefault(None, []).append(f)) + return f + + def context_processor(self, f): + """Like :meth:`Flask.context_processor` but for a blueprint. This + function is only executed for requests handled by a blueprint. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.template_context_processors + .setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)) + return f + + def app_context_processor(self, f): + """Like :meth:`Flask.context_processor` but for a blueprint. Such a + function is executed each request, even if outside of the blueprint. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.template_context_processors + .setdefault(None, []).append(f)) + return f + + def app_errorhandler(self, code): + """Like :meth:`Flask.errorhandler` but for a blueprint. This + handler is used for all requests, even if outside of the blueprint. + """ + def decorator(f): + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.errorhandler(code)(f)) + return f + return decorator + + def url_value_preprocessor(self, f): + """Registers a function as URL value preprocessor for this + blueprint. It's called before the view functions are called and + can modify the url values provided. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.url_value_preprocessors + .setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)) + return f + + def url_defaults(self, f): + """Callback function for URL defaults for this blueprint. It's called + with the endpoint and values and should update the values passed + in place. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.url_default_functions + .setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)) + return f + + def app_url_value_preprocessor(self, f): + """Same as :meth:`url_value_preprocessor` but application wide. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.url_value_preprocessors + .setdefault(None, []).append(f)) + return f + + def app_url_defaults(self, f): + """Same as :meth:`url_defaults` but application wide. + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.url_default_functions + .setdefault(None, []).append(f)) + return f + + def errorhandler(self, code_or_exception): + """Registers an error handler that becomes active for this blueprint + only. Please be aware that routing does not happen local to a + blueprint so an error handler for 404 usually is not handled by + a blueprint unless it is caused inside a view function. Another + special case is the 500 internal server error which is always looked + up from the application. + + Otherwise works as the :meth:`~flask.Flask.errorhandler` decorator + of the :class:`~flask.Flask` object. + """ + def decorator(f): + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app._register_error_handler( + self.name, code_or_exception, f)) + return f + return decorator + + def register_error_handler(self, code_or_exception, f): + """Non-decorator version of the :meth:`errorhandler` error attach + function, akin to the :meth:`~flask.Flask.register_error_handler` + application-wide function of the :class:`~flask.Flask` object but + for error handlers limited to this blueprint. + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + """ + self.record_once(lambda s: s.app._register_error_handler( + self.name, code_or_exception, f)) diff --git a/python/flask/cli.py b/python/flask/cli.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3eb93b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/cli.py @@ -0,0 +1,910 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask.cli + ~~~~~~~~~ + + A simple command line application to run flask apps. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +from __future__ import print_function + +import ast +import inspect +import os +import platform +import re +import ssl +import sys +import traceback +from functools import update_wrapper +from operator import attrgetter +from threading import Lock, Thread + +import click +from werkzeug.utils import import_string + +from . import __version__ +from ._compat import getargspec, iteritems, reraise, text_type +from .globals import current_app +from .helpers import get_debug_flag, get_env, get_load_dotenv + +try: + import dotenv +except ImportError: + dotenv = None + + +class NoAppException(click.UsageError): + """Raised if an application cannot be found or loaded.""" + + +def find_best_app(script_info, module): + """Given a module instance this tries to find the best possible + application in the module or raises an exception. + """ + from . import Flask + + # Search for the most common names first. + for attr_name in ('app', 'application'): + app = getattr(module, attr_name, None) + + if isinstance(app, Flask): + return app + + # Otherwise find the only object that is a Flask instance. + matches = [ + v for k, v in iteritems(module.__dict__) if isinstance(v, Flask) + ] + + if len(matches) == 1: + return matches[0] + elif len(matches) > 1: + raise NoAppException( + 'Detected multiple Flask applications in module "{module}". Use ' + '"FLASK_APP={module}:name" to specify the correct ' + 'one.'.format(module=module.__name__) + ) + + # Search for app factory functions. + for attr_name in ('create_app', 'make_app'): + app_factory = getattr(module, attr_name, None) + + if inspect.isfunction(app_factory): + try: + app = call_factory(script_info, app_factory) + + if isinstance(app, Flask): + return app + except TypeError: + if not _called_with_wrong_args(app_factory): + raise + raise NoAppException( + 'Detected factory "{factory}" in module "{module}", but ' + 'could not call it without arguments. Use ' + '"FLASK_APP=\'{module}:{factory}(args)\'" to specify ' + 'arguments.'.format( + factory=attr_name, module=module.__name__ + ) + ) + + raise NoAppException( + 'Failed to find Flask application or factory in module "{module}". ' + 'Use "FLASK_APP={module}:name to specify one.'.format( + module=module.__name__ + ) + ) + + +def call_factory(script_info, app_factory, arguments=()): + """Takes an app factory, a ``script_info` object and optionally a tuple + of arguments. Checks for the existence of a script_info argument and calls + the app_factory depending on that and the arguments provided. + """ + args_spec = getargspec(app_factory) + arg_names = args_spec.args + arg_defaults = args_spec.defaults + + if 'script_info' in arg_names: + return app_factory(*arguments, script_info=script_info) + elif arguments: + return app_factory(*arguments) + elif not arguments and len(arg_names) == 1 and arg_defaults is None: + return app_factory(script_info) + + return app_factory() + + +def _called_with_wrong_args(factory): + """Check whether calling a function raised a ``TypeError`` because + the call failed or because something in the factory raised the + error. + + :param factory: the factory function that was called + :return: true if the call failed + """ + tb = sys.exc_info()[2] + + try: + while tb is not None: + if tb.tb_frame.f_code is factory.__code__: + # in the factory, it was called successfully + return False + + tb = tb.tb_next + + # didn't reach the factory + return True + finally: + del tb + + +def find_app_by_string(script_info, module, app_name): + """Checks if the given string is a variable name or a function. If it is a + function, it checks for specified arguments and whether it takes a + ``script_info`` argument and calls the function with the appropriate + arguments. + """ + from flask import Flask + match = re.match(r'^ *([^ ()]+) *(?:\((.*?) *,? *\))? *$', app_name) + + if not match: + raise NoAppException( + '"{name}" is not a valid variable name or function ' + 'expression.'.format(name=app_name) + ) + + name, args = match.groups() + + try: + attr = getattr(module, name) + except AttributeError as e: + raise NoAppException(e.args[0]) + + if inspect.isfunction(attr): + if args: + try: + args = ast.literal_eval('({args},)'.format(args=args)) + except (ValueError, SyntaxError)as e: + raise NoAppException( + 'Could not parse the arguments in ' + '"{app_name}".'.format(e=e, app_name=app_name) + ) + else: + args = () + + try: + app = call_factory(script_info, attr, args) + except TypeError as e: + if not _called_with_wrong_args(attr): + raise + + raise NoAppException( + '{e}\nThe factory "{app_name}" in module "{module}" could not ' + 'be called with the specified arguments.'.format( + e=e, app_name=app_name, module=module.__name__ + ) + ) + else: + app = attr + + if isinstance(app, Flask): + return app + + raise NoAppException( + 'A valid Flask application was not obtained from ' + '"{module}:{app_name}".'.format( + module=module.__name__, app_name=app_name + ) + ) + + +def prepare_import(path): + """Given a filename this will try to calculate the python path, add it + to the search path and return the actual module name that is expected. + """ + path = os.path.realpath(path) + + if os.path.splitext(path)[1] == '.py': + path = os.path.splitext(path)[0] + + if os.path.basename(path) == '__init__': + path = os.path.dirname(path) + + module_name = [] + + # move up until outside package structure (no __init__.py) + while True: + path, name = os.path.split(path) + module_name.append(name) + + if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, '__init__.py')): + break + + if sys.path[0] != path: + sys.path.insert(0, path) + + return '.'.join(module_name[::-1]) + + +def locate_app(script_info, module_name, app_name, raise_if_not_found=True): + __traceback_hide__ = True + + try: + __import__(module_name) + except ImportError: + # Reraise the ImportError if it occurred within the imported module. + # Determine this by checking whether the trace has a depth > 1. + if sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_next: + raise NoAppException( + 'While importing "{name}", an ImportError was raised:' + '\n\n{tb}'.format(name=module_name, tb=traceback.format_exc()) + ) + elif raise_if_not_found: + raise NoAppException( + 'Could not import "{name}".'.format(name=module_name) + ) + else: + return + + module = sys.modules[module_name] + + if app_name is None: + return find_best_app(script_info, module) + else: + return find_app_by_string(script_info, module, app_name) + + +def get_version(ctx, param, value): + if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing: + return + import werkzeug + message = ( + 'Python %(python)s\n' + 'Flask %(flask)s\n' + 'Werkzeug %(werkzeug)s' + ) + click.echo(message % { + 'python': platform.python_version(), + 'flask': __version__, + 'werkzeug': werkzeug.__version__, + }, color=ctx.color) + ctx.exit() + + +version_option = click.Option( + ['--version'], + help='Show the flask version', + expose_value=False, + callback=get_version, + is_flag=True, + is_eager=True +) + + +class DispatchingApp(object): + """Special application that dispatches to a Flask application which + is imported by name in a background thread. If an error happens + it is recorded and shown as part of the WSGI handling which in case + of the Werkzeug debugger means that it shows up in the browser. + """ + + def __init__(self, loader, use_eager_loading=False): + self.loader = loader + self._app = None + self._lock = Lock() + self._bg_loading_exc_info = None + if use_eager_loading: + self._load_unlocked() + else: + self._load_in_background() + + def _load_in_background(self): + def _load_app(): + __traceback_hide__ = True + with self._lock: + try: + self._load_unlocked() + except Exception: + self._bg_loading_exc_info = sys.exc_info() + t = Thread(target=_load_app, args=()) + t.start() + + def _flush_bg_loading_exception(self): + __traceback_hide__ = True + exc_info = self._bg_loading_exc_info + if exc_info is not None: + self._bg_loading_exc_info = None + reraise(*exc_info) + + def _load_unlocked(self): + __traceback_hide__ = True + self._app = rv = self.loader() + self._bg_loading_exc_info = None + return rv + + def __call__(self, environ, start_response): + __traceback_hide__ = True + if self._app is not None: + return self._app(environ, start_response) + self._flush_bg_loading_exception() + with self._lock: + if self._app is not None: + rv = self._app + else: + rv = self._load_unlocked() + return rv(environ, start_response) + + +class ScriptInfo(object): + """Helper object to deal with Flask applications. This is usually not + necessary to interface with as it's used internally in the dispatching + to click. In future versions of Flask this object will most likely play + a bigger role. Typically it's created automatically by the + :class:`FlaskGroup` but you can also manually create it and pass it + onwards as click object. + """ + + def __init__(self, app_import_path=None, create_app=None, + set_debug_flag=True): + #: Optionally the import path for the Flask application. + self.app_import_path = app_import_path or os.environ.get('FLASK_APP') + #: Optionally a function that is passed the script info to create + #: the instance of the application. + self.create_app = create_app + #: A dictionary with arbitrary data that can be associated with + #: this script info. + self.data = {} + self.set_debug_flag = set_debug_flag + self._loaded_app = None + + def load_app(self): + """Loads the Flask app (if not yet loaded) and returns it. Calling + this multiple times will just result in the already loaded app to + be returned. + """ + __traceback_hide__ = True + + if self._loaded_app is not None: + return self._loaded_app + + app = None + + if self.create_app is not None: + app = call_factory(self, self.create_app) + else: + if self.app_import_path: + path, name = (re.split(r':(?![\\/])', self.app_import_path, 1) + [None])[:2] + import_name = prepare_import(path) + app = locate_app(self, import_name, name) + else: + for path in ('wsgi.py', 'app.py'): + import_name = prepare_import(path) + app = locate_app(self, import_name, None, + raise_if_not_found=False) + + if app: + break + + if not app: + raise NoAppException( + 'Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide ' + 'the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or ' + '"app.py" module was not found in the current directory.' + ) + + if self.set_debug_flag: + # Update the app's debug flag through the descriptor so that + # other values repopulate as well. + app.debug = get_debug_flag() + + self._loaded_app = app + return app + + +pass_script_info = click.make_pass_decorator(ScriptInfo, ensure=True) + + +def with_appcontext(f): + """Wraps a callback so that it's guaranteed to be executed with the + script's application context. If callbacks are registered directly + to the ``app.cli`` object then they are wrapped with this function + by default unless it's disabled. + """ + @click.pass_context + def decorator(__ctx, *args, **kwargs): + with __ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo).load_app().app_context(): + return __ctx.invoke(f, *args, **kwargs) + return update_wrapper(decorator, f) + + +class AppGroup(click.Group): + """This works similar to a regular click :class:`~click.Group` but it + changes the behavior of the :meth:`command` decorator so that it + automatically wraps the functions in :func:`with_appcontext`. + + Not to be confused with :class:`FlaskGroup`. + """ + + def command(self, *args, **kwargs): + """This works exactly like the method of the same name on a regular + :class:`click.Group` but it wraps callbacks in :func:`with_appcontext` + unless it's disabled by passing ``with_appcontext=False``. + """ + wrap_for_ctx = kwargs.pop('with_appcontext', True) + def decorator(f): + if wrap_for_ctx: + f = with_appcontext(f) + return click.Group.command(self, *args, **kwargs)(f) + return decorator + + def group(self, *args, **kwargs): + """This works exactly like the method of the same name on a regular + :class:`click.Group` but it defaults the group class to + :class:`AppGroup`. + """ + kwargs.setdefault('cls', AppGroup) + return click.Group.group(self, *args, **kwargs) + + +class FlaskGroup(AppGroup): + """Special subclass of the :class:`AppGroup` group that supports + loading more commands from the configured Flask app. Normally a + developer does not have to interface with this class but there are + some very advanced use cases for which it makes sense to create an + instance of this. + + For information as of why this is useful see :ref:`custom-scripts`. + + :param add_default_commands: if this is True then the default run and + shell commands wil be added. + :param add_version_option: adds the ``--version`` option. + :param create_app: an optional callback that is passed the script info and + returns the loaded app. + :param load_dotenv: Load the nearest :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv` + files to set environment variables. Will also change the working + directory to the directory containing the first file found. + :param set_debug_flag: Set the app's debug flag based on the active + environment + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0 + If installed, python-dotenv will be used to load environment variables + from :file:`.env` and :file:`.flaskenv` files. + """ + + def __init__(self, add_default_commands=True, create_app=None, + add_version_option=True, load_dotenv=True, + set_debug_flag=True, **extra): + params = list(extra.pop('params', None) or ()) + + if add_version_option: + params.append(version_option) + + AppGroup.__init__(self, params=params, **extra) + self.create_app = create_app + self.load_dotenv = load_dotenv + self.set_debug_flag = set_debug_flag + + if add_default_commands: + self.add_command(run_command) + self.add_command(shell_command) + self.add_command(routes_command) + + self._loaded_plugin_commands = False + + def _load_plugin_commands(self): + if self._loaded_plugin_commands: + return + try: + import pkg_resources + except ImportError: + self._loaded_plugin_commands = True + return + + for ep in pkg_resources.iter_entry_points('flask.commands'): + self.add_command(ep.load(), ep.name) + self._loaded_plugin_commands = True + + def get_command(self, ctx, name): + self._load_plugin_commands() + + # We load built-in commands first as these should always be the + # same no matter what the app does. If the app does want to + # override this it needs to make a custom instance of this group + # and not attach the default commands. + # + # This also means that the script stays functional in case the + # application completely fails. + rv = AppGroup.get_command(self, ctx, name) + if rv is not None: + return rv + + info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo) + try: + rv = info.load_app().cli.get_command(ctx, name) + if rv is not None: + return rv + except NoAppException: + pass + + def list_commands(self, ctx): + self._load_plugin_commands() + + # The commands available is the list of both the application (if + # available) plus the builtin commands. + rv = set(click.Group.list_commands(self, ctx)) + info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo) + try: + rv.update(info.load_app().cli.list_commands(ctx)) + except Exception: + # Here we intentionally swallow all exceptions as we don't + # want the help page to break if the app does not exist. + # If someone attempts to use the command we try to create + # the app again and this will give us the error. + # However, we will not do so silently because that would confuse + # users. + traceback.print_exc() + return sorted(rv) + + def main(self, *args, **kwargs): + # Set a global flag that indicates that we were invoked from the + # command line interface. This is detected by Flask.run to make the + # call into a no-op. This is necessary to avoid ugly errors when the + # script that is loaded here also attempts to start a server. + os.environ['FLASK_RUN_FROM_CLI'] = 'true' + + if get_load_dotenv(self.load_dotenv): + load_dotenv() + + obj = kwargs.get('obj') + + if obj is None: + obj = ScriptInfo(create_app=self.create_app, + set_debug_flag=self.set_debug_flag) + + kwargs['obj'] = obj + kwargs.setdefault('auto_envvar_prefix', 'FLASK') + return super(FlaskGroup, self).main(*args, **kwargs) + + +def _path_is_ancestor(path, other): + """Take ``other`` and remove the length of ``path`` from it. Then join it + to ``path``. If it is the original value, ``path`` is an ancestor of + ``other``.""" + return os.path.join(path, other[len(path):].lstrip(os.sep)) == other + + +def load_dotenv(path=None): + """Load "dotenv" files in order of precedence to set environment variables. + + If an env var is already set it is not overwritten, so earlier files in the + list are preferred over later files. + + Changes the current working directory to the location of the first file + found, with the assumption that it is in the top level project directory + and will be where the Python path should import local packages from. + + This is a no-op if `python-dotenv`_ is not installed. + + .. _python-dotenv: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv#readme + + :param path: Load the file at this location instead of searching. + :return: ``True`` if a file was loaded. + + .. versionadded:: 1.0 + """ + if dotenv is None: + if path or os.path.exists('.env') or os.path.exists('.flaskenv'): + click.secho( + ' * Tip: There are .env files present.' + ' Do "pip install python-dotenv" to use them.', + fg='yellow') + return + + if path is not None: + return dotenv.load_dotenv(path) + + new_dir = None + + for name in ('.env', '.flaskenv'): + path = dotenv.find_dotenv(name, usecwd=True) + + if not path: + continue + + if new_dir is None: + new_dir = os.path.dirname(path) + + dotenv.load_dotenv(path) + + if new_dir and os.getcwd() != new_dir: + os.chdir(new_dir) + + return new_dir is not None # at least one file was located and loaded + + +def show_server_banner(env, debug, app_import_path, eager_loading): + """Show extra startup messages the first time the server is run, + ignoring the reloader. + """ + if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') == 'true': + return + + if app_import_path is not None: + message = ' * Serving Flask app "{0}"'.format(app_import_path) + + if not eager_loading: + message += ' (lazy loading)' + + click.echo(message) + + click.echo(' * Environment: {0}'.format(env)) + + if env == 'production': + click.secho( + ' WARNING: This is a development server. ' + 'Do not use it in a production deployment.', fg='red') + click.secho(' Use a production WSGI server instead.', dim=True) + + if debug is not None: + click.echo(' * Debug mode: {0}'.format('on' if debug else 'off')) + + +class CertParamType(click.ParamType): + """Click option type for the ``--cert`` option. Allows either an + existing file, the string ``'adhoc'``, or an import for a + :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` object. + """ + + name = 'path' + + def __init__(self): + self.path_type = click.Path( + exists=True, dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True) + + def convert(self, value, param, ctx): + try: + return self.path_type(value, param, ctx) + except click.BadParameter: + value = click.STRING(value, param, ctx).lower() + + if value == 'adhoc': + try: + import OpenSSL + except ImportError: + raise click.BadParameter( + 'Using ad-hoc certificates requires pyOpenSSL.', + ctx, param) + + return value + + obj = import_string(value, silent=True) + + if sys.version_info < (2, 7, 9): + if obj: + return obj + else: + if isinstance(obj, ssl.SSLContext): + return obj + + raise + + +def _validate_key(ctx, param, value): + """The ``--key`` option must be specified when ``--cert`` is a file. + Modifies the ``cert`` param to be a ``(cert, key)`` pair if needed. + """ + cert = ctx.params.get('cert') + is_adhoc = cert == 'adhoc' + + if sys.version_info < (2, 7, 9): + is_context = cert and not isinstance(cert, (text_type, bytes)) + else: + is_context = isinstance(cert, ssl.SSLContext) + + if value is not None: + if is_adhoc: + raise click.BadParameter( + 'When "--cert" is "adhoc", "--key" is not used.', + ctx, param) + + if is_context: + raise click.BadParameter( + 'When "--cert" is an SSLContext object, "--key is not used.', + ctx, param) + + if not cert: + raise click.BadParameter( + '"--cert" must also be specified.', + ctx, param) + + ctx.params['cert'] = cert, value + + else: + if cert and not (is_adhoc or is_context): + raise click.BadParameter( + 'Required when using "--cert".', + ctx, param) + + return value + + +@click.command('run', short_help='Run a development server.') +@click.option('--host', '-h', default='127.0.0.1', + help='The interface to bind to.') +@click.option('--port', '-p', default=5000, + help='The port to bind to.') +@click.option('--cert', type=CertParamType(), + help='Specify a certificate file to use HTTPS.') +@click.option('--key', + type=click.Path(exists=True, dir_okay=False, resolve_path=True), + callback=_validate_key, expose_value=False, + help='The key file to use when specifying a certificate.') +@click.option('--reload/--no-reload', default=None, + help='Enable or disable the reloader. By default the reloader ' + 'is active if debug is enabled.') +@click.option('--debugger/--no-debugger', default=None, + help='Enable or disable the debugger. By default the debugger ' + 'is active if debug is enabled.') +@click.option('--eager-loading/--lazy-loader', default=None, + help='Enable or disable eager loading. By default eager ' + 'loading is enabled if the reloader is disabled.') +@click.option('--with-threads/--without-threads', default=True, + help='Enable or disable multithreading.') +@pass_script_info +def run_command(info, host, port, reload, debugger, eager_loading, + with_threads, cert): + """Run a local development server. + + This server is for development purposes only. It does not provide + the stability, security, or performance of production WSGI servers. + + The reloader and debugger are enabled by default if + FLASK_ENV=development or FLASK_DEBUG=1. + """ + debug = get_debug_flag() + + if reload is None: + reload = debug + + if debugger is None: + debugger = debug + + if eager_loading is None: + eager_loading = not reload + + show_server_banner(get_env(), debug, info.app_import_path, eager_loading) + app = DispatchingApp(info.load_app, use_eager_loading=eager_loading) + + from werkzeug.serving import run_simple + run_simple(host, port, app, use_reloader=reload, use_debugger=debugger, + threaded=with_threads, ssl_context=cert) + + +@click.command('shell', short_help='Run a shell in the app context.') +@with_appcontext +def shell_command(): + """Run an interactive Python shell in the context of a given + Flask application. The application will populate the default + namespace of this shell according to it's configuration. + + This is useful for executing small snippets of management code + without having to manually configure the application. + """ + import code + from flask.globals import _app_ctx_stack + app = _app_ctx_stack.top.app + banner = 'Python %s on %s\nApp: %s [%s]\nInstance: %s' % ( + sys.version, + sys.platform, + app.import_name, + app.env, + app.instance_path, + ) + ctx = {} + + # Support the regular Python interpreter startup script if someone + # is using it. + startup = os.environ.get('PYTHONSTARTUP') + if startup and os.path.isfile(startup): + with open(startup, 'r') as f: + eval(compile(f.read(), startup, 'exec'), ctx) + + ctx.update(app.make_shell_context()) + + code.interact(banner=banner, local=ctx) + + +@click.command('routes', short_help='Show the routes for the app.') +@click.option( + '--sort', '-s', + type=click.Choice(('endpoint', 'methods', 'rule', 'match')), + default='endpoint', + help=( + 'Method to sort routes by. "match" is the order that Flask will match ' + 'routes when dispatching a request.' + ) +) +@click.option( + '--all-methods', + is_flag=True, + help="Show HEAD and OPTIONS methods." +) +@with_appcontext +def routes_command(sort, all_methods): + """Show all registered routes with endpoints and methods.""" + + rules = list(current_app.url_map.iter_rules()) + if not rules: + click.echo('No routes were registered.') + return + + ignored_methods = set(() if all_methods else ('HEAD', 'OPTIONS')) + + if sort in ('endpoint', 'rule'): + rules = sorted(rules, key=attrgetter(sort)) + elif sort == 'methods': + rules = sorted(rules, key=lambda rule: sorted(rule.methods)) + + rule_methods = [ + ', '.join(sorted(rule.methods - ignored_methods)) for rule in rules + ] + + headers = ('Endpoint', 'Methods', 'Rule') + widths = ( + max(len(rule.endpoint) for rule in rules), + max(len(methods) for methods in rule_methods), + max(len(rule.rule) for rule in rules), + ) + widths = [max(len(h), w) for h, w in zip(headers, widths)] + row = '{{0:<{0}}} {{1:<{1}}} {{2:<{2}}}'.format(*widths) + + click.echo(row.format(*headers).strip()) + click.echo(row.format(*('-' * width for width in widths))) + + for rule, methods in zip(rules, rule_methods): + click.echo(row.format(rule.endpoint, methods, rule.rule).rstrip()) + + +cli = FlaskGroup(help="""\ +A general utility script for Flask applications. + +Provides commands from Flask, extensions, and the application. Loads the +application defined in the FLASK_APP environment variable, or from a wsgi.py +file. Setting the FLASK_ENV environment variable to 'development' will enable +debug mode. + +\b + {prefix}{cmd} FLASK_APP=hello.py + {prefix}{cmd} FLASK_ENV=development + {prefix}flask run +""".format( + cmd='export' if os.name == 'posix' else 'set', + prefix='$ ' if os.name == 'posix' else '> ' +)) + + +def main(as_module=False): + args = sys.argv[1:] + + if as_module: + this_module = 'flask' + + if sys.version_info < (2, 7): + this_module += '.cli' + + name = 'python -m ' + this_module + + # Python rewrites "python -m flask" to the path to the file in argv. + # Restore the original command so that the reloader works. + sys.argv = ['-m', this_module] + args + else: + name = None + + cli.main(args=args, prog_name=name) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main(as_module=True) diff --git a/python/flask/config.py b/python/flask/config.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a5475ed --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/config.py @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask.config + ~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Implements the configuration related objects. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +import os +import types +import errno + +from werkzeug.utils import import_string +from ._compat import string_types, iteritems +from . import json + + +class ConfigAttribute(object): + """Makes an attribute forward to the config""" + + def __init__(self, name, get_converter=None): + self.__name__ = name + self.get_converter = get_converter + + def __get__(self, obj, type=None): + if obj is None: + return self + rv = obj.config[self.__name__] + if self.get_converter is not None: + rv = self.get_converter(rv) + return rv + + def __set__(self, obj, value): + obj.config[self.__name__] = value + + +class Config(dict): + """Works exactly like a dict but provides ways to fill it from files + or special dictionaries. There are two common patterns to populate the + config. + + Either you can fill the config from a config file:: + + app.config.from_pyfile('yourconfig.cfg') + + Or alternatively you can define the configuration options in the + module that calls :meth:`from_object` or provide an import path to + a module that should be loaded. It is also possible to tell it to + use the same module and with that provide the configuration values + just before the call:: + + DEBUG = True + SECRET_KEY = 'development key' + app.config.from_object(__name__) + + In both cases (loading from any Python file or loading from modules), + only uppercase keys are added to the config. This makes it possible to use + lowercase values in the config file for temporary values that are not added + to the config or to define the config keys in the same file that implements + the application. + + Probably the most interesting way to load configurations is from an + environment variable pointing to a file:: + + app.config.from_envvar('YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS') + + In this case before launching the application you have to set this + environment variable to the file you want to use. On Linux and OS X + use the export statement:: + + export YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS='/path/to/config/file' + + On windows use `set` instead. + + :param root_path: path to which files are read relative from. When the + config object is created by the application, this is + the application's :attr:`~flask.Flask.root_path`. + :param defaults: an optional dictionary of default values + """ + + def __init__(self, root_path, defaults=None): + dict.__init__(self, defaults or {}) + self.root_path = root_path + + def from_envvar(self, variable_name, silent=False): + """Loads a configuration from an environment variable pointing to + a configuration file. This is basically just a shortcut with nicer + error messages for this line of code:: + + app.config.from_pyfile(os.environ['YOURAPPLICATION_SETTINGS']) + + :param variable_name: name of the environment variable + :param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing + files. + :return: bool. ``True`` if able to load config, ``False`` otherwise. + """ + rv = os.environ.get(variable_name) + if not rv: + if silent: + return False + raise RuntimeError('The environment variable %r is not set ' + 'and as such configuration could not be ' + 'loaded. Set this variable and make it ' + 'point to a configuration file' % + variable_name) + return self.from_pyfile(rv, silent=silent) + + def from_pyfile(self, filename, silent=False): + """Updates the values in the config from a Python file. This function + behaves as if the file was imported as module with the + :meth:`from_object` function. + + :param filename: the filename of the config. This can either be an + absolute filename or a filename relative to the + root path. + :param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing + files. + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + `silent` parameter. + """ + filename = os.path.join(self.root_path, filename) + d = types.ModuleType('config') + d.__file__ = filename + try: + with open(filename, mode='rb') as config_file: + exec(compile(config_file.read(), filename, 'exec'), d.__dict__) + except IOError as e: + if silent and e.errno in ( + errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR, errno.ENOTDIR + ): + return False + e.strerror = 'Unable to load configuration file (%s)' % e.strerror + raise + self.from_object(d) + return True + + def from_object(self, obj): + """Updates the values from the given object. An object can be of one + of the following two types: + + - a string: in this case the object with that name will be imported + - an actual object reference: that object is used directly + + Objects are usually either modules or classes. :meth:`from_object` + loads only the uppercase attributes of the module/class. A ``dict`` + object will not work with :meth:`from_object` because the keys of a + ``dict`` are not attributes of the ``dict`` class. + + Example of module-based configuration:: + + app.config.from_object('yourapplication.default_config') + from yourapplication import default_config + app.config.from_object(default_config) + + Nothing is done to the object before loading. If the object is a + class and has ``@property`` attributes, it needs to be + instantiated before being passed to this method. + + You should not use this function to load the actual configuration but + rather configuration defaults. The actual config should be loaded + with :meth:`from_pyfile` and ideally from a location not within the + package because the package might be installed system wide. + + See :ref:`config-dev-prod` for an example of class-based configuration + using :meth:`from_object`. + + :param obj: an import name or object + """ + if isinstance(obj, string_types): + obj = import_string(obj) + for key in dir(obj): + if key.isupper(): + self[key] = getattr(obj, key) + + def from_json(self, filename, silent=False): + """Updates the values in the config from a JSON file. This function + behaves as if the JSON object was a dictionary and passed to the + :meth:`from_mapping` function. + + :param filename: the filename of the JSON file. This can either be an + absolute filename or a filename relative to the + root path. + :param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing + files. + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + """ + filename = os.path.join(self.root_path, filename) + + try: + with open(filename) as json_file: + obj = json.loads(json_file.read()) + except IOError as e: + if silent and e.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR): + return False + e.strerror = 'Unable to load configuration file (%s)' % e.strerror + raise + return self.from_mapping(obj) + + def from_mapping(self, *mapping, **kwargs): + """Updates the config like :meth:`update` ignoring items with non-upper + keys. + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + """ + mappings = [] + if len(mapping) == 1: + if hasattr(mapping[0], 'items'): + mappings.append(mapping[0].items()) + else: + mappings.append(mapping[0]) + elif len(mapping) > 1: + raise TypeError( + 'expected at most 1 positional argument, got %d' % len(mapping) + ) + mappings.append(kwargs.items()) + for mapping in mappings: + for (key, value) in mapping: + if key.isupper(): + self[key] = value + return True + + def get_namespace(self, namespace, lowercase=True, trim_namespace=True): + """Returns a dictionary containing a subset of configuration options + that match the specified namespace/prefix. Example usage:: + + app.config['IMAGE_STORE_TYPE'] = 'fs' + app.config['IMAGE_STORE_PATH'] = '/var/app/images' + app.config['IMAGE_STORE_BASE_URL'] = 'http://img.website.com' + image_store_config = app.config.get_namespace('IMAGE_STORE_') + + The resulting dictionary `image_store_config` would look like:: + + { + 'type': 'fs', + 'path': '/var/app/images', + 'base_url': 'http://img.website.com' + } + + This is often useful when configuration options map directly to + keyword arguments in functions or class constructors. + + :param namespace: a configuration namespace + :param lowercase: a flag indicating if the keys of the resulting + dictionary should be lowercase + :param trim_namespace: a flag indicating if the keys of the resulting + dictionary should not include the namespace + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + """ + rv = {} + for k, v in iteritems(self): + if not k.startswith(namespace): + continue + if trim_namespace: + key = k[len(namespace):] + else: + key = k + if lowercase: + key = key.lower() + rv[key] = v + return rv + + def __repr__(self): + return '<%s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, dict.__repr__(self)) diff --git a/python/flask/ctx.py b/python/flask/ctx.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec8e787 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/ctx.py @@ -0,0 +1,457 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask.ctx + ~~~~~~~~~ + + Implements the objects required to keep the context. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +import sys +from functools import update_wrapper + +from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException + +from .globals import _request_ctx_stack, _app_ctx_stack +from .signals import appcontext_pushed, appcontext_popped +from ._compat import BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT, reraise + + +# a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults +_sentinel = object() + + +class _AppCtxGlobals(object): + """A plain object. Used as a namespace for storing data during an + application context. + + Creating an app context automatically creates this object, which is + made available as the :data:`g` proxy. + + .. describe:: 'key' in g + + Check whether an attribute is present. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + + .. describe:: iter(g) + + Return an iterator over the attribute names. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + """ + + def get(self, name, default=None): + """Get an attribute by name, or a default value. Like + :meth:`dict.get`. + + :param name: Name of attribute to get. + :param default: Value to return if the attribute is not present. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + """ + return self.__dict__.get(name, default) + + def pop(self, name, default=_sentinel): + """Get and remove an attribute by name. Like :meth:`dict.pop`. + + :param name: Name of attribute to pop. + :param default: Value to return if the attribute is not present, + instead of raise a ``KeyError``. + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + """ + if default is _sentinel: + return self.__dict__.pop(name) + else: + return self.__dict__.pop(name, default) + + def setdefault(self, name, default=None): + """Get the value of an attribute if it is present, otherwise + set and return a default value. Like :meth:`dict.setdefault`. + + :param name: Name of attribute to get. + :param: default: Value to set and return if the attribute is not + present. + + .. versionadded:: 0.11 + """ + return self.__dict__.setdefault(name, default) + + def __contains__(self, item): + return item in self.__dict__ + + def __iter__(self): + return iter(self.__dict__) + + def __repr__(self): + top = _app_ctx_stack.top + if top is not None: + return '' % top.app.name + return object.__repr__(self) + + +def after_this_request(f): + """Executes a function after this request. This is useful to modify + response objects. The function is passed the response object and has + to return the same or a new one. + + Example:: + + @app.route('/') + def index(): + @after_this_request + def add_header(response): + response.headers['X-Foo'] = 'Parachute' + return response + return 'Hello World!' + + This is more useful if a function other than the view function wants to + modify a response. For instance think of a decorator that wants to add + some headers without converting the return value into a response object. + + .. versionadded:: 0.9 + """ + _request_ctx_stack.top._after_request_functions.append(f) + return f + + +def copy_current_request_context(f): + """A helper function that decorates a function to retain the current + request context. This is useful when working with greenlets. The moment + the function is decorated a copy of the request context is created and + then pushed when the function is called. + + Example:: + + import gevent + from flask import copy_current_request_context + + @app.route('/') + def index(): + @copy_current_request_context + def do_some_work(): + # do some work here, it can access flask.request like you + # would otherwise in the view function. + ... + gevent.spawn(do_some_work) + return 'Regular response' + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + """ + top = _request_ctx_stack.top + if top is None: + raise RuntimeError('This decorator can only be used at local scopes ' + 'when a request context is on the stack. For instance within ' + 'view functions.') + reqctx = top.copy() + def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): + with reqctx: + return f(*args, **kwargs) + return update_wrapper(wrapper, f) + + +def has_request_context(): + """If you have code that wants to test if a request context is there or + not this function can be used. For instance, you may want to take advantage + of request information if the request object is available, but fail + silently if it is unavailable. + + :: + + class User(db.Model): + + def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None): + self.username = username + if remote_addr is None and has_request_context(): + remote_addr = request.remote_addr + self.remote_addr = remote_addr + + Alternatively you can also just test any of the context bound objects + (such as :class:`request` or :class:`g`) for truthness:: + + class User(db.Model): + + def __init__(self, username, remote_addr=None): + self.username = username + if remote_addr is None and request: + remote_addr = request.remote_addr + self.remote_addr = remote_addr + + .. versionadded:: 0.7 + """ + return _request_ctx_stack.top is not None + + +def has_app_context(): + """Works like :func:`has_request_context` but for the application + context. You can also just do a boolean check on the + :data:`current_app` object instead. + + .. versionadded:: 0.9 + """ + return _app_ctx_stack.top is not None + + +class AppContext(object): + """The application context binds an application object implicitly + to the current thread or greenlet, similar to how the + :class:`RequestContext` binds request information. The application + context is also implicitly created if a request context is created + but the application is not on top of the individual application + context. + """ + + def __init__(self, app): + self.app = app + self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(None) + self.g = app.app_ctx_globals_class() + + # Like request context, app contexts can be pushed multiple times + # but there a basic "refcount" is enough to track them. + self._refcnt = 0 + + def push(self): + """Binds the app context to the current context.""" + self._refcnt += 1 + if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'): + sys.exc_clear() + _app_ctx_stack.push(self) + appcontext_pushed.send(self.app) + + def pop(self, exc=_sentinel): + """Pops the app context.""" + try: + self._refcnt -= 1 + if self._refcnt <= 0: + if exc is _sentinel: + exc = sys.exc_info()[1] + self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc) + finally: + rv = _app_ctx_stack.pop() + assert rv is self, 'Popped wrong app context. (%r instead of %r)' \ + % (rv, self) + appcontext_popped.send(self.app) + + def __enter__(self): + self.push() + return self + + def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb): + self.pop(exc_value) + + if BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT and exc_type is not None: + reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) + + +class RequestContext(object): + """The request context contains all request relevant information. It is + created at the beginning of the request and pushed to the + `_request_ctx_stack` and removed at the end of it. It will create the + URL adapter and request object for the WSGI environment provided. + + Do not attempt to use this class directly, instead use + :meth:`~flask.Flask.test_request_context` and + :meth:`~flask.Flask.request_context` to create this object. + + When the request context is popped, it will evaluate all the + functions registered on the application for teardown execution + (:meth:`~flask.Flask.teardown_request`). + + The request context is automatically popped at the end of the request + for you. In debug mode the request context is kept around if + exceptions happen so that interactive debuggers have a chance to + introspect the data. With 0.4 this can also be forced for requests + that did not fail and outside of ``DEBUG`` mode. By setting + ``'flask._preserve_context'`` to ``True`` on the WSGI environment the + context will not pop itself at the end of the request. This is used by + the :meth:`~flask.Flask.test_client` for example to implement the + deferred cleanup functionality. + + You might find this helpful for unittests where you need the + information from the context local around for a little longer. Make + sure to properly :meth:`~werkzeug.LocalStack.pop` the stack yourself in + that situation, otherwise your unittests will leak memory. + """ + + def __init__(self, app, environ, request=None): + self.app = app + if request is None: + request = app.request_class(environ) + self.request = request + self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(self.request) + self.flashes = None + self.session = None + + # Request contexts can be pushed multiple times and interleaved with + # other request contexts. Now only if the last level is popped we + # get rid of them. Additionally if an application context is missing + # one is created implicitly so for each level we add this information + self._implicit_app_ctx_stack = [] + + # indicator if the context was preserved. Next time another context + # is pushed the preserved context is popped. + self.preserved = False + + # remembers the exception for pop if there is one in case the context + # preservation kicks in. + self._preserved_exc = None + + # Functions that should be executed after the request on the response + # object. These will be called before the regular "after_request" + # functions. + self._after_request_functions = [] + + self.match_request() + + def _get_g(self): + return _app_ctx_stack.top.g + def _set_g(self, value): + _app_ctx_stack.top.g = value + g = property(_get_g, _set_g) + del _get_g, _set_g + + def copy(self): + """Creates a copy of this request context with the same request object. + This can be used to move a request context to a different greenlet. + Because the actual request object is the same this cannot be used to + move a request context to a different thread unless access to the + request object is locked. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + """ + return self.__class__(self.app, + environ=self.request.environ, + request=self.request + ) + + def match_request(self): + """Can be overridden by a subclass to hook into the matching + of the request. + """ + try: + url_rule, self.request.view_args = \ + self.url_adapter.match(return_rule=True) + self.request.url_rule = url_rule + except HTTPException as e: + self.request.routing_exception = e + + def push(self): + """Binds the request context to the current context.""" + # If an exception occurs in debug mode or if context preservation is + # activated under exception situations exactly one context stays + # on the stack. The rationale is that you want to access that + # information under debug situations. However if someone forgets to + # pop that context again we want to make sure that on the next push + # it's invalidated, otherwise we run at risk that something leaks + # memory. This is usually only a problem in test suite since this + # functionality is not active in production environments. + top = _request_ctx_stack.top + if top is not None and top.preserved: + top.pop(top._preserved_exc) + + # Before we push the request context we have to ensure that there + # is an application context. + app_ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top + if app_ctx is None or app_ctx.app != self.app: + app_ctx = self.app.app_context() + app_ctx.push() + self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(app_ctx) + else: + self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(None) + + if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'): + sys.exc_clear() + + _request_ctx_stack.push(self) + + # Open the session at the moment that the request context is available. + # This allows a custom open_session method to use the request context. + # Only open a new session if this is the first time the request was + # pushed, otherwise stream_with_context loses the session. + if self.session is None: + session_interface = self.app.session_interface + self.session = session_interface.open_session( + self.app, self.request + ) + + if self.session is None: + self.session = session_interface.make_null_session(self.app) + + def pop(self, exc=_sentinel): + """Pops the request context and unbinds it by doing that. This will + also trigger the execution of functions registered by the + :meth:`~flask.Flask.teardown_request` decorator. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.9 + Added the `exc` argument. + """ + app_ctx = self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.pop() + + try: + clear_request = False + if not self._implicit_app_ctx_stack: + self.preserved = False + self._preserved_exc = None + if exc is _sentinel: + exc = sys.exc_info()[1] + self.app.do_teardown_request(exc) + + # If this interpreter supports clearing the exception information + # we do that now. This will only go into effect on Python 2.x, + # on 3.x it disappears automatically at the end of the exception + # stack. + if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'): + sys.exc_clear() + + request_close = getattr(self.request, 'close', None) + if request_close is not None: + request_close() + clear_request = True + finally: + rv = _request_ctx_stack.pop() + + # get rid of circular dependencies at the end of the request + # so that we don't require the GC to be active. + if clear_request: + rv.request.environ['werkzeug.request'] = None + + # Get rid of the app as well if necessary. + if app_ctx is not None: + app_ctx.pop(exc) + + assert rv is self, 'Popped wrong request context. ' \ + '(%r instead of %r)' % (rv, self) + + def auto_pop(self, exc): + if self.request.environ.get('flask._preserve_context') or \ + (exc is not None and self.app.preserve_context_on_exception): + self.preserved = True + self._preserved_exc = exc + else: + self.pop(exc) + + def __enter__(self): + self.push() + return self + + def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb): + # do not pop the request stack if we are in debug mode and an + # exception happened. This will allow the debugger to still + # access the request object in the interactive shell. Furthermore + # the context can be force kept alive for the test client. + # See flask.testing for how this works. + self.auto_pop(exc_value) + + if BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT and exc_type is not None: + reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb) + + def __repr__(self): + return '<%s \'%s\' [%s] of %s>' % ( + self.__class__.__name__, + self.request.url, + self.request.method, + self.app.name, + ) diff --git a/python/flask/debughelpers.py b/python/flask/debughelpers.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9765f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/debughelpers.py @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask.debughelpers + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Various helpers to make the development experience better. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +import os +from warnings import warn + +from ._compat import implements_to_string, text_type +from .app import Flask +from .blueprints import Blueprint +from .globals import _request_ctx_stack + + +class UnexpectedUnicodeError(AssertionError, UnicodeError): + """Raised in places where we want some better error reporting for + unexpected unicode or binary data. + """ + + +@implements_to_string +class DebugFilesKeyError(KeyError, AssertionError): + """Raised from request.files during debugging. The idea is that it can + provide a better error message than just a generic KeyError/BadRequest. + """ + + def __init__(self, request, key): + form_matches = request.form.getlist(key) + buf = ['You tried to access the file "%s" in the request.files ' + 'dictionary but it does not exist. The mimetype for the request ' + 'is "%s" instead of "multipart/form-data" which means that no ' + 'file contents were transmitted. To fix this error you should ' + 'provide enctype="multipart/form-data" in your form.' % + (key, request.mimetype)] + if form_matches: + buf.append('\n\nThe browser instead transmitted some file names. ' + 'This was submitted: %s' % ', '.join('"%s"' % x + for x in form_matches)) + self.msg = ''.join(buf) + + def __str__(self): + return self.msg + + +class FormDataRoutingRedirect(AssertionError): + """This exception is raised by Flask in debug mode if it detects a + redirect caused by the routing system when the request method is not + GET, HEAD or OPTIONS. Reasoning: form data will be dropped. + """ + + def __init__(self, request): + exc = request.routing_exception + buf = ['A request was sent to this URL (%s) but a redirect was ' + 'issued automatically by the routing system to "%s".' + % (request.url, exc.new_url)] + + # In case just a slash was appended we can be extra helpful + if request.base_url + '/' == exc.new_url.split('?')[0]: + buf.append(' The URL was defined with a trailing slash so ' + 'Flask will automatically redirect to the URL ' + 'with the trailing slash if it was accessed ' + 'without one.') + + buf.append(' Make sure to directly send your %s-request to this URL ' + 'since we can\'t make browsers or HTTP clients redirect ' + 'with form data reliably or without user interaction.' % + request.method) + buf.append('\n\nNote: this exception is only raised in debug mode') + AssertionError.__init__(self, ''.join(buf).encode('utf-8')) + + +def attach_enctype_error_multidict(request): + """Since Flask 0.8 we're monkeypatching the files object in case a + request is detected that does not use multipart form data but the files + object is accessed. + """ + oldcls = request.files.__class__ + class newcls(oldcls): + def __getitem__(self, key): + try: + return oldcls.__getitem__(self, key) + except KeyError: + if key not in request.form: + raise + raise DebugFilesKeyError(request, key) + newcls.__name__ = oldcls.__name__ + newcls.__module__ = oldcls.__module__ + request.files.__class__ = newcls + + +def _dump_loader_info(loader): + yield 'class: %s.%s' % (type(loader).__module__, type(loader).__name__) + for key, value in sorted(loader.__dict__.items()): + if key.startswith('_'): + continue + if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)): + if not all(isinstance(x, (str, text_type)) for x in value): + continue + yield '%s:' % key + for item in value: + yield ' - %s' % item + continue + elif not isinstance(value, (str, text_type, int, float, bool)): + continue + yield '%s: %r' % (key, value) + + +def explain_template_loading_attempts(app, template, attempts): + """This should help developers understand what failed""" + info = ['Locating template "%s":' % template] + total_found = 0 + blueprint = None + reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top + if reqctx is not None and reqctx.request.blueprint is not None: + blueprint = reqctx.request.blueprint + + for idx, (loader, srcobj, triple) in enumerate(attempts): + if isinstance(srcobj, Flask): + src_info = 'application "%s"' % srcobj.import_name + elif isinstance(srcobj, Blueprint): + src_info = 'blueprint "%s" (%s)' % (srcobj.name, + srcobj.import_name) + else: + src_info = repr(srcobj) + + info.append('% 5d: trying loader of %s' % ( + idx + 1, src_info)) + + for line in _dump_loader_info(loader): + info.append(' %s' % line) + + if triple is None: + detail = 'no match' + else: + detail = 'found (%r)' % (triple[1] or '') + total_found += 1 + info.append(' -> %s' % detail) + + seems_fishy = False + if total_found == 0: + info.append('Error: the template could not be found.') + seems_fishy = True + elif total_found > 1: + info.append('Warning: multiple loaders returned a match for the template.') + seems_fishy = True + + if blueprint is not None and seems_fishy: + info.append(' The template was looked up from an endpoint that ' + 'belongs to the blueprint "%s".' % blueprint) + info.append(' Maybe you did not place a template in the right folder?') + info.append(' See http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/blueprints/#templates') + + app.logger.info('\n'.join(info)) + + +def explain_ignored_app_run(): + if os.environ.get('WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN') != 'true': + warn(Warning('Silently ignoring app.run() because the ' + 'application is run from the flask command line ' + 'executable. Consider putting app.run() behind an ' + 'if __name__ == "__main__" guard to silence this ' + 'warning.'), stacklevel=3) diff --git a/python/flask/globals.py b/python/flask/globals.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7d50a6f --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/globals.py @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask.globals + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Defines all the global objects that are proxies to the current + active context. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +from functools import partial +from werkzeug.local import LocalStack, LocalProxy + + +_request_ctx_err_msg = '''\ +Working outside of request context. + +This typically means that you attempted to use functionality that needed +an active HTTP request. Consult the documentation on testing for +information about how to avoid this problem.\ +''' +_app_ctx_err_msg = '''\ +Working outside of application context. + +This typically means that you attempted to use functionality that needed +to interface with the current application object in some way. To solve +this, set up an application context with app.app_context(). See the +documentation for more information.\ +''' + + +def _lookup_req_object(name): + top = _request_ctx_stack.top + if top is None: + raise RuntimeError(_request_ctx_err_msg) + return getattr(top, name) + + +def _lookup_app_object(name): + top = _app_ctx_stack.top + if top is None: + raise RuntimeError(_app_ctx_err_msg) + return getattr(top, name) + + +def _find_app(): + top = _app_ctx_stack.top + if top is None: + raise RuntimeError(_app_ctx_err_msg) + return top.app + + +# context locals +_request_ctx_stack = LocalStack() +_app_ctx_stack = LocalStack() +current_app = LocalProxy(_find_app) +request = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, 'request')) +session = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, 'session')) +g = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_app_object, 'g')) diff --git a/python/flask/helpers.py b/python/flask/helpers.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..158edc5 --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/helpers.py @@ -0,0 +1,1051 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" + flask.helpers + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + Implements various helpers. + + :copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. + :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" + +import os +import socket +import sys +import pkgutil +import posixpath +import mimetypes +from time import time +from zlib import adler32 +from threading import RLock +import unicodedata +from werkzeug.routing import BuildError +from functools import update_wrapper + +from werkzeug.urls import url_quote +from werkzeug.datastructures import Headers, Range +from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest, NotFound, \ + RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable + +from werkzeug.wsgi import wrap_file +from jinja2 import FileSystemLoader + +from .signals import message_flashed +from .globals import session, _request_ctx_stack, _app_ctx_stack, \ + current_app, request +from ._compat import string_types, text_type, PY2 + +# sentinel +_missing = object() + + +# what separators does this operating system provide that are not a slash? +# this is used by the send_from_directory function to ensure that nobody is +# able to access files from outside the filesystem. +_os_alt_seps = list(sep for sep in [os.path.sep, os.path.altsep] + if sep not in (None, '/')) + + +def get_env(): + """Get the environment the app is running in, indicated by the + :envvar:`FLASK_ENV` environment variable. The default is + ``'production'``. + """ + return os.environ.get('FLASK_ENV') or 'production' + + +def get_debug_flag(): + """Get whether debug mode should be enabled for the app, indicated + by the :envvar:`FLASK_DEBUG` environment variable. The default is + ``True`` if :func:`.get_env` returns ``'development'``, or ``False`` + otherwise. + """ + val = os.environ.get('FLASK_DEBUG') + + if not val: + return get_env() == 'development' + + return val.lower() not in ('0', 'false', 'no') + + +def get_load_dotenv(default=True): + """Get whether the user has disabled loading dotenv files by setting + :envvar:`FLASK_SKIP_DOTENV`. The default is ``True``, load the + files. + + :param default: What to return if the env var isn't set. + """ + val = os.environ.get('FLASK_SKIP_DOTENV') + + if not val: + return default + + return val.lower() in ('0', 'false', 'no') + + +def _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func): + """Internal helper that returns the default endpoint for a given + function. This always is the function name. + """ + assert view_func is not None, 'expected view func if endpoint ' \ + 'is not provided.' + return view_func.__name__ + + +def stream_with_context(generator_or_function): + """Request contexts disappear when the response is started on the server. + This is done for efficiency reasons and to make it less likely to encounter + memory leaks with badly written WSGI middlewares. The downside is that if + you are using streamed responses, the generator cannot access request bound + information any more. + + This function however can help you keep the context around for longer:: + + from flask import stream_with_context, request, Response + + @app.route('/stream') + def streamed_response(): + @stream_with_context + def generate(): + yield 'Hello ' + yield request.args['name'] + yield '!' + return Response(generate()) + + Alternatively it can also be used around a specific generator:: + + from flask import stream_with_context, request, Response + + @app.route('/stream') + def streamed_response(): + def generate(): + yield 'Hello ' + yield request.args['name'] + yield '!' + return Response(stream_with_context(generate())) + + .. versionadded:: 0.9 + """ + try: + gen = iter(generator_or_function) + except TypeError: + def decorator(*args, **kwargs): + gen = generator_or_function(*args, **kwargs) + return stream_with_context(gen) + return update_wrapper(decorator, generator_or_function) + + def generator(): + ctx = _request_ctx_stack.top + if ctx is None: + raise RuntimeError('Attempted to stream with context but ' + 'there was no context in the first place to keep around.') + with ctx: + # Dummy sentinel. Has to be inside the context block or we're + # not actually keeping the context around. + yield None + + # The try/finally is here so that if someone passes a WSGI level + # iterator in we're still running the cleanup logic. Generators + # don't need that because they are closed on their destruction + # automatically. + try: + for item in gen: + yield item + finally: + if hasattr(gen, 'close'): + gen.close() + + # The trick is to start the generator. Then the code execution runs until + # the first dummy None is yielded at which point the context was already + # pushed. This item is discarded. Then when the iteration continues the + # real generator is executed. + wrapped_g = generator() + next(wrapped_g) + return wrapped_g + + +def make_response(*args): + """Sometimes it is necessary to set additional headers in a view. Because + views do not have to return response objects but can return a value that + is converted into a response object by Flask itself, it becomes tricky to + add headers to it. This function can be called instead of using a return + and you will get a response object which you can use to attach headers. + + If view looked like this and you want to add a new header:: + + def index(): + return render_template('index.html', foo=42) + + You can now do something like this:: + + def index(): + response = make_response(render_template('index.html', foo=42)) + response.headers['X-Parachutes'] = 'parachutes are cool' + return response + + This function accepts the very same arguments you can return from a + view function. This for example creates a response with a 404 error + code:: + + response = make_response(render_template('not_found.html'), 404) + + The other use case of this function is to force the return value of a + view function into a response which is helpful with view + decorators:: + + response = make_response(view_function()) + response.headers['X-Parachutes'] = 'parachutes are cool' + + Internally this function does the following things: + + - if no arguments are passed, it creates a new response argument + - if one argument is passed, :meth:`flask.Flask.make_response` + is invoked with it. + - if more than one argument is passed, the arguments are passed + to the :meth:`flask.Flask.make_response` function as tuple. + + .. versionadded:: 0.6 + """ + if not args: + return current_app.response_class() + if len(args) == 1: + args = args[0] + return current_app.make_response(args) + + +def url_for(endpoint, **values): + """Generates a URL to the given endpoint with the method provided. + + Variable arguments that are unknown to the target endpoint are appended + to the generated URL as query arguments. If the value of a query argument + is ``None``, the whole pair is skipped. In case blueprints are active + you can shortcut references to the same blueprint by prefixing the + local endpoint with a dot (``.``). + + This will reference the index function local to the current blueprint:: + + url_for('.index') + + For more information, head over to the :ref:`Quickstart `. + + To integrate applications, :class:`Flask` has a hook to intercept URL build + errors through :attr:`Flask.url_build_error_handlers`. The `url_for` + function results in a :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError` when the current + app does not have a URL for the given endpoint and values. When it does, the + :data:`~flask.current_app` calls its :attr:`~Flask.url_build_error_handlers` if + it is not ``None``, which can return a string to use as the result of + `url_for` (instead of `url_for`'s default to raise the + :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError` exception) or re-raise the exception. + An example:: + + def external_url_handler(error, endpoint, values): + "Looks up an external URL when `url_for` cannot build a URL." + # This is an example of hooking the build_error_handler. + # Here, lookup_url is some utility function you've built + # which looks up the endpoint in some external URL registry. + url = lookup_url(endpoint, **values) + if url is None: + # External lookup did not have a URL. + # Re-raise the BuildError, in context of original traceback. + exc_type, exc_value, tb = sys.exc_info() + if exc_value is error: + raise exc_type, exc_value, tb + else: + raise error + # url_for will use this result, instead of raising BuildError. + return url + + app.url_build_error_handlers.append(external_url_handler) + + Here, `error` is the instance of :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError`, and + `endpoint` and `values` are the arguments passed into `url_for`. Note + that this is for building URLs outside the current application, and not for + handling 404 NotFound errors. + + .. versionadded:: 0.10 + The `_scheme` parameter was added. + + .. versionadded:: 0.9 + The `_anchor` and `_method` parameters were added. + + .. versionadded:: 0.9 + Calls :meth:`Flask.handle_build_error` on + :exc:`~werkzeug.routing.BuildError`. + + :param endpoint: the endpoint of the URL (name of the function) + :param values: the variable arguments of the URL rule + :param _external: if set to ``True``, an absolute URL is generated. Server + address can be changed via ``SERVER_NAME`` configuration variable which + falls back to the `Host` header, then to the IP and port of the request. + :param _scheme: a string specifying the desired URL scheme. The `_external` + parameter must be set to ``True`` or a :exc:`ValueError` is raised. The default + behavior uses the same scheme as the current request, or + ``PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME`` from the :ref:`app configuration ` if no + request context is available. As of Werkzeug 0.10, this also can be set + to an empty string to build protocol-relative URLs. + :param _anchor: if provided this is added as anchor to the URL. + :param _method: if provided this explicitly specifies an HTTP method. + """ + appctx = _app_ctx_stack.top + reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top + + if appctx is None: + raise RuntimeError( + 'Attempted to generate a URL without the application context being' + ' pushed. This has to be executed when application context is' + ' available.' + ) + + # If request specific information is available we have some extra + # features that support "relative" URLs. + if reqctx is not None: + url_adapter = reqctx.url_adapter + blueprint_name = request.blueprint + + if endpoint[:1] == '.': + if blueprint_name is not None: + endpoint = blueprint_name + endpoint + else: + endpoint = endpoint[1:] + + external = values.pop('_external', False) + + # Otherwise go with the url adapter from the appctx and make + # the URLs external by default. + else: + url_adapter = appctx.url_adapter + + if url_adapter is None: + raise RuntimeError( + 'Application was not able to create a URL adapter for request' + ' independent URL generation. You might be able to fix this by' + ' setting the SERVER_NAME config variable.' + ) + + external = values.pop('_external', True) + + anchor = values.pop('_anchor', None) + method = values.pop('_method', None) + scheme = values.pop('_scheme', None) + appctx.app.inject_url_defaults(endpoint, values) + + # This is not the best way to deal with this but currently the + # underlying Werkzeug router does not support overriding the scheme on + # a per build call basis. + old_scheme = None + if scheme is not None: + if not external: + raise ValueError('When specifying _scheme, _external must be True') + old_scheme = url_adapter.url_scheme + url_adapter.url_scheme = scheme + + try: + try: + rv = url_adapter.build(endpoint, values, method=method, + force_external=external) + finally: + if old_scheme is not None: + url_adapter.url_scheme = old_scheme + except BuildError as error: + # We need to inject the values again so that the app callback can + # deal with that sort of stuff. + values['_external'] = external + values['_anchor'] = anchor + values['_method'] = method + values['_scheme'] = scheme + return appctx.app.handle_url_build_error(error, endpoint, values) + + if anchor is not None: + rv += '#' + url_quote(anchor) + return rv + + +def get_template_attribute(template_name, attribute): + """Loads a macro (or variable) a template exports. This can be used to + invoke a macro from within Python code. If you for example have a + template named :file:`_cider.html` with the following contents: + + .. sourcecode:: html+jinja + + {% macro hello(name) %}Hello {{ name }}!{% endmacro %} + + You can access this from Python code like this:: + + hello = get_template_attribute('_cider.html', 'hello') + return hello('World') + + .. versionadded:: 0.2 + + :param template_name: the name of the template + :param attribute: the name of the variable of macro to access + """ + return getattr(current_app.jinja_env.get_template(template_name).module, + attribute) + + +def flash(message, category='message'): + """Flashes a message to the next request. In order to remove the + flashed message from the session and to display it to the user, + the template has to call :func:`get_flashed_messages`. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.3 + `category` parameter added. + + :param message: the message to be flashed. + :param category: the category for the message. The following values + are recommended: ``'message'`` for any kind of message, + ``'error'`` for errors, ``'info'`` for information + messages and ``'warning'`` for warnings. However any + kind of string can be used as category. + """ + # Original implementation: + # + # session.setdefault('_flashes', []).append((category, message)) + # + # This assumed that changes made to mutable structures in the session are + # always in sync with the session object, which is not true for session + # implementations that use external storage for keeping their keys/values. + flashes = session.get('_flashes', []) + flashes.append((category, message)) + session['_flashes'] = flashes + message_flashed.send(current_app._get_current_object(), + message=message, category=category) + + +def get_flashed_messages(with_categories=False, category_filter=[]): + """Pulls all flashed messages from the session and returns them. + Further calls in the same request to the function will return + the same messages. By default just the messages are returned, + but when `with_categories` is set to ``True``, the return value will + be a list of tuples in the form ``(category, message)`` instead. + + Filter the flashed messages to one or more categories by providing those + categories in `category_filter`. This allows rendering categories in + separate html blocks. The `with_categories` and `category_filter` + arguments are distinct: + + * `with_categories` controls whether categories are returned with message + text (``True`` gives a tuple, where ``False`` gives just the message text). + * `category_filter` filters the messages down to only those matching the + provided categories. + + See :ref:`message-flashing-pattern` for examples. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.3 + `with_categories` parameter added. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.9 + `category_filter` parameter added. + + :param with_categories: set to ``True`` to also receive categories. + :param category_filter: whitelist of categories to limit return values + """ + flashes = _request_ctx_stack.top.flashes + if flashes is None: + _request_ctx_stack.top.flashes = flashes = session.pop('_flashes') \ + if '_flashes' in session else [] + if category_filter: + flashes = list(filter(lambda f: f[0] in category_filter, flashes)) + if not with_categories: + return [x[1] for x in flashes] + return flashes + + +def send_file(filename_or_fp, mimetype=None, as_attachment=False, + attachment_filename=None, add_etags=True, + cache_timeout=None, conditional=False, last_modified=None): + """Sends the contents of a file to the client. This will use the + most efficient method available and configured. By default it will + try to use the WSGI server's file_wrapper support. Alternatively + you can set the application's :attr:`~Flask.use_x_sendfile` attribute + to ``True`` to directly emit an ``X-Sendfile`` header. This however + requires support of the underlying webserver for ``X-Sendfile``. + + By default it will try to guess the mimetype for you, but you can + also explicitly provide one. For extra security you probably want + to send certain files as attachment (HTML for instance). The mimetype + guessing requires a `filename` or an `attachment_filename` to be + provided. + + ETags will also be attached automatically if a `filename` is provided. You + can turn this off by setting `add_etags=False`. + + If `conditional=True` and `filename` is provided, this method will try to + upgrade the response stream to support range requests. This will allow + the request to be answered with partial content response. + + Please never pass filenames to this function from user sources; + you should use :func:`send_from_directory` instead. + + .. versionadded:: 0.2 + + .. versionadded:: 0.5 + The `add_etags`, `cache_timeout` and `conditional` parameters were + added. The default behavior is now to attach etags. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.7 + mimetype guessing and etag support for file objects was + deprecated because it was unreliable. Pass a filename if you are + able to, otherwise attach an etag yourself. This functionality + will be removed in Flask 1.0 + + .. versionchanged:: 0.9 + cache_timeout pulls its default from application config, when None. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.12 + The filename is no longer automatically inferred from file objects. If + you want to use automatic mimetype and etag support, pass a filepath via + `filename_or_fp` or `attachment_filename`. + + .. versionchanged:: 0.12 + The `attachment_filename` is preferred over `filename` for MIME-type + detection. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0 + UTF-8 filenames, as specified in `RFC 2231`_, are supported. + + .. _RFC 2231: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2231#section-4 + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3 + Filenames are encoded with ASCII instead of Latin-1 for broader + compatibility with WSGI servers. + + :param filename_or_fp: the filename of the file to send. + This is relative to the :attr:`~Flask.root_path` + if a relative path is specified. + Alternatively a file object might be provided in + which case ``X-Sendfile`` might not work and fall + back to the traditional method. Make sure that the + file pointer is positioned at the start of data to + send before calling :func:`send_file`. + :param mimetype: the mimetype of the file if provided. If a file path is + given, auto detection happens as fallback, otherwise an + error will be raised. + :param as_attachment: set to ``True`` if you want to send this file with + a ``Content-Disposition: attachment`` header. + :param attachment_filename: the filename for the attachment if it + differs from the file's filename. + :param add_etags: set to ``False`` to disable attaching of etags. + :param conditional: set to ``True`` to enable conditional responses. + + :param cache_timeout: the timeout in seconds for the headers. When ``None`` + (default), this value is set by + :meth:`~Flask.get_send_file_max_age` of + :data:`~flask.current_app`. + :param last_modified: set the ``Last-Modified`` header to this value, + a :class:`~datetime.datetime` or timestamp. + If a file was passed, this overrides its mtime. + """ + mtime = None + fsize = None + if isinstance(filename_or_fp, string_types): + filename = filename_or_fp + if not os.path.isabs(filename): + filename = os.path.join(current_app.root_path, filename) + file = None + if attachment_filename is None: + attachment_filename = os.path.basename(filename) + else: + file = filename_or_fp + filename = None + + if mimetype is None: + if attachment_filename is not None: + mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(attachment_filename)[0] \ + or 'application/octet-stream' + + if mimetype is None: + raise ValueError( + 'Unable to infer MIME-type because no filename is available. ' + 'Please set either `attachment_filename`, pass a filepath to ' + '`filename_or_fp` or set your own MIME-type via `mimetype`.' + ) + + headers = Headers() + if as_attachment: + if attachment_filename is None: + raise TypeError('filename unavailable, required for ' + 'sending as attachment') + + if not isinstance(attachment_filename, text_type): + attachment_filename = attachment_filename.decode('utf-8') + + try: + attachment_filename = attachment_filename.encode('ascii') + except UnicodeEncodeError: + filenames = { + 'filename': unicodedata.normalize( + 'NFKD', attachment_filename).encode('ascii', 'ignore'), + 'filename*': "UTF-8''%s" % url_quote(attachment_filename), + } + else: + filenames = {'filename': attachment_filename} + + headers.add('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', **filenames) + + if current_app.use_x_sendfile and filename: + if file is not None: + file.close() + headers['X-Sendfile'] = filename + fsize = os.path.getsize(filename) + headers['Content-Length'] = fsize + data = None + else: + if file is None: + file = open(filename, 'rb') + mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename) + fsize = os.path.getsize(filename) + headers['Content-Length'] = fsize + data = wrap_file(request.environ, file) + + rv = current_app.response_class(data, mimetype=mimetype, headers=headers, + direct_passthrough=True) + + if last_modified is not None: + rv.last_modified = last_modified + elif mtime is not None: + rv.last_modified = mtime + + rv.cache_control.public = True + if cache_timeout is None: + cache_timeout = current_app.get_send_file_max_age(filename) + if cache_timeout is not None: + rv.cache_control.max_age = cache_timeout + rv.expires = int(time() + cache_timeout) + + if add_etags and filename is not None: + from warnings import warn + + try: + rv.set_etag('%s-%s-%s' % ( + os.path.getmtime(filename), + os.path.getsize(filename), + adler32( + filename.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(filename, text_type) + else filename + ) & 0xffffffff + )) + except OSError: + warn('Access %s failed, maybe it does not exist, so ignore etags in ' + 'headers' % filename, stacklevel=2) + + if conditional: + try: + rv = rv.make_conditional(request, accept_ranges=True, + complete_length=fsize) + except RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable: + if file is not None: + file.close() + raise + # make sure we don't send x-sendfile for servers that + # ignore the 304 status code for x-sendfile. + if rv.status_code == 304: + rv.headers.pop('x-sendfile', None) + return rv + + +def safe_join(directory, *pathnames): + """Safely join `directory` and zero or more untrusted `pathnames` + components. + + Example usage:: + + @app.route('/wiki/') + def wiki_page(filename): + filename = safe_join(app.config['WIKI_FOLDER'], filename) + with open(filename, 'rb') as fd: + content = fd.read() # Read and process the file content... + + :param directory: the trusted base directory. + :param pathnames: the untrusted pathnames relative to that directory. + :raises: :class:`~werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound` if one or more passed + paths fall out of its boundaries. + """ + + parts = [directory] + + for filename in pathnames: + if filename != '': + filename = posixpath.normpath(filename) + + if ( + any(sep in filename for sep in _os_alt_seps) + or os.path.isabs(filename) + or filename == '..' + or filename.startswith('../') + ): + raise NotFound() + + parts.append(filename) + + return posixpath.join(*parts) + + +def send_from_directory(directory, filename, **options): + """Send a file from a given directory with :func:`send_file`. This + is a secure way to quickly expose static files from an upload folder + or something similar. + + Example usage:: + + @app.route('/uploads/') + def download_file(filename): + return send_from_directory(app.config['UPLOAD_FOLDER'], + filename, as_attachment=True) + + .. admonition:: Sending files and Performance + + It is strongly recommended to activate either ``X-Sendfile`` support in + your webserver or (if no authentication happens) to tell the webserver + to serve files for the given path on its own without calling into the + web application for improved performance. + + .. versionadded:: 0.5 + + :param directory: the directory where all the files are stored. + :param filename: the filename relative to that directory to + download. + :param options: optional keyword arguments that are directly + forwarded to :func:`send_file`. + """ + filename = safe_join(directory, filename) + if not os.path.isabs(filename): + filename = os.path.join(current_app.root_path, filename) + try: + if not os.path.isfile(filename): + raise NotFound() + except (TypeError, ValueError): + raise BadRequest() + options.setdefault('conditional', True) + return send_file(filename, **options) + + +def get_root_path(import_name): + """Returns the path to a package or cwd if that cannot be found. This + returns the path of a package or the folder that contains a module. + + Not to be confused with the package path returned by :func:`find_package`. + """ + # Module already imported and has a file attribute. Use that first. + mod = sys.modules.get(import_name) + if mod is not None and hasattr(mod, '__file__'): + return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(mod.__file__)) + + # Next attempt: check the loader. + loader = pkgutil.get_loader(import_name) + + # Loader does not exist or we're referring to an unloaded main module + # or a main module without path (interactive sessions), go with the + # current working directory. + if loader is None or import_name == '__main__': + return os.getcwd() + + # For .egg, zipimporter does not have get_filename until Python 2.7. + # Some other loaders might exhibit the same behavior. + if hasattr(loader, 'get_filename'): + filepath = loader.get_filename(import_name) + else: + # Fall back to imports. + __import__(import_name) + mod = sys.modules[import_name] + filepath = getattr(mod, '__file__', None) + + # If we don't have a filepath it might be because we are a + # namespace package. In this case we pick the root path from the + # first module that is contained in our package. + if filepath is None: + raise RuntimeError('No root path can be found for the provided ' + 'module "%s". This can happen because the ' + 'module came from an import hook that does ' + 'not provide file name information or because ' + 'it\'s a namespace package. In this case ' + 'the root path needs to be explicitly ' + 'provided.' % import_name) + + # filepath is import_name.py for a module, or __init__.py for a package. + return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filepath)) + + +def _matching_loader_thinks_module_is_package(loader, mod_name): + """Given the loader that loaded a module and the module this function + attempts to figure out if the given module is actually a package. + """ + # If the loader can tell us if something is a package, we can + # directly ask the loader. + if hasattr(loader, 'is_package'): + return loader.is_package(mod_name) + # importlib's namespace loaders do not have this functionality but + # all the modules it loads are packages, so we can take advantage of + # this information. + elif (loader.__class__.__module__ == '_frozen_importlib' and + loader.__class__.__name__ == 'NamespaceLoader'): + return True + # Otherwise we need to fail with an error that explains what went + # wrong. + raise AttributeError( + ('%s.is_package() method is missing but is required by Flask of ' + 'PEP 302 import hooks. If you do not use import hooks and ' + 'you encounter this error please file a bug against Flask.') % + loader.__class__.__name__) + + +def find_package(import_name): + """Finds a package and returns the prefix (or None if the package is + not installed) as well as the folder that contains the package or + module as a tuple. The package path returned is the module that would + have to be added to the pythonpath in order to make it possible to + import the module. The prefix is the path below which a UNIX like + folder structure exists (lib, share etc.). + """ + root_mod_name = import_name.split('.')[0] + loader = pkgutil.get_loader(root_mod_name) + if loader is None or import_name == '__main__': + # import name is not found, or interactive/main module + package_path = os.getcwd() + else: + # For .egg, zipimporter does not have get_filename until Python 2.7. + if hasattr(loader, 'get_filename'): + filename = loader.get_filename(root_mod_name) + elif hasattr(loader, 'archive'): + # zipimporter's loader.archive points to the .egg or .zip + # archive filename is dropped in call to dirname below. + filename = loader.archive + else: + # At least one loader is missing both get_filename and archive: + # Google App Engine's HardenedModulesHook + # + # Fall back to imports. + __import__(import_name) + filename = sys.modules[import_name].__file__ + package_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(filename)) + + # In case the root module is a package we need to chop of the + # rightmost part. This needs to go through a helper function + # because of python 3.3 namespace packages. + if _matching_loader_thinks_module_is_package( + loader, root_mod_name): + package_path = os.path.dirname(package_path) + + site_parent, site_folder = os.path.split(package_path) + py_prefix = os.path.abspath(sys.prefix) + if package_path.startswith(py_prefix): + return py_prefix, package_path + elif site_folder.lower() == 'site-packages': + parent, folder = os.path.split(site_parent) + # Windows like installations + if folder.lower() == 'lib': + base_dir = parent + # UNIX like installations + elif os.path.basename(parent).lower() == 'lib': + base_dir = os.path.dirname(parent) + else: + base_dir = site_parent + return base_dir, package_path + return None, package_path + + +class locked_cached_property(object): + """A decorator that converts a function into a lazy property. The + function wrapped is called the first time to retrieve the result + and then that calculated result is used the next time you access + the value. Works like the one in Werkzeug but has a lock for + thread safety. + """ + + def __init__(self, func, name=None, doc=None): + self.__name__ = name or func.__name__ + self.__module__ = func.__module__ + self.__doc__ = doc or func.__doc__ + self.func = func + self.lock = RLock() + + def __get__(self, obj, type=None): + if obj is None: + return self + with self.lock: + value = obj.__dict__.get(self.__name__, _missing) + if value is _missing: + value = self.func(obj) + obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = value + return value + + +class _PackageBoundObject(object): + #: The name of the package or module that this app belongs to. Do not + #: change this once it is set by the constructor. + import_name = None + + #: Location of the template files to be added to the template lookup. + #: ``None`` if templates should not be added. + template_folder = None + + #: Absolute path to the package on the filesystem. Used to look up + #: resources contained in the package. + root_path = None + + def __init__(self, import_name, template_folder=None, root_path=None): + self.import_name = import_name + self.template_folder = template_folder + + if root_path is None: + root_path = get_root_path(self.import_name) + + self.root_path = root_path + self._static_folder = None + self._static_url_path = None + + def _get_static_folder(self): + if self._static_folder is not None: + return os.path.join(self.root_path, self._static_folder) + + def _set_static_folder(self, value): + self._static_folder = value + + static_folder = property( + _get_static_folder, _set_static_folder, + doc='The absolute path to the configured static folder.' + ) + del _get_static_folder, _set_static_folder + + def _get_static_url_path(self): + if self._static_url_path is not None: + return self._static_url_path + + if self.static_folder is not None: + return '/' + os.path.basename(self.static_folder) + + def _set_static_url_path(self, value): + self._static_url_path = value + + static_url_path = property( + _get_static_url_path, _set_static_url_path, + doc='The URL prefix that the static route will be registered for.' + ) + del _get_static_url_path, _set_static_url_path + + @property + def has_static_folder(self): + """This is ``True`` if the package bound object's container has a + folder for static files. + + .. versionadded:: 0.5 + """ + return self.static_folder is not None + + @locked_cached_property + def jinja_loader(self): + """The Jinja loader for this package bound object. + + .. versionadded:: 0.5 + """ + if self.template_folder is not None: + return FileSystemLoader(os.path.join(self.root_path, + self.template_folder)) + + def get_send_file_max_age(self, filename): + """Provides default cache_timeout for the :func:`send_file` functions. + + By default, this function returns ``SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT`` from + the configuration of :data:`~flask.current_app`. + + Static file functions such as :func:`send_from_directory` use this + function, and :func:`send_file` calls this function on + :data:`~flask.current_app` when the given cache_timeout is ``None``. If a + cache_timeout is given in :func:`send_file`, that timeout is used; + otherwise, this method is called. + + This allows subclasses to change the behavior when sending files based + on the filename. For example, to set the cache timeout for .js files + to 60 seconds:: + + class MyFlask(flask.Flask): + def get_send_file_max_age(self, name): + if name.lower().endswith('.js'): + return 60 + return flask.Flask.get_send_file_max_age(self, name) + + .. versionadded:: 0.9 + """ + return total_seconds(current_app.send_file_max_age_default) + + def send_static_file(self, filename): + """Function used internally to send static files from the static + folder to the browser. + + .. versionadded:: 0.5 + """ + if not self.has_static_folder: + raise RuntimeError('No static folder for this object') + # Ensure get_send_file_max_age is called in all cases. + # Here, we ensure get_send_file_max_age is called for Blueprints. + cache_timeout = self.get_send_file_max_age(filename) + return send_from_directory(self.static_folder, filename, + cache_timeout=cache_timeout) + + def open_resource(self, resource, mode='rb'): + """Opens a resource from the application's resource folder. To see + how this works, consider the following folder structure:: + + /myapplication.py + /schema.sql + /static + /style.css + /templates + /layout.html + /index.html + + If you want to open the :file:`schema.sql` file you would do the + following:: + + with app.open_resource('schema.sql') as f: + contents = f.read() + do_something_with(contents) + + :param resource: the name of the resource. To access resources within + subfolders use forward slashes as separator. + :param mode: resource file opening mode, default is 'rb'. + """ + if mode not in ('r', 'rb'): + raise ValueError('Resources can only be opened for reading') + return open(os.path.join(self.root_path, resource), mode) + + +def total_seconds(td): + """Returns the total seconds from a timedelta object. + + :param timedelta td: the timedelta to be converted in seconds + + :returns: number of seconds + :rtype: int + """ + return td.days * 60 * 60 * 24 + td.seconds + + +def is_ip(value): + """Determine if the given string is an IP address. + + Python 2 on Windows doesn't provide ``inet_pton``, so this only + checks IPv4 addresses in that environment. + + :param value: value to check + :type value: str + + :return: True if string is an IP address + :rtype: bool + """ + if PY2 and os.name == 'nt': + try: + socket.inet_aton(value) + return True + except socket.error: + return False + + for family in (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6): + try: + socket.inet_pton(family, value) + except socket.error: + pass + else: + return True + + return False diff --git a/python/flask/json/__init__.py b/python/flask/json/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c24286c --- /dev/null +++ b/python/flask/json/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,357 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- +""" +flask.json +~~~~~~~~~~ + +:copyright: © 2010 by the Pallets team. +:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details. +""" +import codecs +import io +import uuid +from datetime import date, datetime +from flask.globals import current_app, request +from flask._compat import text_type, PY2 + +from werkzeug.http import http_date +from jinja2 import Markup + +# Use the same json implementation as itsdangerous on which we +# depend anyways. +from itsdangerous import json as _json + + +# Figure out if simplejson escapes slashes. This behavior was changed +# from one version to another without reason. +_slash_escape = '\\/' not in _json.dumps('/') + + +__all__ = ['dump', 'dumps', 'load', 'loads', 'htmlsafe_dump', + 'htmlsafe_dumps', 'JSONDecoder', 'JSONEncoder', + 'jsonify'] + + +def _wrap_reader_for_text(fp, encoding): + if isinstance(fp.read(0), bytes): + fp = io.TextIOWrapper(io.BufferedReader(fp), encoding) + return fp + + +def _wrap_writer_for_text(fp, encoding): + try: + fp.write('') + except TypeError: + fp = io.TextIOWrapper(fp, encoding) + return fp + + +class JSONEncoder(_json.JSONEncoder): + """The default Flask JSON encoder. This one extends the default simplejson + encoder by also supporting ``datetime`` objects, ``UUID`` as well as + ``Markup`` objects which are serialized as RFC 822 datetime strings (same + as the HTTP date format). In order to support more data types override the + :meth:`default` method. + """ + + def default(self, o): + """Implement this method in a subclass such that it returns a + serializable object for ``o``, or calls the base implementation (to + raise a :exc:`TypeError`). + + For example, to support arbitrary iterators, you could implement + default like this:: + + def default(self, o): + try: + iterable = iter(o) + except TypeError: + pass + else: + return list(iterable) + return JSONEncoder.default(self, o) + """ + if isinstance(o, datetime): + return http_date(o.utctimetuple()) + if isinstance(o, date): + return http_date(o.timetuple()) + if isinstance(o, uuid.UUID): + return str(o) + if hasattr(o, '__html__'): + return text_type(o.__html__()) + return _json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o) + + +class JSONDecoder(_json.JSONDecoder): + """The default JSON decoder. This one does not change the behavior from + the default simplejson decoder. Consult the :mod:`json` documentation + for more information. This decoder is not only used for the load + functions of this module but also :attr:`~flask.Request`. + """ + + +def _dump_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=None): + """Inject default arguments for dump functions.""" + if app is None: + app = current_app + + if app: + bp = app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None + kwargs.setdefault( + 'cls', bp.json_encoder if bp and bp.json_encoder else app.json_encoder + ) + + if not app.config['JSON_AS_ASCII']: + kwargs.setdefault('ensure_ascii', False) + + kwargs.setdefault('sort_keys', app.config['JSON_SORT_KEYS']) + else: + kwargs.setdefault('sort_keys', True) + kwargs.setdefault('cls', JSONEncoder) + + +def _load_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=None): + """Inject default arguments for load functions.""" + if app is None: + app = current_app + + if app: + bp = app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None + kwargs.setdefault( + 'cls', + bp.json_decoder if bp and bp.json_decoder + else app.json_decoder + ) + else: + kwargs.setdefault('cls', JSONDecoder) + + +def detect_encoding(data): + """Detect which UTF codec was used to encode the given bytes. + + The latest JSON standard (:rfc:`8259`) suggests that only UTF-8 is + accepted. Older documents allowed 8, 16, or 32. 16 and 32 can be big + or little endian. Some editors or libraries may prepend a BOM. + + :param data: Bytes in unknown UTF encoding. + :return: UTF encoding name + """ + head = data[:4] + + if head[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8: + return 'utf-8-sig' + + if b'\x00' not in head: + return 'utf-8' + + if head in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE): + return 'utf-32' + + if head[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE): + return 'utf-16' + + if len(head) == 4: + if head[:3] == b'\x00\x00\x00': + return 'utf-32-be' + + if head[::2] == b'\x00\x00': + return 'utf-16-be' + + if head[1:] == b'\x00\x00\x00': + return 'utf-32-le' + + if head[1::2] == b'\x00\x00': + return 'utf-16-le' + + if len(head) == 2: + return 'utf-16-be' if head.startswith(b'\x00') else 'utf-16-le' + + return 'utf-8' + + +def dumps(obj, app=None, **kwargs): + """Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON-formatted string. If there is an + app context pushed, use the current app's configured encoder + (:attr:`~flask.Flask.json_encoder`), or fall back to the default + :class:`JSONEncoder`. + + Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.dumps`, and + does some extra configuration based on the application. If the + simplejson package is installed, it is preferred. + + :param obj: Object to serialize to JSON. + :param app: App instance to use to configure the JSON encoder. + Uses ``current_app`` if not given, and falls back to the default + encoder when not in an app context. + :param kwargs: Extra arguments passed to :func:`json.dumps`. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3 + + ``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app + context for configuration. + """ + _dump_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app) + encoding = kwargs.pop('encoding', None) + rv = _json.dumps(obj, **kwargs) + if encoding is not None and isinstance(rv, text_type): + rv = rv.encode(encoding) + return rv + + +def dump(obj, fp, app=None, **kwargs): + """Like :func:`dumps` but writes into a file object.""" + _dump_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app) + encoding = kwargs.pop('encoding', None) + if encoding is not None: + fp = _wrap_writer_for_text(fp, encoding) + _json.dump(obj, fp, **kwargs) + + +def loads(s, app=None, **kwargs): + """Deserialize an object from a JSON-formatted string ``s``. If + there is an app context pushed, use the current app's configured + decoder (:attr:`~flask.Flask.json_decoder`), or fall back to the + default :class:`JSONDecoder`. + + Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.loads`, and + does some extra configuration based on the application. If the + simplejson package is installed, it is preferred. + + :param s: JSON string to deserialize. + :param app: App instance to use to configure the JSON decoder. + Uses ``current_app`` if not given, and falls back to the default + encoder when not in an app context. + :param kwargs: Extra arguments passed to :func:`json.dumps`. + + .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3 + + ``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app + context for configuration. + """ + _load_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app) + if isinstance(s, bytes): + encoding = kwargs.pop('encoding', None) + if encoding is None: + encoding = detect_encoding(s) + s = s.decode(encoding) + return _json.loads(s, **kwargs) + + +def load(fp, app=None, **kwargs): + """Like :func:`loads` but reads from a file object.""" + _load_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app) + if not PY2: + fp = _wrap_reader_for_text(fp, kwargs.pop('encoding', None) or 'utf-8') + return _json.load(fp, **kwargs) + + +def htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs): + """Works exactly like :func:`dumps` but is safe for use in ``